Search

Your search keyword '"John C. Bridges"' showing total 20 results
Start Over Author "John C. Bridges"
20 results on '"John C. Bridges"'

1. A Review of the Phyllosilicates in Gale Crater as Detected by the CheMin Instrument on the Mars Science Laboratory, Curiosity Rover

Author

Valerie M. Tu, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Thomas F. Bristow, Michael T. Thorpe, Joanna V. Clark, Nicholas Castle, Abigail A. Fraeman, Lauren A. Edgar, Amy McAdam, Candice Bedford, Cherie N. Achilles, David Blake, Steve J. Chipera, Patricia I. Craig, David J. Des Marais, Gordon W. Downs, Robert T. Downs, Valerie Fox, John P. Grotzinger, Robert M. Hazen, Douglas W. Ming, Richard V. Morris, Shaunna M. Morrison, Betina Pavri, Jennifer Eigenbrode, Tanya S. Peretyazhko, Philippe C. Sarrazin, Brad Sutter, Allan H. Treiman, David T. Vaniman, Ashwin R. Vasavada, Albert S. Yen, and John C. Bridges

Subjects
clay minerals, phyllosilicates, organic preservation, Mars, gale crater, X-ray diffraction, Mineralogy, QE351-399.2
Abstract

Curiosity, the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) rover, landed on Mars in August 2012 to investigate the ~3.5-billion-year-old (Ga) fluvio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits of Aeolis Mons (informally known as Mount Sharp) and the surrounding plains (Aeolis Palus) in Gale crater. After nearly nine years, Curiosity has traversed over 25 km, and the Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) X-ray diffraction instrument on-board Curiosity has analyzed 30 drilled rock and three scooped soil samples to date. The principal strategic goal of the mission is to assess the habitability of Mars in its ancient past. Phyllosilicates are common in ancient Martian terrains dating to ~3.5–4 Ga and were detected from orbit in some of the lower strata of Mount Sharp. Phyllosilicates on Earth are important for harboring and preserving organics. On Mars, phyllosilicates are significant for exploration as they are hypothesized to be a marker for potential habitable environments. CheMin data demonstrate that ancient fluvio-lacustrine rocks in Gale crater contain up to ~35 wt. % phyllosilicates. Phyllosilicates are key indicators of past fluid–rock interactions, and variation in the structure and composition of phyllosilicates in Gale crater suggest changes in past aqueous environments that may have been habitable to microbial life with a variety of possible energy sources.

Published
2021
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. The Microbial Community of a Terrestrial Anoxic Inter-Tidal Zone: A Model for Laboratory-Based Studies of Potentially Habitable Ancient Lacustrine Systems on Mars

Author

Elliot Curtis-Harper, Victoria K. Pearson, Stephen Summers, John C. Bridges, Susanne P. Schwenzer, and Karen Olsson-Francis

Subjects
Mars, lacustrine system, habitability, analogue community, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Evidence indicates that Gale crater on Mars harboured a fluvio-lacustrine environment that was subjected to physio-chemical variations such as changes in redox conditions and evaporation with salinity changes, over time. Microbial communities from terrestrial environmental analogues sites are important for studying such potential habitability environments on early Mars, especially in laboratory-based simulation experiments. Traditionally, such studies have predominantly focused on microorganisms from extreme terrestrial environments. These are applicable to a range of Martian environments; however, they lack relevance to the lacustrine systems. In this study, we characterise an anoxic inter-tidal zone as a terrestrial analogue for the Gale crater lake system according to its chemical and physical properties, and its microbiological community. The sub-surface inter-tidal environment of the River Dee estuary, United Kingdom (53°21′15.40″ N, 3°10′24.95″ W) was selected and compared with available data from Early Hesperian-time Gale crater, and temperature, redox, and pH were similar. Compared to subsurface ‘groundwater’-type fluids invoked for the Gale subsurface, salinity was higher at the River Dee site, which are more comparable to increases in salinity that likely occurred as the Gale crater lake evolved. Similarities in clay abundance indicated similar access to, specifically, the bio-essential elements Mg, Fe and K. The River Dee microbial community consisted of taxa that were known to have members that could utilise chemolithoautotrophic and chemoorganoheterotrophic metabolism and such a mixed metabolic capability would potentially have been feasible on Mars. Microorganisms isolated from the site were able to grow under environment conditions that, based on mineralogical data, were similar to that of the Gale crater’s aqueous environment at Yellowknife Bay. Thus, the results from this study suggest that the microbial community from an anoxic inter-tidal zone is a plausible terrestrial analogue for studying habitability of fluvio-lacustrine systems on early Mars, using laboratory-based simulation experiments.

Published
2018
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. A Comparative Carbon XANES and EELS Study of Organic Matter in the Ivuna CI Chondrite

Author

Lukas Petera, Hitesh, G. Changela, John, C. Bridges, Yoko Kebukawa, Leon, J. Hicks, Niamh Topping, and Martin Ferus

Abstract

An understanding the organic matter (OM) in primitive interplanetary materials can provide us with important constraints on both the early solar system carbon cycle and incipient prebiotic synthesis before the origin of life. As a window to the past, primitive chondrites preserve the most pristine record of parent body, nebular and interstellar components and the occurrence of OM in them has been shown in both soluble (SOM) (1) and insoluble (IOM) (2) form. Total organic carbon (TOC) abundance reaches ~3-4 wt% in the most primitive carbonaceous chondrite (CCs) (3), such as Ivuna-type chondrites (CIs) – thus making them highly desirable for the OM studies, and relevant to the study of Asteroid 162173 Ryugu samples from the Hayabusa-2 mission.A combination of both SOM and IOM analysis of organic bulk meteorite separates together with in-situ analysis of OM have provided a comprehensive account of chondritic OM (4). In the case of in-situ analysis, the combination of both scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) together with soft X-Ray scanning transmission microscopy (STXM) have shown the presence of micron to submicron distinctive organic particles (OPs) (5). Carbon K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) has shown the aromatic-carbonyl-carboxyl chemical nature of these organic particles (5). In addition, aromatic-poorer and carboxylic-richer diffuse OM (6) within both amorphous and phyllosilicate occurs as well.As observation techniques are getting better, aberration corrected TEM coupled with electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) might provide the same results as carbon XANES, but with higher image magnification, rapid data acquisition and better accessibility. In this context, we present the results of a comparative carbon K-edge XANES and EELS study of CI meteorite Ivuna. An approximately 100 nm lamella of the Ivuna meteorite was prepared using focused ion beam (FIB)-SEM with the Helios 5 Hydra DualBeam (CEITEC, Masaryk University, Czechia) and analysed by TEM-EELS with the JEOL ARM200CF (ePSIC, Diamond Light Source, UK) and STXM-XANES at Beamline BL19A of the KEK Photon Factory, Japan. We observed that (I) XANES on samples that did not experience TEM-EELS are in agreement with the previous studies of aromatic-carbonyl-carboxylic macromolecular OPs and IOM, while (II) the TEM-EELS of OPs show aromatic-carbonyl functional chemistry but with amorphous carbon convoluting the carboxylic peak, and aromatic-poor spectra with a sharp carbonate peak in diffuse OM. The difference between XANES and EELS particularly in the diffuse OM can be interpreted by electron-beam damage. Thickness and e-beam damage leads to amorphous C formation in the OPs. In the case of more labile OM in the phyllosilicate, its change by heating and oxidation is expected. References:1. M. A. Sephton, Nat. Prod. Rep., 19, 292–311 (2022). 2. C. M. O. Alexander et al., Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 71, 4380–4403 (2007). 3. S. Pizzarello et al., Meteorites early Sol. Syst. II, 1, 625–651 (2006). 4. D. P. Glavin et al., in Primitive meteorites and asteroids, pp. 205–271 (Elsevier, 2018). 5. H. G. Changela et al, Meteorit. Planet. Sci., 53, 1006–1029 (2018). 6. Le Guillou C., et al, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, 131, 368–392 (2014).

Published
2023

6. Correlated Multi-Technique Characterisation of Sulfur-Bearing Serpentine in Carbonaceous Chondrites

Author

Niamh Topping, John C. Bridges, Leon J. Hicks, and Takaaki Noguchi

Abstract

Phyllosilicate minerals in the carbonaceous chondrites provide insights into processes in primitive parent bodies of the early Solar System. It is widely agreed that the CM- and CI-type carbonaceous chondrites underwent aqueous alteration on their parent bodies, resulting in phyllosilicate-rich matrices, where the dominant mineral phase is serpentine. There are many previous studies investigating phyllosilicate structure in carbonaceous chondrites, however, the presence of sulfur in these minerals and its effect on crystal lattice structure has not been studied in detail. We are investigating how the presence of sulfur (up to ≃9-10 wt% SO3) in serpentine phyllosilicate regions effects basal lattice spacing measurements of serpentine-like minerals in CM- and CI-type chondritic and related asteroidal material.Four specimens are being studied for this work: Winchcombe and Aguas Zarcas (CM-type), and Ryugu samples (A0058-C2001-08, A0104-00200502 and A0104-01700602) from Hayabusa2 and Ivuna (CI-type). All samples are TEM wafers. We have used a multi-technique approach to study the samples, with the E01 JEOL ARM200CF and E02 JEOL ARM300CF electron microscopes at the ePSIC facility at Diamond Light Source in Harwell, UK. EDS compositional data has been collected using the E01 microscope, whilst HRTEM and HAADF imaging data has been collected at E02. At E02 we are also applying a new 4D-STEM nano-diffraction technique in order to collect lattice spacing data to correlate with our other HRTEM results. Fe-K XANES analyses on Winchcombe and Ryugu have been carried out using the I18 microprobe and I14 hard x-ray nanoprobe respectively, also at Diamond Light Source, to constrain Fe3+/ΣFe. By combining these techniques we aim to better understand the physical and chemical structure of serpentine-like minerals in carbonaceous chondrites.Initial analyses have shown that sulfur presence in carbonaceous chondrite phyllosilicates reduces the basal lattice spacings of serpentine-like minerals. In these sulfur-bearing regions, we have been finding lattice spacings in the range ~0.60-0.74nm for the CM-type chondrites. For the CI-type, these range between ~0.65-0.76nm. Differences in the reduced lattice spacing ranges are likely related to the redox state of the sulfur. In Ryugu and other carbonaceous chondrites the sulfur appears reduced; its content in serpentine is low and we see FeS grains. Comparatively, in Winchcombe (and others) more of the sulfur seems to be in the serpentine structure.We can conclude that in serpentine-like minerals, the presence of sulfur appears to reduce basal lattice spacing values compared to the expected d-spacing value of 0.70nm for serpentine. Possible reasons for this include further investigations into the valency of the sulfur ions, the bonding environment within serpentine layers, and the location of sulfur in either the octa- or tetrahedral lattice sites.

Published
2023

7. Nonequilibrium spherulitic magnetite in the Ryugu samples

Author

Elena Dobrică, Hope A. Ishii, John P. Bradley, Kenta Ohtaki, Adrian J. Brearley, Takaaki Noguchi, Toru Matsumoto, Akira Miyake, Yohei Igami, Mitsutaka Haruta, Hikaru Saito, Satoshi Hata, Yusuke Seto, Masaaki Miyahara, Naotaka Tomioka, Hugues Leroux, Corentin Le Guillou, Damien Jacob, Francisco de la Peña, Sylvain Laforet, Maya Marinova, Falko Langenhorst, Dennis Harries, Pierre Beck, Thi H.V. Phan, Rolando Rebois, Neyda M. Abreu, Jennifer Gray, Thomas Zega, Pierre-M. Zanetta, Michelle S. Thompson, Rhonda Stroud, Kate Burgess, Brittany A. Cymes, John C. Bridges, Leon Hicks, Martin R. Lee, Luke Daly, Phil A. Bland, Michael E. Zolensky, David R. Frank, James Martinez, Akira Tsuchiyama, Masahiro Yasutake, Junya Matsuno, Shota Okumura, Itaru Mitsukawa, Kentaro Uesugi, Masayuki Uesugi, Akihisa Takeuchi, Mingqi Sun, Satomi Enju, Aki Takigawa, Tatsuhiro Michikami, Tomoki Nakamura, Megumi Matsumoto, Yusuke Nakauchi, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Ryuji Okazaki, Hikaru Yabuta, Hiroshi Naraoka, Kanako Sakamoto, Shogo Tachibana, Toru Yada, Masahiro Nishimura, Aiko Nakato, Akiko Miyazaki, Kasumi Yogata, Masanao Abe, Tatsuaki Okada, Tomohiro Usui, Makoto Yoshikawa, Takanao Saiki, Satoshi Tanaka, Fuyuto Terui, Satoru Nakazawa, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, Yuichi Tsuda, The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], Kyoto University, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut Michel Eugène Chevreul - FR 2638 (IMEC), and Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)

Subjects
Magnetite, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], Geochemistry and Petrology, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Ryugu, Return samples, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Nonequilibrium, Aqueous alteration, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

International audience; We have investigated several particles collected during each of two touchdowns of the Hayabusa2 spacecraft at the surface of the C-type asteroid 162173 Ryugu using various electron microscope techniques. Our detailed transmission electron microscopy study shows the presence of magnetite with various morphologies coexisting in close proximity. This is characteristic of CI chondrite-like materials and consistent with the mineral assemblages and compositions in the Ryugu parent body. We describe the microstructural characteristics of magnetite with different morphologies, which could have resulted from the chemical conditions (growth vs. diffusion rate) during their formation. Furthermore, we describe the presence of magnetites with a spherulitic structure composed of individual radiating fibers that are characterized by pervasive, homogeneously distributed euhedral to subhedral pores that have not been described in previous chondrite studies. This particular spherulitic structure is consistent with crystallization under nonequilibrium conditions. Additionally, the presence of a high density of defects within the magnetite fibers, the high surface/volume ratio of this morphology, and the presence of amorphous materials in several pores and at the edges of the acicular fibers further support their formation under nonequilibrium conditions. We suggest that the growth processes that lead to this structure result from the solution reaching a supersaturated state, resulting in an adjustment to a lower free energy condition via nucleation and rapid growth.

Published
2023

8. Askival:An altered feldspathic cumulate sample in Gale crater

Author

Donald Lewis Bowden, John C. Bridges, Agnes Cousin, William Rapin, Julia Semprich, Olivier Gasnault, Olivier Forni, Patrick Gasda, Debarati Das, Valerie Payré, Violaine Sautter, Candice C. Bedford, Roger C. Wiens, Patrick Pinet, Jens Frydenvang, School of Physics and Astronomy [Leicester], University of Leicester, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Milton Keynes, UK, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Montréal] (EPS), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Iowa City], University of Iowa [Iowa City], Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), Astromaterials Research and Exploration Science (ARES), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA-NASA, GLOBE Institute, and University of Copenhagen

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract

Askival is a light-toned, coarsely crystalline float rock, which was identified near the base of Vera Rubin Ridge in Gale crater. We have studied Askival, principally with the ChemCam instrument but also using APXS compositional data and MAHLI images. Askival and an earlier identified sample, Bindi, represent two rare examples of feldspathic cumulate float rocks in Gale crater with >65% relict plagioclase. Bindi appears unaltered whereas Askival shows textural and compositional signatures of silicification, along with alkali remobilization and hydration. Askival likely experienced multiple stages of alteration, occurring first through acidic hydrolysis of metal cations, followed by deposition of silica and possible phyllosilicates at low T and neutral-alkaline pH. Through laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy compositional analyses and normative calculations, we suggest that an assemblage of Fe-Mg silicates including amphibole and pyroxene, Fe phases, and possibly Mg-rich phyllosilicate are present. Thermodynamic modeling of the more pristine Bindi composition predicts that amphibole and feldspar are stable within an upper crustal setting. This is consistent with the presence of amphibole in the parent igneous rocks of Askival and suggests that the paucity of amphiboles in other known Martian samples reflects the lack of representative samples of the Martian crust rather than their absence on Mars.

Published
2023

9. A dehydrated space-weathered skin cloaking the hydrated interior of Ryugu

Author

Takaaki Noguchi, Toru Matsumoto, Akira Miyake, Yohei Igami, Mitsutaka Haruta, Hikaru Saito, Satoshi Hata, Yusuke Seto, Masaaki Miyahara, Naotaka Tomioka, Hope A. Ishii, John P. Bradley, Kenta K. Ohtaki, Elena Dobrică, Hugues Leroux, Corentin Le Guillou, Damien Jacob, Francisco de la Peña, Sylvain Laforet, Maya Marinova, Falko Langenhorst, Dennis Harries, Pierre Beck, Thi H. V. Phan, Rolando Rebois, Neyda M. Abreu, Jennifer Gray, Thomas Zega, Pierre-M. Zanetta, Michelle S. Thompson, Rhonda Stroud, Kate Burgess, Brittany A. Cymes, John C. Bridges, Leon Hicks, Martin R. Lee, Luke Daly, Phil A. Bland, Michael E. Zolensky, David R. Frank, James Martinez, Akira Tsuchiyama, Masahiro Yasutake, Junya Matsuno, Shota Okumura, Itaru Mitsukawa, Kentaro Uesugi, Masayuki Uesugi, Akihisa Takeuchi, Mingqi Sun, Satomi Enju, Aki Takigawa, Tatsuhiro Michikami, Tomoki Nakamura, Megumi Matsumoto, Yusuke Nakauchi, Masanao Abe, Masahiko Arakawa, Atsushi Fujii, Masahiko Hayakawa, Naru Hirata, Naoyuki Hirata, Rie Honda, Chikatoshi Honda, Satoshi Hosoda, Yu-ichi Iijima, Hitoshi Ikeda, Masateru Ishiguro, Yoshiaki Ishihara, Takahiro Iwata, Kousuke Kawahara, Shota Kikuchi, Kohei Kitazato, Koji Matsumoto, Moe Matsuoka, Yuya Mimasu, Akira Miura, Tomokatsu Morota, Satoru Nakazawa, Noriyuki Namiki, Hirotomo Noda, Rina Noguchi, Naoko Ogawa, Kazunori Ogawa, Tatsuaki Okada, Chisato Okamoto, Go Ono, Masanobu Ozaki, Takanao Saiki, Naoya Sakatani, Hirotaka Sawada, Hiroki Senshu, Yuri Shimaki, Kei Shirai, Seiji Sugita, Yuto Takei, Hiroshi Takeuchi, Satoshi Tanaka, Eri Tatsumi, Fuyuto Terui, Ryudo Tsukizaki, Koji Wada, Manabu Yamada, Tetsuya Yamada, Yukio Yamamoto, Hajime Yano, Yasuhiro Yokota, Keisuke Yoshihara, Makoto Yoshikawa, Kent Yoshikawa, Ryohta Fukai, Shizuho Furuya, Kentaro Hatakeda, Tasuku Hayashi, Yuya Hitomi, Kazuya Kumagai, Akiko Miyazaki, Aiko Nakato, Masahiro Nishimura, Hiromichi Soejima, Ayako I. Suzuki, Tomohiro Usui, Toru Yada, Daiki Yamamoto, Kasumi Yogata, Miwa Yoshitake, Harold C. Connolly, Dante S. Lauretta, Hisayoshi Yurimoto, Kazuhide Nagashima, Noriyuki Kawasaki, Naoya Sakamoto, Ryuji Okazaki, Hikaru Yabuta, Hiroshi Naraoka, Kanako Sakamoto, Shogo Tachibana, Sei-ichiro Watanabe, Yuichi Tsuda, Université de Lille, CNRS, INRAE, ENSCL, Unité Matériaux et Transformations (UMET) - UMR 8207, Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 [UMET], and Institut Chevreul - FR2638

Subjects
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Abstract

Without a protective atmosphere, space-exposed surfaces of airless Solar System bodies gradually experience an alteration in composition, structure and optical properties through a collective process called space weathering. The return of samples from near-Earth asteroid (162173) Ryugu by Hayabusa2 provides the first opportunity for laboratory study of space-weathering signatures on the most abundant type of inner solar system body: a C-type asteroid, composed of materials largely unchanged since the formation of the Solar System. Weathered Ryugu grains show areas of surface amorphization and partial melting of phyllosilicates, in which reduction from Fe3+ to Fe2+ and dehydration developed. Space weathering probably contributed to dehydration by dehydroxylation of Ryugu surface phyllosilicates that had already lost interlayer water molecules and to weakening of the 2.7 µm hydroxyl (–OH) band in reflectance spectra. For C-type asteroids in general, this indicates that a weak 2.7 µm band can signify space-weathering-induced surface dehydration, rather than bulk volatile loss.

Published
2022

10. An Insight Into Ancient Aeolian Processes and Post‐Noachian Aqueous Alteration in Gale Crater, Mars, Using ChemCam Geochemical Data From the Greenheugh Capping Unit

Author

Candice C. Bedford, Steven G. Banham, John C. Bridges, Olivier Forni, Agnes Cousin, Donald Bowden, Stuart M. R. Turner, Roger C. Wiens, Patrick J. Gasda, Jens Frydenvang, Olivier Gasnault, Kristin Rammelkamp, Frances Rivera‐Hernandez, Elizabeth B. Rampe, Rebecca Smith, Cherie Achilles, Erwin Dehouck, Alexander B. Bryk, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Horton Newsom, Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous)
Abstract

International audience; Aeolian processes have shaped and contributed to the geological record in Gale crater, Mars, long after the fluviolacustrine system existed ∼3 Ga ago. Understanding these aeolian deposits, particularly those which have been lithified and show evidence for aqueous alteration, can help to constrain the environment at their time of deposition and the role of liquid water later in Mars' history. The NASA Curiosity rover investigated a prominent outcrop of aeolian sandstone within the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment as part of its investigation of the Glen Torridon area. In this study, we use geochemical data from ChemCam to constrain the effects of aeolian sedimentary processes, sediment provenance, and diagenesis of the sandstone at the Greenheugh pediment, comparing the Greenheugh data to the results from previous Stimson localities situated 2.5 km north and >200 m lower in elevation. Our results, supported by mineralogical data from CheMin, show that the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment was predominately sourced from an olivine-rich unit that may be present farther up the slopes of Gale crater's central mound. Our results also suggest that the Greenheugh pediment Stimson formation was cemented by surface water runoff such as that which may have formed Gediz Vallis. The lack of alteration features in the Stimson formation at the Greenheugh pediment relative to those of the Emerson and Naukluft plateaus suggests that groundwater was not as available at this locality compared to the others. However, all sites share diagenesis at the unconformity

Published
2022

12. Overview of the Morphology and Chemistry of Diagenetic Features in the Clay-Rich Glen Torridon Unit of Gale Crater, Mars

Author

Patrick J. Gasda, Jade Comellas, Ari Essunfeld, Debarati Das, Alexander B. Bryk, Erwin Dehouck, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Laura Crossey, Kenneth Herkenhoff, Jeffrey R. Johnson, Horton Newsom, Nina L. Lanza, William Rapin, Walter Goetz, Pierre‐Yves Meslin, John C. Bridges, Ryan Anderson, Gael David, Stuart M. R. Turner, Michael T. Thorpe, Linda Kah, Jens Frydenvang, Rachel Kronyak, Gwénaël Caravaca, Ann Ollila, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Matthew Nellessen, Megan Hoffman, Deirdra Fey, Anges Cousin, Roger C. Wiens, Samuel M. Clegg, Sylvestre Maurice, Olivier Gasnault, Dorothea Delapp, Adriana Reyes‐Newell, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max-Planck-Institut für Sonnensystemforschung = Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Leicester, Texas State University, NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Globe Institute, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Malin Space Science Systems (MSSS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Solar System Research (MPS), Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences - Angers (LPG-ANGERS), and Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, Geophysics, ChemCam, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Mars Science Laboratory, Glen Torridon, Gale crater, diagenesis, Gale Crater, Diagenesis
Abstract

International audience; The clay-rich Glen Torridon region of Gale crater, Mars, was explored between sols 2300 and 3007. Here, we analyzed the diagenetic features observed by Curiosity, including veins, cements, nodules, and nodular bedrock, using the ChemCam, Mastcam, and Mars Hand Lens Imager instruments. We discovered many diagenetic features in Glen Torridon, including dark-toned iron- and manganese-rich veins, magnesium- and fluorine-rich linear features, Ca-sulfate cemented bedrock, manganese-rich nodules, and iron-rich strata. We have characterized the chemistry and morphology of these features, which are most widespread in the higher stratigraphic members in Glen Torridon, and exhibit a wide range of chemistries. These discoveries are strong evidence for multiple generations of fluids from multiple chemical endmembers that likely underwent redox reactions to form some of these features. In a few cases, we may be able to use mineralogy and chemistry to constrain formation conditions of the diagenetic features. For example, the dark-toned veins likely formed in warmer, highly alkaline, and highly reducing conditions, while manganese-rich nodules likely formed in oxidizing and circumneutral conditions. We also hypothesize that an initial enrichment of soluble elements, including fluorine, occurred during hydrothermal alteration early in Gale crater history to account for elemental enrichment in nodules and veins. The presence of redox-active elements, including Fe and Mn, and elements required for life, including P and S, in these fluids is strong evidence for habitability of Gale crater groundwater. Hydrothermal alteration also has interesting implications for prebiotic chemistry during the earliest stages of the crater’s evolution and early Mars.

Published
2022

13. Contributors

Author

Masanao Abe, Jérôme Aléon, Alice Aléon-Toppani, Allan Bennett, Lucy Berthoud, Janet Borg, John C. Bridges, Donald E. Brownlee, Rosario Brunetto, Don Burnett, John Robert Brucato, Vincenzo Della Corte, Vinciane Debaille, Fabrizio Dirri, Zahia Djouadi, Heather L. Enos, Ludovic Ferrière, Luigi Folco, Frédéric Foucher, Ian A. Franchi, Akira Fujiwara, Matthieu Gounelle, Monica M. Grady, John Holt, Aurore Hutzler, Eric A. Jerde, Amy Jurewicz, Junichiro Kawaguchi, Dante S. Lauretta, Stefano Leuko, Andrea Longobardo, Jonathan I. Lunine, Yves Marrocchi, Andrea Meneghin, Ernesto Palomba, Anjani T. Polit, Thomas Pottage, Yuqi Qian, Dan Reisenfeld, Petra Rettberg, Heather L. Roper, Alessandra Rotundi, Sara S. Russell, Scott A. Sandford, Caroline L. Smith, Evgeny Slyuta, Shogo Tachibana, Elizabeth J. Tasker, Akira Tsuchiyama, John Vrublevskis, Qian Wang, Qiong Wang, Frances Westall, Roger C. Wiens, Catherine W.V. Wolner, Long Xiao, Makoto Yoshikawa, Jutta Zipfel, and Michael E. Zolensky

Published
2021

15. Mars: new insights and unresolved questions – Corrigendum

Author

Hitesh G. Changela, Elias Chatzitheodoridis, Andre Antunes, David Beaty, Kristian Bouw, John C. Bridges, Klara Anna Capova, Charles S. Cockell, Catharine A. Conley, Ekaterina Dadachova, Tiffany D. Dallas, Stefaan de Mey, Chuanfei Dong, Alex Ellery, Martin Ferus, Bernard Foing, Xiaohui Fu, Kazuhisa Fujita, Yangting Lin, Sohan Jheeta, Leon J. Hicks, Sen Hu, Akos Kereszturi, Alexandros Krassakis, Yang Liu, Juergen Oberst, Joe Michalski, P. M. Ranjith, Teresa Rinaldi, David Rothery, Hector A. Stavrakakis, Laura Selbmann, Rishitosh K. Sinha, Alian Wang, Ken Williford, Zoltan Vaci, Jorge L. Vago, Michael Waltemathe, and John E. Hallsworth

Subjects
Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Space and Planetary Science, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published
2022

16. List of Contributors

Author

John C. Bridges, Frances E.G. Butcher, Stephen M. Clifford, Susan J. Conway, William H. Farrand, Justin Filiberto, Heather B. Franz, Fabrice Gaillard, Ralf Gellert, Leon J. Hicks, Bradley L. Jolliff, Penelope L. King, Andrew H. Knoll, Samuel P. Kounaves, Jérémie Lasue, Paul R. Mahaffy, Nicolas Mangold, Amy C. McAdam, Francis M. McCubbin, Scott M. McLennan, Douglas W. Ming, David W. Mittlefehldt, John F. Mustard, Elizabeth A. Oberlin, Karen Olsson-Francis, Ulrich Ott, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Brad Sutter, Timothy D. Swindle, G. Jeffrey Taylor, Allan H. Treiman, Tomohiro Usui, and Albert S. Yen

Published
2019

17. A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars

Author

J. P. Grotzinger, D. Y. Sumner, L. C. Kah, K. Stack, S. Gupta, L. Edgar, D. Rubin, K. Lewis, J. Schieber, N. Mangold, R. Milliken, P. G. Conrad, D. DesMarais, J. Farmer, K. Siebach, F. Calef, J. Hurowitz, S. M. McLennan, D. Ming, D. Vaniman, J. Crisp, A. Vasavada, K. S. Edgett, M. Malin, D. Blake, R. Gellert, P. Mahaffy, R. C. Wiens, S. Maurice, J. A. Grant, S. Wilson, R. C. Anderson, L. Beegle, R. Arvidson, B. Hallet, R. S. Sletten, M. Rice, J. Bell, J. Griffes, B. Ehlmann, R. B. Anderson, T. F. Bristow, W. E. Dietrich, G. Dromart, J. Eigenbrode, A. Fraeman, C. Hardgrove, K. Herkenhoff, L. Jandura, G. Kocurek, S. Lee, L. A. Leshin, R. Leveille, D. Limonadi, J. Maki, S. McCloskey, M. Meyer, M. Minitti, H. Newsom, D. Oehler, A. Okon, M. Palucis, T. Parker, S. Rowland, M. Schmidt, S. Squyres, A. Steele, E. Stolper, R. Summons, A. Treiman, R. Williams, A. Yingst, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, Nathan Bridges, Jeffrey R. Johnson, David Cremers, Austin Godber, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, Mark Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Peret, Penelope King, Jennifer Blank, Gerald Weigle, Shuai Li, Kevin Robertson, Vivian Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher Edwards, Kenneth Farley, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George Cody, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, Marc Gailhanou, Frances Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez, Muriel Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens-Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez Gómez, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, F. Javier Martín-Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Guillermo Muñoz Caro, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, José Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O’Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Robert Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Julia DeMarines, David Grinspoon, Günther Reitz, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari-Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, Cécile Fabre, James Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, Gale Paulsen, David Bish, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, Claude d’Uston, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Etienne Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Brad Sutter, Michel Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Marion Nachon, Arnaud Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, François Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James Cameron, Sam Clegg, Agnès Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Nina Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, Michael Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Donald Fay, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine Louise French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, Stubbe Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. Darby Dyar, Caleb Fassett, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher McKay, Lora Bleacher, William Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, Daniel Glavin, Daniel Harpold, David K. Martin, Amy McAdam, Alexander Pavlov, Eric Raaen, Michael D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Arik Posner, Mary Voytek, Andrew Aubrey, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, David Brinza, Lance Christensen, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory Flesch, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, Nicole Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juarez, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Paul Douglas Archer, Francis Cucinotta, John H. Jones, Richard V. Morris, Paul Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Martin Fisk, Leon Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, Timothy Cleghorn, Wesley Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, Edward Vicenzi, Mark Bullock, Bent Ehresmann, Victoria Hamilton, Donald Hassler, Joseph Peterson, Scot Rafkin, Cary Zeitlin, Fedor Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, Maxim Litvak, Alexey Malakhov, Igor Mitrofanov, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, Vasily Prokhorov, Anton Sanin, Vladislav Tretyakov, Alexey Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, Michael Wolff, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, Mark Lemmon, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Juan José Blanco Ávalos, Miguel Ramos, Myung-Hee Kim, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan-Peter Muller, Rafael Navarro-González, Ryan Ewing, William Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna Morrison, Onno Kortmann, Amy Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, Bruce Jakosky, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, Susan Louise Svane Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Glynis Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Hannu Savijärvi, Eckart Boehm, Stephan Böttcher, Sönke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, Robert Wimmer-Schweingruber, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, Mehdi Benna, Heather Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, Nilton Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, Ann Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth Nealson, Radu Popa, Jeffrey Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, Inge Loes ten Kate, Daniel Scholes, Susan Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Earth and Planetary Science [UC Berkeley] (EPS), University of California [Berkeley], University of California-University of California, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Department of Earth Science and Technology [Imperial College London], Imperial College London, ASU School of Earth and Space Exploration (SESE), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), US Geological Survey [Santa Cruz], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), Princeton University, Department of Geological Sciences [Bloomington], Indiana University [Bloomington], Indiana University System-Indiana University System, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Geosciences [Stony Brook], Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), State University of New York (SUNY), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, Planetary Science Institute [Tucson] (PSI), Department of Physics [Guelph], University of Guelph, Space Remote Sensing Group (ISR-2), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Earth and Planetary Studies [Washington] (CEPS), Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution-Smithsonian Institution, Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Department of Geological Sciences [Austin], Jackson School of Geosciences (JSG), University of Texas at Austin [Austin]-University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), Canadian Space Agency (CSA), NASA Headquarters, Institute of Meteoritics [Albuquerque] (IOM), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], University of Hawaii, Brock University [Canada], Cornell University [New York], Geophysical Laboratory [Carnegie Institution], Carnegie Institution for Science [Washington], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Lunar and Planetary Institute [Houston] (LPI), GeoRessources, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carnegie Institution for Science, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, and Petrology

Subjects
Geologic Sediments, Salinity, Extraterrestrial Environment, Nitrogen, General Science & Technology, Iron, Curiosity rover, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Astrobiology, MSL Science Team, Exobiology, MSL, Martian, Multidisciplinary, fluvial-lacustrine environments, Biosphere, Water, Phosphorus, Mars Exploration Program, 15. Life on land, Hydrogen-Ion Concentration, Carbon, Oxygen, Planetary science, Bays, 13. Climate action, Rocknest, Sample Analysis at Mars, Sedimentary rock, Oxidation-Reduction, Geology, Sulfur, Hydrogen
Abstract

International audience; The Curiosity rover discovered fine-grained sedimentary rocks, which are inferred to represent an ancient lake and preserve evidence of an environment that would have been suited to support a martian biosphere founded on chemolithoautotrophy. This aqueous environment was characterized by neutral pH, low salinity, and variable redox states of both iron and sulfur species. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus were measured directly as key biogenic elements; by inference, phosphorus is assumed to have been available. The environment probably had a minimum duration of hundreds to tens of thousands of years. These results highlight the biological viability of fluvial-lacustrine environments in the post-Noachian history of Mars.

Published
2014

18. Mars' surface radiation environment measured with the Mars science laboratory's curiosity rover

Author

Donald M. Hassler, Cary Zeitlin, Robert F. Wimmer-Schweingruber, Bent Ehresmann, Scot Rafkin, Jennifer L. Eigenbrode, David E. Brinza, Gerald Weigle, Stephan Böttcher, Eckart Böhm, Soenke Burmeister, Jingnan Guo, Jan Köhler, Cesar Martin, Guenther Reitz, Francis A. Cucinotta, Myung-Hee Kim, David Grinspoon, Mark A. Bullock, Arik Posner, Javier Gómez-Elvira, Ashwin Vasavada, John P. Grotzinger, MSL Science Team, Osku Kemppinen, David Cremers, James F. Bell, Lauren Edgar, Jack Farmer, Austin Godber, Meenakshi Wadhwa, Danika Wellington, Ian McEwan, Claire Newman, Mark Richardson, Antoine Charpentier, Laurent Peret, Penelope King, Jennifer Blank, Mariek Schmidt, Shuai Li, Ralph Milliken, Kevin Robertson, Vivian Sun, Michael Baker, Christopher Edwards, Bethany Ehlmann, Kenneth Farley, Jennifer Griffes, Hayden Miller, Megan Newcombe, Cedric Pilorget, Melissa Rice, Kirsten Siebach, Katie Stack, Edward Stolper, Claude Brunet, Victoria Hipkin, Richard Léveillé, Geneviève Marchand, Pablo Sobrón Sánchez, Laurent Favot, George Cody, Andrew Steele, Lorenzo Flückiger, David Lees, Ara Nefian, Mildred Martin, Marc Gailhanou, Frances Westall, Guy Israël, Christophe Agard, Julien Baroukh, Christophe Donny, Alain Gaboriaud, Philippe Guillemot, Vivian Lafaille, Eric Lorigny, Alexis Paillet, René Pérez, Muriel Saccoccio, Charles Yana, Carlos Armiens‐Aparicio, Javier Caride Rodríguez, Isaías Carrasco Blázquez, Felipe Gómez Gómez, Sebastian Hettrich, Alain Lepinette Malvitte, Mercedes Marín Jiménez, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Javier Martín-Soler, F. Javier Martín-Torres, Antonio Molina Jurado, Luis Mora-Sotomayor, Guillermo Muñoz Caro, Sara Navarro López, Verónica Peinado-González, Jorge Pla-García, José Antonio Rodriguez Manfredi, Julio José Romeral-Planelló, Sara Alejandra Sans Fuentes, Eduardo Sebastian Martinez, Josefina Torres Redondo, Roser Urqui-O'Callaghan, María-Paz Zorzano Mier, Steve Chipera, Jean-Luc Lacour, Patrick Mauchien, Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Heidi Manning, Alberto Fairén, Alexander Hayes, Jonathan Joseph, Steven Squyres, Robert Sullivan, Peter Thomas, Audrey Dupont, Angela Lundberg, Noureddine Melikechi, Alissa Mezzacappa, Thomas Berger, Daniel Matthia, Benito Prats, Evgeny Atlaskin, Maria Genzer, Ari-Matti Harri, Harri Haukka, Henrik Kahanpää, Janne Kauhanen, Mark Paton, Jouni Polkko, Walter Schmidt, Tero Siili, Cécile Fabre, James Wray, Mary Beth Wilhelm, Franck Poitrasson, Kiran Patel, Stephen Gorevan, Stephen Indyk, Gale Paulsen, Sanjeev Gupta, David Bish, Juergen Schieber, Brigitte Gondet, Yves Langevin, Claude Geffroy, David Baratoux, Gilles Berger, Alain Cros, Claude d’Uston, Olivier Forni, Olivier Gasnault, Jérémie Lasue, Qiu-Mei Lee, Sylvestre Maurice, Pierre-Yves Meslin, Etienne Pallier, Yann Parot, Patrick Pinet, Susanne Schröder, Mike Toplis, Éric Lewin, Will Brunner, Ezat Heydari, Cherie Achilles, Dorothy Oehler, Brad Sutter, Michel Cabane, David Coscia, Cyril Szopa, Gilles Dromart, François Robert, Violaine Sautter, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Nicolas Mangold, Marion Nachon, Arnaud Buch, Fabien Stalport, Patrice Coll, Pascaline François, François Raulin, Samuel Teinturier, James Cameron, Sam Clegg, Agnès Cousin, Dorothea DeLapp, Robert Dingler, Ryan Steele Jackson, Stephen Johnstone, Nina Lanza, Cynthia Little, Tony Nelson, Roger C. Wiens, Richard B. Williams, Andrea Jones, Laurel Kirkland, Allan Treiman, Burt Baker, Bruce Cantor, Michael Caplinger, Scott Davis, Brian Duston, Kenneth Edgett, Donald Fay, Craig Hardgrove, David Harker, Paul Herrera, Elsa Jensen, Megan R. Kennedy, Gillian Krezoski, Daniel Krysak, Leslie Lipkaman, Michael Malin, Elaina McCartney, Sean McNair, Brian Nixon, Liliya Posiolova, Michael Ravine, Andrew Salamon, Lee Saper, Kevin Stoiber, Kimberley Supulver, Jason Van Beek, Tessa Van Beek, Robert Zimdar, Katherine Louise French, Karl Iagnemma, Kristen Miller, Roger Summons, Fred Goesmann, Walter Goetz, Stubbe Hviid, Micah Johnson, Matthew Lefavor, Eric Lyness, Elly Breves, M. Darby Dyar, Caleb Fassett, David F. Blake, Thomas Bristow, David DesMarais, Laurence Edwards, Robert Haberle, Tori Hoehler, Jeff Hollingsworth, Melinda Kahre, Leslie Keely, Christopher McKay, Lora Bleacher, William Brinckerhoff, David Choi, Pamela Conrad, Jason P. Dworkin, Melissa Floyd, Caroline Freissinet, James Garvin, Daniel Glavin, Daniel Harpold, Paul Mahaffy, David K. Martin, Amy McAdam, Alexander Pavlov, Eric Raaen, Michael D. Smith, Jennifer Stern, Florence Tan, Melissa Trainer, Michael Meyer, Mary Voytek, Robert C. Anderson, Andrew Aubrey, Luther W. Beegle, Alberto Behar, Diana Blaney, Fred Calef, Lance Christensen, Joy A. Crisp, Lauren DeFlores, Jason Feldman, Sabrina Feldman, Gregory Flesch, Joel Hurowitz, Insoo Jun, Didier Keymeulen, Justin Maki, Michael Mischna, John Michael Morookian, Timothy Parker, Betina Pavri, Marcel Schoppers, Aaron Sengstacken, John J. Simmonds, Nicole Spanovich, Manuel de la Torre Juarez, Christopher R. Webster, Albert Yen, Paul Douglas Archer, John H. Jones, Douglas Ming, Richard V. Morris, Paul Niles, Elizabeth Rampe, Thomas Nolan, Martin Fisk, Leon Radziemski, Bruce Barraclough, Steve Bender, Daniel Berman, Eldar Noe Dobrea, Robert Tokar, David Vaniman, Rebecca M. E. Williams, Aileen Yingst, Kevin Lewis, Laurie Leshin, Timothy Cleghorn, Wesley Huntress, Gérard Manhès, Judy Hudgins, Timothy Olson, Noel Stewart, Philippe Sarrazin, John Grant, Edward Vicenzi, Sharon A. Wilson, Victoria Hamilton, Joseph Peterson, Fedor Fedosov, Dmitry Golovin, Natalya Karpushkina, Alexander Kozyrev, Maxim Litvak, Alexey Malakhov, Igor Mitrofanov, Maxim Mokrousov, Sergey Nikiforov, Vasily Prokhorov, Anton Sanin, Vladislav Tretyakov, Alexey Varenikov, Andrey Vostrukhin, Ruslan Kuzmin, Benton Clark, Michael Wolff, Scott McLennan, Oliver Botta, Darrell Drake, Keri Bean, Mark Lemmon, Susanne P. Schwenzer, Ryan B. Anderson, Kenneth Herkenhoff, Ella Mae Lee, Robert Sucharski, Miguel Ángel de Pablo Hernández, Juan José Blanco Ávalos, Miguel Ramos, Charles Malespin, Ianik Plante, Jan-Peter Muller, Rafael Navarro-González, Ryan Ewing, William Boynton, Robert Downs, Mike Fitzgibbon, Karl Harshman, Shaunna Morrison, William Dietrich, Onno Kortmann, Marisa Palucis, Dawn Y. Sumner, Amy Williams, Günter Lugmair, Michael A. Wilson, David Rubin, Bruce Jakosky, Tonci Balic-Zunic, Jens Frydenvang, Jaqueline Kløvgaard Jensen, Kjartan Kinch, Asmus Koefoed, Morten Bo Madsen, Susan Louise Svane Stipp, Nick Boyd, John L. Campbell, Ralf Gellert, Glynis Perrett, Irina Pradler, Scott VanBommel, Samantha Jacob, Tobias Owen, Scott Rowland, Hannu Savijärvi, César Martín García, Reinhold Mueller-Mellin, John C. Bridges, Timothy McConnochie, Mehdi Benna, Heather Franz, Hannah Bower, Anna Brunner, Hannah Blau, Thomas Boucher, Marco Carmosino, Sushil Atreya, Harvey Elliott, Douglas Halleaux, Nilton Rennó, Michael Wong, Robert Pepin, Beverley Elliott, John Spray, Lucy Thompson, Suzanne Gordon, Horton Newsom, Ann Ollila, Joshua Williams, Paulo Vasconcelos, Jennifer Bentz, Kenneth Nealson, Radu Popa, Linda C. Kah, Jeffrey Moersch, Christopher Tate, Mackenzie Day, Gary Kocurek, Bernard Hallet, Ronald Sletten, Raymond Francis, Emily McCullough, Ed Cloutis, Inge Loes ten Kate, Raymond Arvidson, Abigail Fraeman, Daniel Scholes, Susan Slavney, Thomas Stein, Jennifer Ward, Jeffrey Berger, John E. Moores, NWO-NSO: The role of perchlorates in the preservation of organic compounds on Mars, Petrology, Southwest Research Institute [Boulder] (SwRI), Kiel University, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), German Aerospace Center (DLR), University of Nevada [Reno], Universities Space Research Association (USRA), Denver Museum of Nature and Science, NASA Headquarters, Centro de Astrobiologia [Madrid] (CAB), Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial (INTA)-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), GeoRessources, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre de recherches sur la géologie des matières premières minérales et énergétiques (CREGU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)

Subjects
Extraterrestrial Environment, Surface Properties, Mars, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Cosmic ray, Radiation Dosage, Exploration of Mars, Astrobiology, Martian surface, Exobiology, galactic cosmic rays, solar energetic particles, Mars Science Laboratory’s Curiosity rover, Humans, Organic Chemicals, Particle radiation, Martian, Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD), Multidisciplinary, Mars Exploration Program, Space Flight, Radiation assessment detector, 13. Climate action, Health threat from cosmic rays, Deinococcus, Cosmic Radiation
Abstract

International audience; The Radiation Assessment Detector (RAD) on the Mars Science Laboratory's Curiosity rover began making detailed measurements of the cosmic ray and energetic particle radiation environment on the surface of Mars on 7 August 2012. We report and discuss measurements of the absorbed dose and dose equivalent from galactic cosmic rays and solar energetic particles on the martian surface for similar to 300 days of observations during the current solar maximum. These measurements provide insight into the radiation hazards associated with a human mission to the surface of Mars and provide an anchor point with which to model the subsurface radiation environment, with implications for microbial survival times of any possible extant or past life, as well as for the preservation of potential organic biosignatures of the ancient martian environment.

Published
2014

19. The Illusion of Intimacy : Problems in the World of Online Dating

Author

John C. Bridges and John C. Bridges

Subjects
Intimacy (Psychology), Online dating--United States
Abstract

This book examines online dating from the'inside,'using in-depth interviews with dating website members to reveal—and keenly analyze—what relationships and romance in the 21st century are really like.The members of the current generation of'digital guinea pigs'are true social pioneers as they embrace digital technology to create a new realm of mating, dating, and intimacy in America. Ironically,'digital dating'frequently results in an outcome that is exactly opposite to its participants'intended purposes. The Illusion of Intimacy: Problems in the World of Online Dating is more than a thorough investigation of the realities of modern relationships, many of which begin online—one in five, according to Match.com; the book introduces the reader to some of the natives and industry'users'who make up its clientele. Author John C. Bridges shows how they have adapted to technology to find new interactions, meet new partners, and share new experiences. The research focuses on the dating sites ranked in the top five by actual members of these sites who interviewed with the author to share their personal stories and experiences, all documented by saved emails and text messages.

Published
2012

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results