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International audience; Background The European Low-Grade Glioma network indicated a need to better understand common practices regarding the managing of diffuse low-grade gliomas. This area has experienced great advances in recent years. Method A general survey on the managing of diffuse lowgrade gliomas was answered by 21 centres in 11 European countries. Here we focused on specific questions regarding perioperative and intraoperative cognitive assessments. Results More centres referred to the same speech and language therapist and/or neuropsychologist across all assessments; a core of assessment tools was routinely used across centres; fluency tasks were commonly used in the perioperative stages, and object naming during surgery; tasks that tapped on attention, executive functions, visuospatial awareness, calculation and emotions were sparsely administered; preoperative assessments were performed 1 month or 1 week before surgery; timing for postoperative assessments varied; finally, more centres recommended early rehabilitation, whenever needed. Conclusions There is an emerging trend towards following similar practices for the management of low-grade gliomas in Europe. Our results are descriptive and formalise current discussions in our group. Also, they contribute towards the development of a European assessment protocol.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to summarize evidence on injuries occurring in individuals participating in mountain and wilderness sports. DATA SOURCES: Scopus, ISI Web of Knowledge, SPORTDiscus, Ovid Safety and Health, Index to Theses, COPAC, and sportscotland e-library. The search terms were (mountain* or wilderness or adventure or climb* or (hill walk*)) and (accident* or injur* or rescue*) and (epidemiolog* or statistic* or pattern* or survey*). The search period was from 1987 to 2010. STUDY SELECTION: A total of 2034 articles were identified. The full text of 137 articles was retrieved. Fifty articles met inclusion criteria-mountain and wilderness; nonmotorized, leisure time, outdoor activities; and nonfatal injury. Skiing and snowboarding articles were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: Study design was classified using the "STOX" hierarchy of evidence. Study quality was rated independently by 2 reviewers. DATA SYNTHESIS: All studies were observational. Twenty-one (42%) were longitudinal, 20 (40%) were cross-sectional surveys, and 9 were cohort studies. A majority of casualties were aged 20 to 39 years. There was a clear male majority, 70% to 89% in most studies. The percentage of casualties who sustained severe injuries ranged from 5% to 10%-less than 10% were admitted to hospital. Casualties sustained an average of 1.2 to 2.8 injuries (most >1.6), which mainly affected the soft tissues; between 2% and 38% were fractures. Up to 90% of injuries were to the extremities. CONCLUSIONS: The majority of mountain and wilderness sports injuries are minor to moderate. However, some casualties have life-threatening medical problems, which may have long-term implications for return to sport and general well-being. Language: en

The United Kingdom Working Party diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis have been characterized in infants and children; however, the need for visual confirmation of flexural dermatitis by a trained investigator limits their use in large epidemiologic studies. We have administered the complete United Kingdom Working Party criteria in a postal questionnaire format to the mothers of year old infants and determined the concordance between mothers' and trained investigator's reports of visual flexural dermatitis. Based on mothers' responses to the questionnaire, 59 infants with atopic dermatitis and 59 controls were identified. In subsequent home interviews conducted by a trained investigator, the United Kingdom criteria questions were repeated and sites of current visible dermatitis were identified by mothers and the investigator as per United Kingdom Working Party protocol. Agreement between the mothers' postal and home interview responses was high: kappa= 0.75-0.94 for individual criteria; kappa= 0.93 for diagnosed atopic dermatitis. Agreement between the mothers' and investigator's observations of visible flexural dermatitis was high for all sites: kappa= 0.88-1.0. The results demonstrate that mothers are able to apply the United Kingdom criteria and accurately report visible flexural dermatitis in their year old infants. The postal application of the United Kingdom Working Party's diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis in year old infants appears to be a practical, reliable, epidemiologic tool in the investigation of atopic dermatitis with results comparable with formal application of the criteria by a trained investigator.

A new version of TRW's miniature pulse tube cooler system maintains the short wave infrared–focal plane array (SWIR–FPA) (with wavelength spectrum of 0.9–2.5 μm in the hyperspectral imaging spectrometer for the Hyperion Instrument) interface at a temperature of 110 K. The cooler provides the nominally required cooling load of 0.84W to the FPA via a cold thermal strap, at 72% stroke consuming 14.7 W of electrical power, when the heat reject temperature is at 300 K. This cooler can operate up to 90% stroke, having 1.5 W cooling load, thus having 79% performance margin for the Hyperion mission. Before the installation and operation of the cooler onto the instrument, both the mechanical and the electronics assemblies underwent the environmental tests of launch vibration, thermal vacuum cycling, and burn-in. The cooler performance in terms of mechanical efficiency, electronics efficiency, load lines, temperature stability, self-induced vibrational force reduction, ripple current reduction, and magnetic radiated emission was measured and are reported here.

Objective To profile casualties of UK remote and rural sport and recreation rescued by Mountain Rescue Teams (MRTs). Methods Anonymised data regarding non-fatal casualties recorded from 1 January 2002 to 31 December 2006 were retrieved from the Mountain Rescue Committees of Scotland and England and Wales. Results Across the UK there were 6814 incidents involving 7995 people, including 550 fatal incidents. 3398 injured or ill casualties were assisted by rescue teams. Half of those rescued (50.7%) had no medical problems. 3152 casualty reports were available for analysis (Scotland 743, England and Wales 2409). The ages of those assisted ranged from 3 to 104 years, with a male predominance (60.8%). Hillwalking accounted for 75% of mountain rescues. More casualties were injured than ill (77.2% vs 10.4%). The injury reported most often was fracture (58.6%) and the lower extremity was most commonly injured (53%). Multiple injuries were relatively uncommon. The rescue scenarios in England and Wales and in Scotland were broadly similar. MRTs administered medication to more casualties in England and Wales (39.4% vs 14.5%). Helicopters assisted a greater proportion of casualties in Scotland (56.9% vs 40.5%). Conclusions Volunteer rescue teams assisted a wide range of casualties including some with serious multiple injuries. The nature of casualty rescues undertaken in Scotland was similar to that in England and Wales. The results have implications for UK-wide rescue team training, medical professionals receiving casualties and for outdoor education safety initiatives.