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To many, the concept of strategic bombing – the aerial bombardment of the enemy’s homeland, hitting industrial and civilian targets in hope of destroying the capacity and willingness to wage war – is symbolic of ‘total war’ in the twentieth century. A precise ‘theory’ of strategic bombing began to emerge in the 1920s, relating to the evidence of the First World War and speculating on its significance. The chief characteristic of strategic bombing is the fear it induces among people not traditionally associated with the waging of war – the ordinary civilians working in or living around the target areas. Their concept of aerial bombardment was important in the evolution of a theory of strategic bombing before 1939: a concept based upon a mixture of imagination and experience. This confusion was shown most forcibly in the role and capabilities of the Royal Air Force at the outbreak of the Second World War in September 1939.

As the prevalence of the Internet of Things (IoT)\ud continues to increase, cyber criminals are quick to exploit the\ud security gaps that many devices are inherently designed with.\ud Whilst users can not be expected to tackle this threat alone, many\ud current solutions available for network monitoring are simply not\ud accessible or can be difficult to implement for the average user\ud and is a gap that needs to be addressed. This paper presents an\ud effective signature-based solution to monitor, analyse and detect\ud potentially malicious traffic for IoT ecosystems in the typical\ud home network environment by utilising passive network sniffing\ud techniques and a cloud-application to monitor anomalous activity.\ud The proposed solution focuses on two attack and propagation\ud vectors leveraged by the infamous Mirai botnet, namely DNS\ud and Telnet. Experimental evaluation demonstrates the proposed\ud solution can detect 98.35% of malicious DNS traffic and 99.33%\ud of Telnet traffic respectively; for an overall detection accuracy\ud of 98.84%.

Manpower statistics cover a wide field.1 This chapter concentrates on those aspects which are of particular importance to sociologists: the structure of the occupied population, unemployment, hours of work, wage rates and earnings, the cost-of-living and retail prices, trade union membership, and industrial disputes. Statistics on other aspects of the labour force, such as mobility and turnover and vacancies in industry, are not discussed here partly because of lack of space but mainly because of lack of adequate historical data. The emphasis in the following discussion is generally upon the strengths and weaknesses of the various series rather than upon the trends which they reveal.

Statistics on the level of income and wealth of the economy of the United Kingdom present an overall picture in terms of frequently used concepts. Precise definitions of these concepts, although well known to economists, are not so well known to others and Section 1 of this chapter therefore defines and explains the various statistics and concepts which are used later. Section 2 presents statistics on the national income and its recipients. Section 3 presents statistics on the amounts spent by the various sectors of the economy. Section 4 presents statistics on the distribution of income and Section 5 gives some statistics on wealth in the economy. Section 6 summarises the main trends in the statistics.