10 results on '"Johanna, Nikama"'
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2. Improving coarse-textured mineral soils with pulp and paper mill sludges: Functional considerations at laboratory scale
- Author
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Mari Räty, Maarit Termonen, Helena Soinne, Johanna Nikama, Kimmo Rasa, Mikko Järvinen, Reijo Lappalainen, Harri Auvinen, and Riikka Keskinen
- Subjects
Fertility ,Nitrogen immobilisation ,Soil respiration ,Water retention ,Science - Abstract
Building up the organic matter content of coarse-textured soils with organic amendments seeks to ameliorate the productivity of these soils, which is limited by plant available water and nutrient supply. Wood fibre-based sludges from the pulp and paper industry have potential for soil conditioning. In this study, the effects of three different pulp and paper mill sludges at application rates of 10 and 20 vol-% on water retention, respiration, and nitrogen (N) dynamics were examined in a series of laboratory studies using coarse field soils. Water retention curves comprising 13 matric potentials revealed that the amendments increased total soil porosity and volumetric water content at matric potentials corresponding to macro- and mesopores size range with pore diameters of >30 μm and 30–0.2 μm, respectively. Volumetric water content at field capacity increased by c. 10–30%, depending on the type (fresh, lime-stabilised and fibre sludge) and application rate of the amendment, with no marked change in the water content at the permanent wilting point. This was reflected as a mean increase of 1.9–3.3 mm in the plant available water content relative to the non-amended soils (17 mm), which corresponds to 19–33 m3 per hectare. At most, an increase of 5.5 mm (55 m3 ha−1) in plant available water was achieved by the fibre sludge amendment at an application rate of 20 vol-%. During a 60-day laboratory incubation, c. 30–40% of the carbon (C) added to soil in the sludge materials was respired as carbon dioxide. Additional N accelerated decomposition without increasing total respired C. Decomposition of the amendments in the soil led to a net N immobilisation of roughly 5–10 mg min-N g−1 added C, which occurred mainly during the first two weeks after soil incorporation. Overall, pulp and paper mill sludge amendments may serve to alleviate water shortages during drought in coarse-textured soils, but may generate a transient plant-microbe competition in N uptake.
- Published
- 2023
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3. Feasibility of Nitrogen-Enriched Chars as Circular Fertilizers
- Author
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Johanna Nikama, Janne Kaseva, Riikka Keskinen, and Kimmo Rasa
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Environmental Engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Portable water purification ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,010501 environmental sciences ,engineering.material ,01 natural sciences ,Nitrogen ,Manure ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Environmental chemistry ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,engineering ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Ammonium ,Fertilizer ,Char ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Pyrolysis ,Sludge ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Purpose Charred materials are low in bioavailable nitrogen (N) due to gaseous losses and the formation of recalcitrant structures during pyrolysis. Enriching chars with N from wastewaters offers a possibility to upgrade the agronomic value of the chars and manage the liquids. For assessing the practical feasibility of the approach, more information on the extent of the retention and release of the loaded N is needed. Methods The ammonium-N (NH4-N) retention capacity of chars derived from sewage sludge (SS_A-C), Salix wood (SA), broiler manure (BR) and coal (LG85) was determined via equilibrations in solutions containing 400, 1500 and 5000 mg NH4-N L−1. Plant availability of the loaded N in SS_C, SA and BR was studied in a pot experiment with ryegrass. Results Differences in the total N retention of moist chars were small. The amount of N retained increased with increase in the solution N and was at the highest 2–4 g NH4-N L−1 char. In four consecutive ryegrass harvests, the apparent N recoveries were 67, 47 and 34% for SA, BR and SS_C treatments. No slow release of N was observed. Conclusion Considering crop production, the amounts of N retained within the studied chars in bioavailable form were small. Chars with a higher N retention capacity would be needed for an efficient cascade from water purification to fertilizer use. Graphical Abstract
- Published
- 2021
4. Sään ääri-ilmiöiden aiheuttama stressi näkyy timotein ja nurminadan rehuarvoissa ja kivennäispitoisuuksissa
- Author
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Kirsi Järvenranta, Oiva Niemeläinen, Arja Mustonen, Johanna Nikama, and Perttu Virkajärvi
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Rehuarvot ,kuivuus ,sääolosuhteet ,äärisää ,Timotei ,Nurminata ,märkyys ,Artikkelit ,Nurmi - Abstract
Ilmastonmuutoksen myötä sään ääri-ilmiöt yleistyvät. Hyvinä esimerkkeinä äärisäistä ovat heinäkuun 2021 poikkeuksellinen kuivuus sekä kesän 2017 hyvin viileät kasvuolosuhteet. Sateisuuteen ja lämpötilaan liittyvät sään ääri-ilmiöt aiheuttavat haasteita rehun tuotannossa, rehuarvoissa ja kivennäiskoostumuksessa ja heijastuvat myös eläinten ravitsemukseen ja hyvinvointiin. Sään ääri-ilmiöiden vaikutuksia rehun laatuun tutkittiin Tuotantovarmuutta nurmesta (VarmaNurmi) -hankkeessa. Kasvulämpötilan ja maan kosteuden vaikutusta timotein (Rhonia) ja nurminadan (Klaara) rehuarvoihin sekä ravinnepitoisuuksiin tutkittiin kasvihuoneessa kontrolloiduissa olosuhteissa kasvatusastioissa (4.4 kg maata, rm HtMr, 220 mg l-1 K, 12 mg l-1 P). Vernalisoinnin ja tasausniiton jälkeen kasvustot lannoitettiin (1000 mg N ja 680 mg K/astia/niitto ja 220 mg P/astia kokeen alussa) ja altistettiin sekä ensimmäisessä että jälkisadossa kaksi viikkoa ennen niittoa kolmelle eri lämpötilalle vuorokausirytmillä 18h/6h: 10/2 °C (kylmä), 17/12 °C (normaali) ja 25/17 °C (kuuma) sekä kolmelle kosteudelle, joissa maan vesipitoisuus oli 40 % (kuiva), 50–70 % (optimi) ja 100 % (märkä) kenttäkapasiteetista laskettuna. Kevätsadon osalta kylmäkäsittely jouduttiin poistamaan, koska kylmiöön tuli toimintahäiriö. Molemmissa niitoissa kaikkien astioiden sato korjattiin samaan aikaan. Kivennäisanalyysit tehtiin kuivatuista satonäytteistä. Rehun kivennäistasapainoa kuvaava DCAD-arvo sekä laidunhalvausriskiä ennustava GT-indeksi laskettiin ravinnepitoisuuksien perusteella. Lämpötilan ja maan kosteuden nousu lisäsivät odotetusti kuiva-ainesadon määrää ja heikensivät sulavuutta molemmissa niitoissa kummallakin kasvilla. Kasvuston raakavalkuais (RV) pitoisuus oli kevätsadossa 127–170 g kg-1 ka ja jälkisadossa 174–205 g kg-1 ka, mikä vastaa kentällä tehtyjen kokeiden RV-pitoisuuksia ja osoittaa, että kasvusto ei kärsinyt typen (N) puutteen aiheuttamasta stressistä, vaikka kasvun aiheuttama N-pitoisuuden laimenemisvaikutus oli havaittavissa. Kasvuston stressitasoa kuvaava pelkistävien sokereiden (PeS) pitoisuus laski selvästi molemmissa sadoissa lämpötilan ja maan kosteuden noustessa (jälkisadossa PeS kylmä-kuivassa 213 g kg-1 ka ja kuuma-kosteassa 63 g kg-1 ka). Tulosten perusteella suurin stressitekijä oli kuivuus, vaikka myös kylmyys rajoitti sadonmuodostusta ja nosti PeS -pitoisuutta. Lisääntyvä kosteus suosi selvästi molempien kasvien fosforin (P) ottoa ja vaikutus korostui jälkisadossa, missä erityisesti timotein P-pitoisuus kasvoi suhteessa enemmän kuin ka-sato siirryttäessä optimikosteudesta märkiin olosuhteisiin. Timotein DCAD -arvot olivat keskimäärin nataa alempia ja normaalilämpötila tuotti matalimmat arvot molemmissa sadoissa. GT-indeksi nousi lämpötilan ja maan kosteuden myötä erityisesti timoteillä. Tulosten perusteella voidaan arvioida säästressin vaikutuksia kasvuston laatuun.
- Published
- 2022
5. Metsäteollisuuden kuitulietteiden peltoviljelykäyttö karkeilla kivennäismailla
- Author
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Maarit Termonen, Riikka Keskinen, Johanna Nikama, Kirsi Järvenranta, Helena Soinne, Mikko Järvinen, Kimmo Rasa, Jaana Uusi-Kämppä, Harri Auvinen, Reijo Lappalainen, and Mari Räty
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typpi ,hiili ,satovaikutus ,ohra ,Artikkelit ,nurmi - Abstract
Viimeaikaiset tulokset massa- ja paperiteollisuuden sivuvirroista ja tehtaan jätevesien puhdistusprosesseista syntyvien kuitulietteiden käytöstä maanparannusaineina hienojakoisilla viljelymailla ovat olleet lupaavia. Kuitulietteiden sato-, hiilisyöte- ja maanparannusvaikutusten selvittämiseksi karkeilla kivennäismailla (KHt) perustettiin Biosfääri-hankkeessa (Biosfääri Pohjois-Savo; Biomassan ja biojalostusteknologioiden hyödyntäminen liiketoiminnan kasvattamisessa) Luke Maaningalle kaksivuotinen, lohkoittain satunnaistettu ja neljänä kerranteena toteutettu kenttäkoe. Timotei-nurminatanurmi perustettiin kesäkuussa 2020 suojaviljan alle. Ennen kylvöä kuitulietteet levitettiin maan pintaan (21–28 tuore-t ha-1, liukoinen-N n. 15 kg ha-1, kokonais-P n. 26 kg ha-1) ja äestettiin noin 7 cm:n syvyyteen. Toinen metsäteollisuuden kuitulietteistä oli tyyppinimeltään kalkkistabiloitu puhdistamoliete (kalkkikuitu Kuopio; Fortum Waste Solution Oy; jatkossa maanparannuskuitu A), kun taas toinen oli hygienisoimaton ja tuotteistamaton (Stora Enso Oyj, Varkaus; jatkossa maanparannuskuitu B). Kuitulietteistä otetuissa näytteissä ei todettu salmonellabakteereita ja Escherichia coli -pitoisuudet (
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- 2022
6. Pore structure of wastewater sludge chars and their water retention impacts in different soils
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Mika Turunen, Janne Kaseva, Kimmo Rasa, Riikka Keskinen, Jari Hyväluoma, Aino Reunamo, Johanna Nikama, Tampere University, and BioMediTech
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010401 analytical chemistry ,Soil Science ,04 agricultural and veterinary sciences ,217 Medical engineering ,Raw material ,01 natural sciences ,0104 chemical sciences ,Water retention ,Control and Systems Engineering ,Environmental chemistry ,Soil water ,040103 agronomy & agriculture ,medicine ,0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries ,Environmental science ,Char ,Particle size ,medicine.symptom ,Porous medium ,Porosity ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Food Science ,Shrinkage - Abstract
Feasibility of pyrolysing wastewater sludge for char and energy production is dependent on the usability of the produced sludge char. This study aimed to produce mechanistic information of char impacts on amended porous media by determining (1) pore structure of sludge chars with 3D image analyses and (2) their influence on water retention and shrinkage properties of three contrasting soils. The pore structure of the chars consisted of crevices and large spheres. Their water retention impacts were minor, even though the low-porous char slightly increased porosity in the amended materials in various pore-size ranges. The dominating, though small, impacts were the increase in easily drainable interpores and decrease in smallest pore sizes relevant for plant available water. The char impacts were more visible in fine-than coarse-textured soils. The chars also significantly reduced shrinkage in clay soils. The results were insensitive to sludge feedstock or char particle size. publishedVersion
- Published
- 2021
7. Slow pyrolysis liquid in reducing NH
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Marleena, Hagner, Mari, Räty, Johanna, Nikama, Kimmo, Rasa, Sari, Peltonen, Jouko, Vepsäläinen, and Riikka, Keskinen
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Manure ,Soil ,Ammonia ,Nitrogen ,Animals ,Cattle ,Fertilizers ,Pyrolysis - Abstract
A substantial percentage of manure nitrogen (N) can be lost as gaseous ammonia (NH
- Published
- 2020
8. Slow pyrolysis liquid in reducing NH3 emissions from cattle slurry — Impacts on plant growth and soil organisms
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Mari Räty, Kimmo Rasa, Marleena Hagner, Jouko Vepsäläinen, Johanna Nikama, Sari Peltonen, Riikka Keskinen, Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Fifth Dimension - Vegetated roofs and walls in urban areas, and Urban Ecosystems
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inorganic chemicals ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,FIELD-APPLIED MANURE ,010501 environmental sciences ,Acetic acid ,CHEMICAL-COMPOSITION ,01 natural sciences ,Acidification ,Soil respiration ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,ANIMAL SLURRY ,Environmental Chemistry ,HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION ,MINERALIZATION ,Waste Management and Disposal ,1172 Environmental sciences ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,2. Zero hunger ,Chemistry ,Sulfuric acid ,Mineralization (soil science) ,15. Life on land ,Ammonia volatilization from urea ,Pollution ,Manure ,6. Clean water ,NITROGEN ,WOOD VINEGAR ,Germination ,Environmental chemistry ,Carbon dioxide ,Pyroligneous acid ,SEPARATION ,Slurry ,Phytotoxicity ,Grass ley ,AMMONIA VOLATILIZATION - Abstract
A substantial percentage of manure nitrogen (N) can be lost as gaseous ammonia (NH3) during storage and field spreading. Lowering slurry pH is a simple and accepted method for preserving its N. Efficiency of slow pyrolysis liquid (PL) produced from birch (Betula sp.) as an acidifying agent, and its ability to reduce NH3 emissions following surface application of cattle slurry, was studied in a field experiment. Untreated slurry (US) and slurries acidified with PL and sulfuric acid (SA) were applied to the second harvest of a grass ley. Immediate NH3 emissions, grass biomass, N-yield and possible toxic impacts on soil nematodes and enchytraeids were examined. Furthermore, the effects on soil respiration, nitrogen dynamics and seed germination were studied in subsequent laboratory experiments. In the field, over one third of the water-extractable ammonium-N (NH4-N) applied was lost through NH3 volatilization from US. SA and PL acidified slurries reduced NH3-N emission rate equally from 3.4 to
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- 2021
9. Fate of faecal indicator organisms and bacterial diversity dynamics in a series of continuously fed aerated tank reactors treating dairy manure
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Johanna Nikama, Anni Alitalo, and Erkki Aura
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2. Zero hunger ,Indicator organism ,Environmental Engineering ,biology ,Firmicutes ,Liquid manure ,Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law ,biology.organism_classification ,Manure ,6. Clean water ,Microbiology ,Gemmatimonadetes ,Food science ,Proteobacteria ,Microbial inoculant ,Nature and Landscape Conservation ,Acidobacteria - Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the fate of faecal indicator organisms and to characterize microbial diversity dynamics in dairy manure and in aerated liquid manure in different treatment reactors in a series of continuously fed aerated tank reactors using low intensity aeration and ammonia-reduced feedback. The bacterial diversity in the treatment reactors was also compared with that in the soil from which the process inoculant originated. The fate of enteric indicator organisms was studied by the enumeration of viable counts. Total bacterial community DNA was extracted, amplified using 16S rRNA primers, cloned, sequenced and identified by comparison to known sequences. At best over 90% reduction was observed in the numbers of enteric indicator organisms. However, the result obtained varied depending on treatment run and indicator organism. Firmicutes were the dominating phyla of the untreated slurry; whereas; Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus dominated in the treatment tanks. Soil had the broadest phylogenetic diversity: the major phylums were Acidobacteria, Proteobacteri and Gemmatimonadetes. At the genus level, raw manure and treatment tanks shared a number of sequences. Soil, the origin of the inoculant, and treatment tanks did not share any sequence at the genus level, although some was observed at the family level.
- Published
- 2015
10. Recycling nutrients from horse manure: effects of bedding type and its compostability
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Marianna Myllymäki, Tapio Salo, Riikka Keskinen, Susanna Särkijärvi, Markku Saastamoinen, Johanna Nikama, and Jaana Uusi-Kämppä
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Nutrient cycle ,Bedding ,020209 energy ,lcsh:S ,nutrient cycling ,Articles ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,lcsh:S1-972 ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,Manure ,bedding material ,lcsh:Agriculture ,Nutrient ,Agronomy ,Bedding Material ,composting ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,horse manure ,Environmental science ,lcsh:Agriculture (General) ,Cycling ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Food Science - Abstract
Manure constitutes a nutrient resource that should be efficiently recycled in agriculture. We assessed the nutrient cycling properties of three bedding materials (peat, wood shavings and pelleted straw) in horse manure by comparing their compostability, ability to retain nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) under rainfall and capacity to release N when mixed with soil. Manure with pelleted straw bedding had superior composting characteristics as it lost half of its dry mass, reached temperatures >60 °C and ended up having a carbon (C) to N (C:N) ratio of
- Published
- 2017
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