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Martin Hengel argued effectively that all Judaism in the Hellenistic period was Hellenistic Judaism, but Judaism in the land of Israel remained very different from its counterpart in the Diaspora. Recent study of globalization and “glocalization” has shown that local cultures are not obliterated by globalization but react to it in various ways. There is also a new and growing appreciation of the differences between the Seleucid and Ptolemaic empires. The category of Hellenism, understood as the ways of thinking of all the peoples subjected to Greek influence, remains useful, but it must be understood to embrace considerable local diversity, and not limited to the use of the Greek language.

The history of the Holy Land in the Hellenistic and early Roman periods (332 bce – 135 ce) is outlined. Highlights include the Maccabean revolt, the reign and building activity of Herod the Great, and the fall of Jerusalem after the great revolt (66–73 ce). Particular attention is paid to the impact of political developments on religion and to the variety within Judaism during those centuries—Sadducees, Pharisees, Essenes (with discussion of the Dead Sea Scrolls), Jesus, and the rise of later Rabbinic Judaism.

RADxSM Tech's mission is to rapidly accelerate deployment of SARS-CoV-2 tests and could not utilize typical grant application and review processes that can run 4 to 6 months. Instead, RADx Tech leveraged methodologies developed by CIMIT and utilized by POCTRN as described further in this special issue. RADx Tech uses a multi-stage review with two review panels, a Viability Panel and a Steering Panel, that are supported by subject matter experts and a Deep Dive team. Members of the panels have extensive commercialization and business experience in addition to scientific and technical knowledge. The Viability Panel is responsible for assessing whether the proposal is a good fit with the RADx Tech Program and whether it should be recommended to move into a Deep Dive. Less detailed information is requested in the application than a typical SBIR application since the application is refined and details added during the Deep Dive. The Steering Panel reviews the results from the Deep Dive and decides whether to recommend further funding. Everyone on the Viability Panel and Steering Panel reviews every application, thereby providing consistency and context for the reviewers. Utilization of an “assess, improve, and then select” process with review panels comprised of highly experienced review panel members has resulted in improved timing, efficiency, and effectiveness of reviews and has the potential to be extensible beyond RADx Tech.

Persistent pain in childhood and medical illness can be challenging to manage. The chapter has been revised to give a brief overview of the approach to pain management in some childhood diseases. Better understanding of the etiology of pain mechanisms guide the management of pain. In addition, an understanding of the pathophysiology of the underlying processes and utilizing a stepwise assessment and treatment approach is important. Discussion around the multifaceted approach to childhood pain management incorporating the understanding of the role and place of analgesics in managing these medical illnesses is outline. In addition, appropriate medication or analgesia prescription and the role of nonpharmacological approaches has been considered in this revision.

There has been an explosion of interest in Second Temple Judaism over the last fifty years. In the first half of the period under review, the Pseudepigrapha were at the cutting edge. This period culminated in the publication of the new enlarged edition of the Old Testament Pseudepigrapha, edited by James H. Charlesworth. Beginning in the 1980s, interest shifted to the Dead Sea Scrolls, culminating in the rapid publication of the corpus under the editorship of Emanuel Tov. At the same time, new discoveries shed light on the encounter of Judaism with Hellenism, both in Judea in the Maccabean period and in the Egyptian diaspora. Few scholars would now defend an idea of “normative Judaism” in this period, but that idea still casts a shadow on the ongoing debates.

AIM For patients requiring haemodialysis, the risk of Staphylococcus aureus disease is higher in those colonized and persists while the person requires haemodialysis, necessitating frequent decolonization. However, the duration of successful decolonization is not known. This study aimed to determine the duration of efficacy of decolonization in intermittent and persistent S. aureus carriers requiring haemodialysis using two decolonization strategies. METHODS We screened 100 outpatients requiring haemodialysis for S. aureus carriage and then decolonized 14 intermittent carriers and 18 persistent carriers. Participants were invited to undertake two decolonization attempts, using systemic or topical antibiotics 12 weeks apart. Nasal swabs were taken weekly to determine the duration of successful decolonization. RESULTS Decolonization was successful in 24/32 (75%) participants and the median duration of decolonization was 35 days (95% confidence interval (CI) 11-59). The median duration of S. aureus decolonization was significantly shorter for persistent carriers (19 days, 95% CI 13-25 days) in comparison with intermittent carriers (70 days, 95% CI 61-79 days; P

This essay reviews the basic contents of the Pentateuch and the labels assigned to it, both ancient and modern. It then turns to the question of pentateuchal origins in the Persian period and its earliest interpretation in that era. It then turns to the Hellenistic and early Roman periods and the reception and social roles of the Pentateuch in Hebrew, Greek, and Aramaic.

Potent antithrombotic agents are routinely prescribed after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to reduce ischemic complications. However, in patients who are at an increased bleeding risk, this may pose significant risks. We sought to evaluate the association between a history of gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) and outcomes after PCI. We linked clinical registry data from PCIs performed at 48 Michigan hospitals between 1/2013 and 3/2018 to Medicare claims. We used 1:5 propensity score matching to adjust for patient characteristics. In-hospital outcomes included bleeding, transfusion, stroke or death. Post-discharge outcomes included 90-day all-cause readmission and long-term mortality. Of 30,206 patients, 1.1% had a history of GIB. Patients with a history of GIB were more likely to be older, female, and have more cardiovascular comorbidities. After matching, those with a history of GIB (n = 312) had increased post-procedural transfusions (15.7% vs 8.4%; p0.001), bleeding (11.9% vs 5.2%; p0.001), and major bleeding (2.8% vs 0.6%; p = 0.004). Ninety-day readmission rates were similar among those with and without a history of GIB (34.3% vs 31.3%; p = 0.318). There was no significant difference in post-discharge survival (1 year: 78% vs 80%; p = 0.217; 5 years: 54% vs 51%; p = 0.189). In conclusion, after adjusting for baseline characteristics, patients with a history of GIB had increased risk of post-PCI in-hospital bleeding complications. However, a history of GIB was not significantly associated with 90-day readmission or long-term survival.