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A simple to prepare, dry and handle packed bed reactor carrying CsF on CaF2, towards nucleophilic fluorinations in continuous flow, is reported. The reactor also proved adaptable for silyl-ether deprotection and trifluoromethylations with Ruppert's reagent. The study includes reactor stability and scale-up investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the risk of total knee replacement (TKR) following tibia plateau fractures. Secondary the study aims to investigate the risk of knee arthroscopy following tibial plateau fractures., Method: The study was designed as a matched cohort study. All patients who sustained a tibial plateau fracture in Denmark between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2000, were included and followed until December 31, 2015. For each patient with a tibial plateau fracture, 10 matched citizens without a tibial plateau fracture were included as a reference group., Results: 7,950 patients sustained a tibial plateau fracture in Denmark during the study period. The median age of patients was 52.6 (IQR: 32.4-71.5) years. The mean observational period was 13.9 years. 5.7% were treated with a TKR (N = 452), and 2.0% of patients from the reference group were treated with a TKR (N = 1,623). Patients with a tibial plateau fracture had a 3.5 (95%CI: 3.1-3.9) times higher hazard ratio (HR) compared to patients from the reference group. 7.6% of patients with a tibial plateau fracture were treated with a secondary knee arthroscopy (N = 603) and 2.0% of patients from the reference group were treated with a knee arthroscopy (N = 1,565). Patients with a tibial plateau fracture presented with a 5.0 (95%CI: 4.5-5.6)) times higher HR compared to patients in the reference group., Conclusions: Tibial plateau fractures are associated with a 3.5 times increased risk of TKR compared with an age- and gender-matched reference group with a mean follow-up of 13.9 years., (Copyright © 2019 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of marine n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on disease activity, use of analgesics, and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA)., Method: Patients with established PsA (n = 145) were investigated in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. The participants received a supplement of 3 g n-3 PUFA/day or 3 g olive oil/day (control) for 24 weeks. Outcome measures for disease activity, use of analgesics, and leukotriene formation from activated granulocytes were assessed at baseline and at study end., Results: In total, 145 patients were included and 133 completed the study. After 24 weeks, the n-3 PUFA group showed a decrease in Disease Activity Score (DAS28-CRP), 68 tender joint count, enthesitis score, and psoriasis area and severity index, although not significantly different from the controls. There was a significant reduction in non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and paracetamol use compared with controls (p = 0.04). In addition, the participants in the n-3 PUFA group had significantly lower formation of leukotriene B 4 (p = 0.004) from stimulated granulocytes and significantly higher formation of leukotriene B 5 (p < 0.001) compared with controls., Conclusion: The n-3 PUFA-supplemented group showed improvement in outcome measures for disease activity, although the difference between the groups was not statistically significant. However, use of NSAIDs and paracetamol was significantly reduced in the n-3 PUFA group compared to the control group. Finally, there was a significant decrease in leukotriene B 4 formation in the n-3 PUFA group compared with controls.

Objective: To assess methotrexate (MTX) compliance among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients., Methods: Using prescription data, we conducted a 10-year longitudinal study among RA patients who were first-time MTX users. MTX compliance was expressed as the continuous measure of medication gaps (CMG), that is the proportion of treatment gaps compared with the total observation period stratified by age, sex, C-reactive protein (CRP), haemoglobin, co-morbidity, concurrent medication, and disease duration. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of disease activity, disease duration, and co-morbidity on compliance., Results: A total of 941 RA patients redeemed 7501 MTX prescriptions during our study period. Overall, the patients had gaps in 12.3% of the observation period corresponding to a mean period not covered with MTX of 1.5 months/year if all participants were followed for 1 year. Patients with CRP > 32 mg/L had a lower mean CMG than patients with CRP < 8 mg/L [adjusted CMG difference -0.04, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.07 to - 0.02]. Patients with a disease duration < 1 year had a lower mean CMG than patients with a disease duration between 1 and 5 years (adjusted CMG difference 0.01, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.04). Patients with a diagnosis of ulcer/mild liver disease had a higher mean CMG than patients without this diagnosis (adjusted CMG difference 0.04, 95% CI 0.004-0.084)., Conclusion: MTX compliance was generally high among RA patients. Compliance decreased with increasing disease duration, low to moderate disease activity, and the presence of a diagnosis of ulcer/mild liver disease.

The results of a detailed study of the brachiopods of the most complete Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary in Denmark, Nye Klslashed circlev, show an extinction pattern for this marine invertebrate group compatible with that reported for pelagic foraminifera and coccoliths and with the impact scenario. The extinction is abrupt, coinciding with the Maastrichtian-Danian boundary. There is no warning in the form of decreasing density, decreasing diversity, or early extinction of specialized groups. The basal few meters of the Danian are almost devoid of brachiopods, and a Danian brachiopod fauna starts almost as abruptly as the Maastrichtian fauna disappeared. The new fauna is similar to the Maastrichtian as regards density and diversity, and at maximum six species are common to both stages. The northwest European Masstrichtian chalk is composed mainly of the remains of coccoliths and pelagic foraminifera. The mass extinction of these groups led to a total cessation of chalk production. The chalk is overlain by a thin clay bed deposited partly under anoxic conditions. This combination of anoxia and clay deposition coupled with a cessation of productivity led to the extinction of specialized groups such as the chalk brachiopods. The surviving species included forms that could survive in well-aerated shallow marine waters on substrates other than chalk.