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In this paper, we investigate the scalability of a given frame in $\mathbb{R}^n$ by using graphs. For each frame $\phi$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$, we associate a simple undirected graph $G(\phi)$ and use it to verify the scalability of $\phi$. We provide some necessary conditions to test the scalability of a given frame. Finally, we study the scalability of some special classes of frames by using graphs., Comment: 13 pages

In this paper, we characterize complementable operators and provide more precise expressions for the Schur complement of these operators using a single Douglas solution. We demonstrate the existence of subspaces where the given operator is invariably complementable. Additionally, we investigate the range-Hermitian property of these operators., Comment: 17 pages

In this paper, we present some interesting results to characterize the Moore-Penrose inverses of unbounded closable operators and the Cartesian product of closed operators in Hilbert spaces., Comment: 15 pages

In this paper, we discuss the Hyers-Ulam stability of closable (unbounded) operators with several interesting examples. We also present results pertaining to the Hyers-Ulam stability of the sum and product of closable operators to have the Hyers-Ulam stability and the necessary and sufficient conditions of the Schur complement and the quadratic complement of $2 \times 2$ block matrix $\mathcal A$ in order to have the Hyers-Ulam stability., Comment: 21 pages

This paper delves into several characterizations of $A$-approximate point spectrum of A-bounded operators acting on a complex semi-Hilbertian space $H$ and also investigates properties of the $A$-approximate point spectrum for the tensor product of two $A^{\frac{1}{2}}$-adjoint operators. Furthermore, several properties of $A$-normal operators have been established., Comment: 18 pages

In this paper, we prove the relation $\frac{r_{A}(T) + r_{A}(T^{\diamond}) + |r_{A}(T^{\diamond}) - r_{A}(T)|}{2} = \sup \{ |\lambda|: \lambda \in \sigma_{A}(T)\}$, where $A$ is a positive semidefinite operator (not necessarily to have a closed range) and $r_{A}(T)$ is the $A$-spectral radius of $T$ in $B_{A^{\frac{1}{2}}}(H)$. Also we prove that $\sup \{ |\lambda|: \lambda \in \sigma_{A}(T)\} = r_{A}(T), \text{ when } T \in B_{A^{\frac{1}{2}}}(H) \text { commutes with } A$. By introducing $A$-Harte spectrum $\sigma_{A_{h}}(\mathbf{T})$ of a $d$-tuple operator $\mathbf{T}= (T_{1},\dots,T_{d}) \in (B_{A^{\frac{1}{2}}}(H))^{d}$, we prove that $r_{A_{h}}(\mathbf{T}) \leq \sup \{\|\lambda\|_{2}: \lambda \in \sigma_{A_{h}}(\mathbf{T})\}$, where $r_{A_{h}}(\mathbf{T})$ is the $A$-Harte spectral radius of $\mathbf{T}$., Comment: 15 pages

With the aim of representing subsets of Banach spaces as an infinite series using Lipschitz functions, we study a variant of metric frames which we call Lipschitz p-approximate Schauder frames (Lipschitz p-ASFs). We characterize Lipschitz p-ASFs and their duals completely using the canonical Schauder basis for classical sequence spaces. Similarity of Lipschitz p-ASF is introduced and characterized., Comment: 11 pages

In this paper, we characterize and study the concept of controlled continuous $g$-frame which is an extension of continuous $g$-frame in Hilbert spaces. We introduce the concept of controlled continuous dual $g$-frame and observe some interesting properties of it. Finally, we characterize all controlled continuous dual $g$-frames of a controlled continuous $g$-frame.

We present more than 50 results including some range inclusion results to characterize reverse order law for Moore-Penrose inverse of closed range Hilbert space operators. We use basic properties of Moore-Penrose inverse to prove the results. Some examples are also provided to illustrate failure cases to hold the reverse order law in infinite dimensional settings., Comment: 15 pages

A real square matrix $A$ is called a P-matrix if all its principal minors are positive. Using the sign non-reversal property of matrices, the notion of P-matrix has been recently extended by Kannan and Sivakumar to infinite-dimensional Banach spaces relative to a given Schauder basis. Motivated by their work, we discuss P-operators on separable real Hilbert spaces. We also investigate P-operators relative to various orthonormal bases., Comment: 6 pages

We give an operator-algebraic treatment of theory of p-approximate Schuader frames which includes the theory of operator-valued frames by Kaftal, Larson, and Zhang [\textit{Trans. AMS., 2009}], G-frames by Sun [JMAA, 2006], factorable weak operator-valued frames by Krishna and Johnson [\textit{Annals of FA, 2022}] and p-approximate Schauder frames by Krishna and Johnson [\textit{J. Pseudo-Differ. Oper. Appl, 2021}] as particular cases. We show that a sufficiently rich theory can be developed even for Banach spaces. We achieve this by defining various concepts and characterizations in Banach spaces. These include duality, approximate duality, equivalence, orthogonality and stability., Comment: 27 pages

Difficulty in the construction of dual frames for a given Hilbert space led to the introduction of approximately dual frames in Hilbert spaces by Christensen and Laugesen. It becomes even more difficult in Banach spaces to construct duals. For this purpose, we introduce approximately dual frames for a class of approximate Schauder frames for Banach spaces and develop basic theory. Approximate duals for this subclass is completely characterized and its perturbation is also studied., Comment: 10 pages

A bounded linear operator $ A$ on a Hilbert space $ \mathcal H $ is said to be an $ EP $ (hypo-$ EP $) operator if ranges of $ A $ and $ A^* $ are equal (range of $ A $ is contained in range of $ A^* $) and $ A $ has a closed range. In this paper, we define $EP$ and hypo-$EP$ operators for densely defined closed linear operators on Hilbert spaces and extend results from bounded operator settings to (possibly unbounded) closed operator settings., Comment: 12 pages

In this paper, some more properties of the generalized principal pivot transform are derived. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the equality between Moore-Penrose inverse of a generalized principal pivot transform and its complementary generalized principal pivot transform are presented. It has been shown that the generalized principal pivot transform preserves the rank of symmetric part of a given square matrix. These results appear to be more generalized than the existing ones. Inheritance property of $P_{\dagger}$-matrix are also characterized for generalized principal pivot transform., Comment: 15 pages

In this paper, necessary and sufficient conditions are given for the existence of Moore-Penrose inverse of a product of two matrices in an indefinite inner product space (IIPS) in which reverse order law holds good. Rank equivalence formulas with respect to IIPS are provided and an open problem is given at the end., Comment: 11 pages

We continue the study dilation of linear maps on vector spaces introduced by Bhat, De, and Rakshit. This notion is a variant of vector space dilation introduced by Han, Larson, Liu, and Liu. We derive vector space versions of Wold decomposition, Halmos dilation, N-dilation, inter-twining lifting theorem and a variant of Ando dilation. It is noted further that unlike a kind of uniqueness of Halmos dilation of strict contractions on Hilbert spaces, vector space version of Halmos dilation can not be characterized., Comment: 11 pages

Let $\mathcal{H}$ be an infinite dimensional Hilbert space and $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$ be the C*-algebra of all bounded linear operators on $\mathcal{H}$, equipped with the operator-norm. By improving the Brown-Pearcy construction, Terence Tao in 2018, extended the result of Popa [1981] which reads as : For each $0<\varepsilon\leq 1/2$, there exist $D,X \in \mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$ with $\|[D,X]-1_{\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})}\|\leq \varepsilon$ such that $\|D\|\|X\|=O\left(\log^5\frac{1}{\varepsilon}\right)$, where $[D,X]:= DX-XD$. In this paper, we show that Tao's result still holds for certain class of unital C*-algebras which include $\mathcal{B}(\mathcal{H})$ as well as the Cuntz algebra $\mathcal{O}_2$., Comment: 10 pages

It is known in Hilbert space frame theory that a Bessel sequence can be expanded to a frame. Contrary to Hilbert space situation, using a result of Casazza and Christensen, we show that there are Banach spaces and approximate Bessel sequences which can not be expanded to approximate Schauder frames. We characterize Banach spaces in which one can expand approximate Bessel sequences to approximate Schauder frames., Comment: 5 pages

Fuglede-Putnam theorem is not true in general for $ EP $ operators on Hilbert spaces. We prove that under some conditions the theorem holds good. If the adjoint operation is replaced by Moore-Penrose inverse in the theorem, we get Fuglede-Putnam type theorem for $ EP $ operators -- however proofs are totally different. Finally, interesting results on $ EP $ operators have been proved using several versions of Fuglede-Putnam type theorems for $ EP $ operators on Hilbert spaces., Comment: 10 pages

A very useful identity for Parseval frames for Hilbert spaces was obtained by Balan, Casazza, Edidin, and Kutyniok. In this paper, we obtain a similar identity for Parseval p-approximate Schauder frames for Banach spaces which admits a homogeneous semi-inner product in the sense of Lumer-Giles., Comment: 6 pages

Paley-Wiener theorem for frames for Hilbert spaces, Banach frames, Schauder frames and atomic decompositions for Banach spaces are known. In this paper, we derive Paley-Wiener theorem for p-approximate Schauder frames for separable Banach spaces. We show that our results give Paley-Wiener theorem for frames for Hilbert spaces., Comment: 7 pages

Famous Naimark-Han-Larson dilation theorem for frames in Hilbert spaces states that every frame for a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ is image of a Riesz basis under an orthogonal projection from a separable Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}_1$ which contains $\mathcal{H}$ isometrically. In this paper, we derive dilation result for p-approximate Schauder frames for separable Banach spaces. Our result contains Naimark-Han-Larson dilation theorem as a particular case., Comment: 9 pages

Let $\mathcal{H}$ and $\mathcal{H}_0$ be Hilbert spaces and $\{A_n\}_n$ be a sequence of bounded linear operators from $\mathcal{H}$ to $\mathcal{H}_0$. The study frames for Hilbert spaces initiated the study of operators of the form $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}A_n^*A_n$, where the convergence is in the strong-operator topology, by Kaftal, Larson and Zhang in the paper: Operator-valued frames. \textit{Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.}, 361(12):6349-6385, 2009. In this paper, we generalize this and study the series of the form $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\Psi_n^*A_n$, where $\{\Psi _n\}_n$ is a sequence of operators from $\mathcal{H}$ to $\mathcal{H}_0$. Main tool used in the study of $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}A_n^*A_n$ is the factorization of this series. Since the series $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\Psi_n^*A_n$ may not be factored, it demands greater care. Therefore we impose a factorization of $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\Psi_n^*A_n$ and derive various results. We characterize them and derive dilation results. We further study the series by taking the indexed set as group as well as group-like unitary system. We also derive stability results., Comment: This paper contains 24 pages and it is an improved version of a part of the unpublished paper arXiv:1810.01629v1 of the same authors

Various norms can be defined on a Krein space by choosing different underlying fundamental decompositions. Some estimates of norms on Krein spaces are discussed and few results in Bognar's paper are generalized., Comment: 12 pages

We make a systematic study of frames for metric spaces. We prove that every separable metric space admits a metric $\mathcal{M}_d$-frame. Through Lipschitz-free Banach spaces we show that there is a correspondence between frames for metric spaces and frames for subsets of Banach spaces. We derive some characterizations of metric frames. We also derive stability results for metric frames., Comment: 22 pages

We begin the study of characterizations of recently defined approximate Schauder frame (ASF) and its duals for separable Banach spaces. We show that, under some conditions, both ASF and its dual frames can be characterized for Banach spaces. We also give an operator-theoretic characterization for similarity of ASFs. Our results encode the results of Holub, Li, Balan, Han, and Larson. We also address orthogonality of ASFs., Comment: 11 pages

Let $\mathcal{A}$ be a unital C*-algebra. Then the theory of Hilbert C*-modules tells that \begin{align*} \sum_{i=1}^{n}(a_ia_i^*)^\frac{1}{2}\leq \sqrt{n} \left(\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ia_i^*\right)^\frac{1}{2}, \quad \forall n \in \mathbb{N}, \forall a_1, \dots, a_n \in \mathcal{A}. \end{align*} By modifications of arguments of Botelho-Andrade, Casazza, Cheng, and Tran given in 2019, for certain tuple $x=(a_1, \dots, a_n) \in \mathcal{A}^n$, we give a method to compute a positive element $c_x$ in the C*-algebra $\mathcal{A}$ such that the equality \begin{align*} \sum_{i=1}^{n}(a_ia_i^*)^\frac{1}{2}=c_x \sqrt{n} \left(\sum_{i=1}^{n}a_ia_i^*\right)^\frac{1}{2}. \end{align*} holds. We give an application for the integral of G. G. Kasparov. We also derive the formula for the exact constant for the continuous $\ell_1-\ell_2$ inequality., Comment: 8 pages

The notion of multipliers in Hilbert space was introduced by Schatten in 1960 using orthonormal sequences and was generalized by Balazs in 2007 using Bessel sequences. This was extended to Banach spaces by Rahimi and Balazs in 2010 using p-Bessel sequences. In this paper, we further extend this by considering Lipschitz functions. On the way we define frames for metric spaces which extends the notion of frames and Bessel sequences for Banach spaces. We show that when the symbol sequence converges to zero, the multiplier is a Lipschitz compact operator. We study how the variation of parameters in the multiplier effects the properties of multiplier., Comment: 19 pages, 0 figures

Operator-valued frame ($G$-frame), as a generalization of frame is introduced by Kaftal, Larson, and Zhang in \textit{Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.}, 361(12):6349-6385, 2009 and by Sun in \textit{J. Math. Anal. Appl.}, 322(1):437-452, 2006. It has been further extended in the paper arXiv:1810.01629 [math.OA] 3 October 2018, so as to have a rich theory on operator-valued frames for Hilbert spaces as well as for Banach spaces. The continuous version has been studied in this paper when the indexing set is a measure space. We study duality, similarity, orthogonality and stability of this extension. Several characterizations are given including a notable characterization when the measure space is a locally compact group. Variation formula, dimension formula and trace formula are derived when the Hilbert space is finite dimensional.

Let $\{\lambda_n\}_n \in \ell^\infty(\mathbb{N})$. In 1960, R. Schatten \cite{SCHATTEN} studied operators of the form $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\lambda_n (x_n\otimes \bar{y_n})$, where $\{x_n\}_n$, $\{y_n\}_n$ are orthonormal sequences in a Hilbert space. In 2007, P. Balazs \cite{BALAZS3} generalized this by replacing $\{x_n\}_n$ and $\{y_n\}_n$ by Bessel sequences. In this paper, we generalize this by studying the operators of the form $\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\lambda_n (A^*_nx_n\otimes \bar{B^*_ny_n})$, where $\{A_n\}_n$ and $\{B_n\}_n$ are operator-valued Bessel sequences and $\{x_n\}_n$, $\{y_n\}_n$ are sequences in the Hilbert space such that $\{\|x_n\|\|y_n\|\}_n \in \ell^\infty(\mathbb{N})$. We next generalize the classes of Hilbert-Schmidt and trace class operators., Comment: 20 pages, no figures

We extend the theory of operator-valued frames (resp. bases), hence the theory of frames (resp. bases), for Hilbert spaces and Hilbert C*-modules, in two folds. This extension leads us to develop the theory of operator-valued frames (resp. bases) for Banach spaces. We give a characterization for the operator-valued frames indexed by a group-like unitary system. This answers an open question asked in the paper titled "Operator-valued frames" by Kaftal, Larson, and Zhang in \textit{Trans. Amer. Math. Soc.} (2009). We study stability of the extension. We also extend Riesz-Fischer theorem, Bessel's inequality, variation formula, dimension formula, and trace formula. Further, notions of p-orthogonality, p-orthonormality and Riesz p-bases have been developed in Banach spaces and Paley-Wiener theorem has also been generalized. We derive `4-inequality,' `4-parallelogram law,' and `4-projection theorem.', Comment: 137 pages