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Abstract Background Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic skin condition with varying persistence and intensity. In mild cases, topical therapies usually suffice to prevent flares. However, systemic treatment options may be required in the moderate to severe forms of AD. In the lack of comprehensive real‐world data, exhaustive descriptions of the overall treatment practice of AD are still missing. Objectives The objective of this study was to describe the real‐world treatment patterns of AD in Finland. Further, the study aimed to provide an in‐depth understanding of the treatment of severe AD. Methods This retrospective registry study utilized nationwide data from both primary and secondary healthcare electronic health records. All patients (128,428) with AD diagnosis code or reimbursement for AD medication from 2005 to 2019 were collected. Treatments, switches, persistence and time to next treatment (TTNT) were investigated. Severity of AD was assessed based on registry data. Results The majority of patients (83%) had used at least one treatment for AD during the study time. Irrespective of AD severity, the amounts of reimbursed topicals appeared low (topical calcineurin inhibitors 66 g, topical corticosteroids 110 g and emollients 1 kg per year) when compared to the care recommendations. Most patients with severe AD managed their condition with topical treatment options. Only 7.2% of patients with severe AD purchased systemic medication, of which methotrexate and cyclosporine were the most common options. The TTNT for systemic treatment ranged from several years up to decades, and the median treatment persistence ranged from 4 to 9 months depending on the selected therapy. Conclusions The use of systemic medication was rare in the AD population, and the detected treatment persistence among patients receiving systemic medication was low. The amount of topical treatment use detected in this study suggests potentially suboptimal levels of basic treatment of AD.

The majority of registry studies on atopic dermatitis include only patients and diagnoses from specialized healthcare. The aim of this retrospective, real-world cohort study was to evaluate the effect of atopic dermatitis severity on comorbidities and total morbidity, with comprehensive data from both primary and specialty healthcare registries covering the entire Finnish adult population. In total, 124,038 patients were identified (median age 46 years; 68% female) and stratified by disease severity. All regression analyses (median follow-up 7.0 years) were adjusted at a minimum for age, sex, obesity, and educational level. Compared with mild atopic dermatitis, severe atopic dermatitis was significantly associated with multiple morbidities, including neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders, abscesses, erysipelas/cellulitis, impetigo, herpes zoster, extragenital herpes, bacterial conjunctivitis, septicaemia, lymphomas, alopecia areata, urticaria, other dermatitis, contact allergy, osteoporosis, and intervertebral disc disorders (p

Background Relatlimab plus nivolumab (anti–lymphocyte-activation gene 3 plus anti–programmed death 1 [anti–LAG-3+anti–PD-1]) has been approved by the FDA as a first-line therapy for stage III/IV melanoma, but its detailed effect on the immune system is unknown.Methods We evaluated blood samples from 40 immunotherapy-naive or prior immunotherapy–refractory patients with metastatic melanoma treated with anti–LAG-3+anti–PD-1 in a phase I trial using single-cell RNA and T cell receptor sequencing (scRNA+TCRαβ-Seq) combined with other multiomics profiling.Results The highest LAG3 expression was noted in NK cells, Tregs, and CD8+ T cells, and these cell populations underwent the most significant changes during the treatment. Adaptive NK cells were enriched in responders and underwent profound transcriptomic changes during the therapy, resulting in an active phenotype. LAG3+ Tregs expanded, but based on the transcriptome profile, became metabolically silent during the treatment. Last, higher baseline TCR clonality was observed in responding patients, and their expanding CD8+ T cell clones gained a more cytotoxic and NK-like phenotype.Conclusion Anti–LAG-3+anti–PD-1 therapy has profound effects on NK cells and Tregs in addition to CD8+ T cells.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01968109)Funding Cancer Foundation Finland, Sigrid Juselius Foundation, Signe and Ane Gyllenberg Foundation, Relander Foundation, State funding for university-level health research in Finland, a Helsinki Institute of Life Sciences Fellow grant, Academy of Finland (grant numbers 314442, 311081, 335432, and 335436), and an investigator-initiated research grant from BMS.

Background: : Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases the risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of patients with T2DM and assess their cardiovascular (CV) and renal outcomes as well as survival in a real-life setting in Finland. The study aimed to map the use of diagnostic and monitoring measures in the management of T2DM patients in clinical practice and to assess the proportion of patients that could benefit from SGLT2 inhibitor treatment. Methods: : This retrospective registry study included 29,628 adult T2DM patients gathered from national registries in Finland between 2012 and 2018. Patients were included from primary and specialized care. From all patients, all available health care data, including laboratory results, degree of albuminuria, and eGFR data, was gathered. The occurrence of CV events and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) was assessed using a multivariable Cox proportional hazards model. All-cause and CV deaths were visualized using Kaplan-Meier plots. Results: : Overall, patients were more frequently male (54%), and their mean age was 66 (SD = ±12.4) years. eGFR status was available for 21,889 patients, and among these patients CKD stage 3–5 was observed in 3,945 (13.3%) patients. Data on albuminuria was available in less than half (45.5%) of the cohort. In patients with available urinary albumin measurement, increased albumin excretion was present in 12% of patients with CKD class 1–2, of whom 1.6% had severe albuminuria. Of all comorbidities, atrial fibrillation was independently associated with the risk of CV events and ESKD. Conclusions: : This large real-world study confirms that CV morbidity and mortality are substantial within T2DM patients, and that age, prior kidney function, albuminuria and prior diagnosis of AF were associated with the risk of CV events, including death, and progression to ESKD. Despite guideline recommendations, monitoring and treatment of T2DM was suboptimal leaving patients at risk of inadequate treatment.

Abstract Background A global My Migraine Voice survey was conducted in 31 countries among 11,266 adults who suffered from ≥4 monthly migraine days (MMD). The aim of this retrospective observational survey-based study was to analyse the country specific results in Finland in order to understand the impact of migraine based on disease severity. Methods The included participants (3%, n = 338/11,266) were stratified by mean MMDs into 4 ≤ MMD