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With public concerns about fostering the inclusion of women, especially those with low socio-economic status, governments and private entities have started to develop collaborative strategies to improve women's development. One such strategy is collaborations with sharing economy entities, which are online platforms that provide entrepreneurship opportunities for individuals despite geographical and structural barriers. This paper draws on Ostrom's concept of the commons to explore how to foster the inclusion of women as entrepreneurs in the sharing economy through collaboration. Thematic analysis reveals the nature and outcomes of policies geared towards women's development. While previous studies on the sharing economy have noted that the top-down nature of its operations has resulted in individualised gains, this paper highlights the collaboration within these settings – leading to individual and mutual monetary and non-monetary benefits – stemming from a shared digital and traditional commons with context-based ideologies and stakeholder actions. This paper gives practitioners a clear understanding of how they can successfully support and create a context for women's entrepreneurship in the age of digitisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destinations with populations of African descent have continuously experienced negative stereotypes portrayed in traditional Western print media. These narratives have expanded to fake news circulating among individuals online, which calls for new techniques in combatting this issue. As there is limited evidence related to fake news in destinations, this research examines how fake news has emerged as a means of reinforcing negative stereotypes for destinations by examining three cases. It proposes a geographical perspective for understanding the production of fake news in tourism as simulated performances incorporating the setting of the frontstage, gazers and changing identities. These aspects drive the visibility, legitimacy and resistance to fake news, which can affect economic gains and conflicting discourses regarding these destinations. This research moves away from conceptualising fake news as solely narratives, as has been done previously. As a result, it draws attention to the spatiality of the phenomenon, which can provide practitioners with insights for developing and implementing destination image repair strategies. Practitioners should incorporate gazers into their strategies for combatting stereotypes. They also need to carry out continuous and real-time repair alongside bunking strategies prior to and during performances. Debunking strategies should provide contextual data in order to be effective. Alongside the empirical contributions, the research enhances the theoretical underpinning of fake news, social media and generally technologies in tourism through the application of concepts within media and black geographies research. These research areas remain understudied in tourism but can serve as pathways to guide further analyses on race in online contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Destination practitioners and scholars have recognized the increasing importance of technologies, resulting in the implementation of smart tourism initiatives to overcome destination challenges before and during the COVID-19 pandemic period. While smart destinations are predominantly deemed to be technology-oriented, there have been calls for more collaborative and human-oriented forms of tourism development. This paper adopts a path dependence approach to explore the development of smart destinations and specifically why some smart destinations do not follow a technology path. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews with stakeholders involved in smart initiatives in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The findings illustrated that smart development draws on resources and activities associated with the past, which was confirmed by identifying the constitutive features of the path. Ljubljana's sustainability path significantly influenced its smart development, which challenges the underlying predominant assumption of smart being equated with digitization. Developers can use the findings to hasten the implementation of smart initiatives while also being mindful that paths can restrict practitioners' ability to change the focus of smart developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]