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Background: In most cases of transposition of the great arteries with ventricular septal defect and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, a Lecompte procedure (reparation a l'etage ventriculaire) is possible without interposition of a conduit between the right ventricle and pulmonary artery. However, the anterior location of the pulmonary arteries after the Lecompte maneuver may be a potential cause for right ventricular outflow obstruction, which continues to be reported in 5% to 25% of cases. We have used a tubular segment of aortic autograft to connect the pulmonary artery, left in the orthotopic posterior position (without the Lecompte maneuver), to the right ventricle in 10 consecutive patients with transposition, ventricular septal defect, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. Methods: Ten consecutive patients aged 2 months to 11 years (mean 32 months) have undergone a modified Lecompte operation. Eight had severe pulmonary stenosis, two had pulmonary atresia, and four had a restrictive ventricular septal defect at the time of the operation. Two had multiple ventricular septal defects. Seven had undergone one ( n = 5) or two ( n = 2) previous modified Blalock-Taussig shunts. All patients underwent a total correction with left ventricular–aortic intraventricular connection (four needed a ventricular septal defect enlargement), connection between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries with a tubular segment of autograft aorta, without the Lecompte maneuver (anterior location of the bifurcation of the pulmonary arteries) on the right ( n = 6) or the left ( n = 4) of the aorta. No valvular device was used for the right ventricular outflow repair. Results: No early or late deaths occurred. One patient with multiple ventricular septal defects needed an early (2 weeks) reoperation for a residual muscular ventricular septal defect. All patients are currently in New York Heart Association class I, without medications, in sinus rhythm, at a mean follow-up of 30 months. Late results up to 3.6 years show no calcification on the chest roentgenogram, and at the most recent echocardiogram, right ventricular pressures were low (25 to 40 mm Hg, mean 33 mm Hg) and no significant gradient (over 10 mm Hg) was found between the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries. Left and right ventricular function was satisfactory. Conclusion: This modification of the Lecompte operation using a segment of autograft allows an excellent early and late result, with no danger of compression of anteriorly placed pulmonary arteries, no significant right ventricular outflow obstruction, and normal appearance of the tubular autograft. In view of laboratory and clinical evidence, normal growth of the autograft can be anticipated. It allows an elective correction of transposition, ventricular septal defect, and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction without a previous Blalock-Taussig shunt (three patients) and correction at a young age (three patients younger than 1 year). (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1997;114:746-54)