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Objectives The ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) patient-reported outcome (AAV-PRO) questionnaire was developed to capture the impact of AAV and its treatment. We investigated the association of specific AAV-PRO domains with disease activity and extent, damage, depression, health-related quality of life and treatment. Methods In a prospective longitudinal study AAV-PRO, Beck’s depression inventory (BDI), Short Form 36 (SF36), BVAS and Vasculitis Damage Index (VDI) were completed at baseline (t1) and after 3–6 months (t2). In addition, patient data including diagnosis, therapies, relapses, and organ manifestations were recorded. Data were analyzed by t-tests and correlation-based regression analyses. Results 156 patients with AAV participated. The mean BVAS at the time of enrolment was 1.4 ± 3.74. Median AAV-PRO domain scores were higher in patients reporting “active disease” compared with patients reporting “in remission” (p< 0.001). In the correlation analyses all AAV-PRO domain scores correlated strongly with the BDI (all r ≥ 0.319, all p≤ 0.001) as well as all eight SF36 subdomains (all |r|≥0.267, all p≤ 0.001). The regression analyses showed that AAV-PRO domains were strongly predicted by BDI and SF36 domains (|β|≥0.240 for the strongest predictor of each domain). In the longitudinal comparison (t1/t2) there were no significant changes of the overall results. Conclusion Our data show convergent validity of all AAV-PRO subdomains with the established questionnaires BDI and SF-36. The AAV-PRO domains scores were not correlated with clinician derived instruments including the BVAS and VDI. Thus, we regard the AAV-PRO as a valuable addition that might complement traditional endpoints in clinical trials.

Background Deep learning (DL)-based MRI reconstructions can reduce examination times for turbo spin-echo (TSE) acquisitions. Studies that prospectively employ DL-based reconstructions of rapidly acquired, undersampled spine MRI are needed. Purpose To investigate the diagnostic interchangeability of an unrolled DL-reconstructed TSE (hereafter, TSE

[18F]FDG PET/MRI was shown to have limited sensitivity for N-staging in FIGO I/II cervical carcinoma. Therefore, this prospective study aimed to investigate the additional value of multiparametric dual-time-point PET/MRI and to assess potential influencing factors for lymph node metastasis (LNM) detection. A total of 63 patients underwent whole-body dual-time-point [18F]FDG PET/MRI 60 + 90 min p.i., and 251 LN were evaluated visually, quantified multiparametrically, and correlated with histology. Grading of the primary tumor (G2/G3) had a significant impact on visual detection (sens: 8.3%/31%). The best single parameter for LNM detection was SUVavg, however, with a significant loss of discriminatory power in G2 vs. G3 tumors (AUC: 0.673/0.901). The independent predictors SUVavg, ∆SUVpeak, LN sphericity, ADC, and histologic grade were included in the logistic-regression-based malignancy score (MS) for multiparametric analysis. Application of MS enhanced AUCs, especially in G2 tumors (AUC: G2:0.769; G3:0.877) and improved the accuracy for single LNM from 34.5% to 55.5% compared with the best univariate parameter SUVavg. Compared with visual analysis, the use of the malignancy score increased the overall sensitivity from 31.0% to 79.3% (Youden optimum) with a moderate decrease in specificity from 98.3% to 75.6%. These findings indicate that multiparametric evaluation of dual-time-point PET/MRI has the potential to improve accuracy compared with visual interpretation and enables sufficient N-staging also in G2 cervical carcinoma.

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Purpose:[18F]FDG PET/MRI comes with limited sensitivity for initial detection of lymph node metastases (LNM) in early stage cervical carcinoma. Therefore, the aim of this prospective study was to investigate the additional value of multiparametric dual-time-point PET/MRI and to asses potential influencing factors for LNM detection.Methods: 63 patients underwent whole-body dual-time-point [18F]FDG-PET/MRI ≈60+90min p.i. (Biograph mMR®, Siemens Healthineers). 251 LN were evaluated visually by nuclear medicine and radiology expert, quantified multiparametrically and were correlated with histology. Multiparametric analysis was performed using a logistic regression-based malignancy score (MS).Results:Overall prevalence of LNM was 17.1% and dependent on tumor grade (Gx 1/6, G1:0/19, G2:18/106, G3:24/120). Grading of the primary tumor (G2/G3) had a significant impact on visual detection (sens: 8.3%/31%).Best single parameter for LNM detection was SUVavg, however with a significant loss of discriminatory power in G2 vs. G3 tumors (AUC: 0.673/ 0.901). For multiparametric analysis, the independent predictors “SUVavg, ∆SUVpeak (60 to 90 min p.i.), LN sphericity, ADC and histologic grade” were included in the MS. Application of the MS enhanced AUCs especially in G2 tumors (AUC: G2:0.769; G3:0.877) and improved accuracy for single LNM from 34.5% to 55.5% compared to the best univariate parameter SUVavg.Equated to the expert consensus, use of the malignancy score increased overall sensitivity from 31.0% to 79.3% (Youden optimum) with a moderate decrease in specificity from 98.3% to 75.6%.Conclusion:Low histologic grad (G2 vs. G3) hampers visual detectability of LNM in [18F]FDG-PET/MRI. Multiparametric evaluation of dual-time-point PET/MRI has the potential to improve accuracy compared to visual interpretation and enables sufficient N-staging also in G2 tumors.Trial registration:DRKS00014346. Registered April 4, 2018 - retrospectively registered,https://www.drks.de/drks_web/navigate.do?navigationId=trial.HTML&TRIAL_ID=DRKS00014346

BACKGROUND Cigarette smoking (CS) is the most common method of consuming tobacco. Deleterious effects on bone integrity, increased incidence of fractures, and delayed fracture healing are all associated with CS. Over 150 of the 6500 molecular species contained in cigarette smoke and identified as toxic compounds are inhaled by CS and, via the bloodstream, reach the skeletal system. New technologies designed to develop a reduced-risk alternative for smokers are based on electronic nicotine delivery systems, such as e-cigarettes and tobacco heating systems (THS). THS are designed to heat tobacco instead of burning it, thereby reducing the levels of harmful toxic compounds released. AIM To examine the effects of THS on osteoprogenitor cell viability and function compared to conventional CS. METHODS Human immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (n = 3) and primary human pre-osteoblasts isolated from cancellous bone samples from BG Unfall Klinik Tübingen (n = 5) were osteogenically differentiated in vitro with aqueous extracts generated from either the THS 2.4 “IQOS” or conventional “Marlboro” cigarettes for up to 21 d. Cell viability was analyzed using resazurin conversion assay (mitochondrial activity) and calcein-AM staining (esterase activity). Osteogenic differentiation and bone cell function were evaluated using alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity, while matrix formation was analyzed through alizarin red staining. Primary cilia structure was examined by acetylated α-tubulin immunofluorescent staining. Free radical production was evaluated with 2’,7’-dichlorofluorescein-diacetate assay. RESULTS Our data clearly show that THS is significantly less toxic to bone cells than CS when analyzed by mitochondrial and esterase activity (P < 0.001). No significant differences in cytotoxicity between the diverse flavors of THS were observed. Harmful effects from THS on bone cell function were observed only at very high, non-physiological concentrations. In contrast, extracts from conventional cigarettes significantly reduced the AP activity (by two-fold) and matrix mineralization (four-fold) at low concentrations. Additionally, morphologic analysis of primary cilia revealed no significant changes in the length of the organelle involved in osteogenesis of osteoprogenitor cells, nor in the number of ciliated cells following THS treatment. Assessment of free radical production demonstrated that THS induced significantly less oxidative stress than conventional CS in osteoprogenitor cells. CONCLUSION THS was significantly less harmful to osteoprogenitor cells during osteogenesis than conventional CS. Additional studies are required to confirm whether THS is a better alternative for smokers to improve delays in bone healing following fracture.

Background: Temporary extracorporeal life support (ECLS) by venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is an emerging therapy for patients with severe, ongoing cardiogenic shock. After stabilization of the hemodynamic status and end-organ function, sedation weaning, extubation, and noninvasive ventilation (NIV) can be attempted. The goal of this study was to analyze the feasibility of extubation and NIV during versus after ECLS for cardiogenic shock. Methods: Single-center retrospective observational study of 132 patients undergoing ECLS due to severe cardiogenic shock between January 2015 and December 2016 at a tertiary care university hospital. Results: Patients received ECLS due to acute myocardial infarction (20.6%), ongoing cardiogenic shock (15.2%), postoperative low-cardiac-output syndrome (24.2%), and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (40.2%). Overall, intensive care unit survival was 44.7%. Sixty-nine (52.3%) patients could never be extubated. Forty-three (32.6%) were extubated while on ECLS support (group 1) and 20 (15.1%) were extubated after weaning from ECLS (group 2). Patients extubated during ECLS had a significantly shorter total time on ventilator ( P = .003, mean difference: −284 hours [95% confidence limits: −83 to −484]) and more invasive ventilation free days ( P = .0018; mean difference 8 days [95%CL: 2-14]). Mortality and NIV failure rates were similar between groups. Conclusions: Extubation and NIV are feasible in patients who stabilize during ECLS therapy. Further studies need to address whether extubation has the potential to improve patients outcome or if the feasibility to extubate is a surrogate for disease severeness.

Evaluation of machine learning-based fully automated artery-specific coronary artery calcium (CAC) scoring software, using semi-automated software as a reference.A total of 505 patients underwent non-contrast-enhanced calcium scoring computed tomography (CSCT). Automated, machine learning-based software quantified the Agatston score (AS), volume score (VS), and mass score (MS) of each coronary artery [right coronary artery (RCA), left main (LM), circumflex (CX) and left anterior descending (LAD)]. Identified CAC of readers who annotated the data with semi-automated software served as a reference standard. Statistics included comparisons of evaluation time, agreement of identified CAC, and comparisons of the AS, VS, and MS of the reference standard and the fully automated algorithm.The machine learning-based software correlated strongly with the reference standard for the AS, VS, and MS (Spearman's rho 0.969) (p 0.001), with excellent agreement (ICC 0.919) (p 0.001). The mean assessment time of the reference standard was 59 seconds (IQR 39-140) and that of the automated algorithm was 5.9 seconds (IQR 3.9-16) (p 0.001). The Bland-Altman plots mean difference and 1.96 upper and lower limits of agreement for all arteries combined were: AS 0.996 (1.33 to 0.74), VS 0.995 (1.40 to 0.71), and MS 0.995 (1.35 to 0.74). The mean bias was minimal: 0.964-1.0429. Risk class assignment showed high accuracy for the AS in total (weighed κ = 0.99) and for each individual artery (κ = 0.96-0.99) with corresponding correct risk group assignment in 497 of 505 patients (98.4 %).The fully automated artery-specific coronary calcium scoring algorithm is a time-saving procedure and shows excellent correlation and agreement compared with the clinically established semi-automated approach.· Very high correlation and agreement between fully automatic and semi-automatic calcium scoring software.. · Less time-consuming than conventional semi-automatic methods.. · Excellent tool for artery-specific calcium scoring in a clinical setting..· Winkelmann MT, Jacoby J, Schwemmer C et al. Fully Automated Artery-Specific Calcium Scoring Based on Machine Learning in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2022; 194: 763 - 770.ZIEL: Evaluierung einer auf maschinellem Lernen basierenden vollautomatischen arterienspezifischen Software zur Bewertung des Koronarkalkes (CAC), unter Verwendung einer halbautomatischen Software als Referenz.Bei insgesamt 505 Patienten wurde eine nicht kontrastverstärkte Calcium-Scoring-Computertomografie (CSCT) durchgeführt. Eine automatisierte, auf Machine Learning basierende Software quantifizierte den Agatston-Score (AS), Volumen-Score (VS) und Massen-Score (MS) jeder Koronararterie (rechte Koronararterie [RCA], linke Koronararterie [LM], Ramus circumflexus [CX] und Ramus interventricularis anterior [LAD]). Ermittelte CAC der Reader, die die Daten mit einer halbautomatischen Software annotierten, dienten als Referenzstandard. Die Statistik umfasste Vergleiche der Auswertungszeit, Übereinstimmung der identifizierten CAC sowie Vergleiche von AS, VS und MS des Referenzstandards und vollautomatischen Algorithmus.Die auf maschinellem Lernen basierende Software korrelierte stark mit dem Referenzstandard für AS, VS und MS (Spearmanʼs rho 0,969) (p 0,001), mit hervorragender Übereinstimmung (ICC 0,919) (p 0,001). Die mittlere Bewertungszeit des Referenzstandards betrug 59 s (IQR 39–140) und die des automatischen Algorithmus 5,9 s (IQR 3,9–16) (p 0,001). Die mittlere Differenz der Bland-Altman-Plots und die bei 1.96 × Standardabweichung definierten oberen und unteren Grenzen der Übereinstimmung für alle Arterien zusammen betrugen: AS 0,996 (1,33 bis 0,74), VS 0,995 (1,40 bis 0,71), und MS 0,995 (1,35 bis 0,74). Der mittlere Bias war minimal: 0,964–1,0429. Die Risikoklassenzuordnung zeigte eine hohe Genauigkeit für den AS in Summe (gewichtetes κ = 0,99) und für jede Arterie (κ = 0,96–0,99) mit entsprechender korrekter Risikogruppenzuordnung bei 497 von 505 Patienten (98,4 %).Der vollautomatische arterienspezifische Koronarkalk-Scoring-Algorithmus ist ein zeitsparendes Verfahren und zeigt eine hervorragende Korrelation und Übereinstimmung mit dem klinisch etablierten halbautomatischen Ansatz.· Sehr hohe Korrelation und Übereinstimmung zwischen vollautomatischer und halbautomatischer Kalziumbewertungssoftware.. · Weniger zeitaufwendig als herkömmliche halbautomatische Verfahren.. · Hervorragendes Instrument zur arterienspezifischen Kalziumbestimmung im klinischen Alltag..

Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity are among the most serious health challenges today. Structured weight reduction programs can be helpful to reduce severe health consequences but evidence is partly scarce. The STARKIDS program aims to improve on some of these limitations and is designed to be a structured, stepwise, digitally supported intervention program for the whole family. It is divided into two intervention steps spanning over 1.5 years and aims at promoting a healthy weight development of children/adolescents with overweight/obesity and an increase in quality of life.The STARKIDS intervention is evaluated in a cluster-randomized study design by comparing it with a control group receiving a one-time structured counselling in the pediatric practice. The study aims to include 1000 families with children/adolescents with overweight/obesity from 100 pediatric practices. The main outcomes are reduction in body mass index percentiles and improvements in children's/adolescent's quality of life, secondary outcomes refer to the contents of the intervention such as diet, physical activity, stress, and media habits. All outcomes are measured on three measurement time points: (T0) at baseline/inclusion in the study, (T1) baseline + 12 months which is the end of step 1 of the STARKIDS intervention, and (T2) baseline + 18 months which is the end of step 2 of the STARKIDS intervention.The stepwise, e-health-supported STARKIDS program is a low-threshold intervention program for families with children/adolescents with overweight/obesity. With the proof of concept, STARKIDS provides the potential to be implemented as a standard care tool for the prevention and intervention of childhood/adolescence obesity in the German health system.German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) DRKS00022813 (acknowledged primary register of the World Health Organization). Registered on 27 November 2020 (Universal Trial Number U1111-1254-9536).

The aim of this study was to present recent epidemiological data on extremity and axial skeletal fractures in German hospitals and to compare them with older data to detect time trends. Inpatient data from the German National Hospital Discharge Registry were used. The absolute number and age-standardized incidence of fractures in 2002 and 2018 were analysed by fracture location according to the International Classification of Disease. Data were analysed according to age group. Male: female ratios (MFRs) and incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were calculated to compare the 2018 and 2002 data. The absolute number of fractures of the nine analysed locations was 15.2% higher in 2018 than in 2002. By fracture location, the changes were as follows (absolute change + IRR): “neck” (S12): + 172%, IRR = 2.6; “rib(s), sternum, thoracic spine” (S22): + 57%, IRR = 1.3; “lumbar spine and pelvis” (S32): + 66%, IRR = 1.3; “shoulder and upper arm” (S42): + 36%, IRR = 1.2; “forearm” (S52): + 13%, IRR = 1.0; “wrist and hand level” (S62): − 32%, IRR = 0.7; “femur” (S72): + 24%, IRR = 0.9; “lower leg, including ankle” (S82): − 24%, IRR = 0.7; “foot, except ankle” (S92): − 4%, IRR = 0.9. The overall MFR changed from 0.7 in 2002 to 0.6 in 2018. The age group of 45–54 years represented a turning point, males were more often affected than females in the younger age groups, and the opposite trend was observed in the older age groups. The increase in the absolute fracture rates was due to increased rates of femur, shoulder, upper arm, forearm, and axial skeletal fractures, with elderly women being the main contributors. Femur fractures were found to be the most common fractures treated in German hospitals.

The tibial nutrient artery (TNA) is the major diaphyseal artery of the tibia supplying two thirds of the inner osseous cortex. Hence, iatrogenic injury of the TNA endangers the integrity of the tibial blood supply and may compromise fracture healing. The incidence of its injury in the setting of external fixation for lower limb fractures has not been previously investigated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of TNA injury in the context of external fixation and to characterize the topography of the fixator pins in relation to the TNA canal (TNAC). Patients who underwent external fixation for distal femoral fractures and for tibial (proximal, shaft, and distal) fractures and had a postoperative computed tomography study were retrospectively included. The following parameters were retrieved: 1) Pin characteristics (orientation and cortical position of the pins), 2) The anatomic relationship between the TNAC and external fixation pin (topography above/below and at the level of the TNAC, and the distance between the pin and medial tibial plateau and/or the medial malleolus), and 3) The incidence of TNAC injury (complete/partial disruption of TNA lumen). A total of 105 patients with 214 tibial pins were analyzed. In 27 patients (26%), the TNAC was completely injured by the pins of the external fixator. In 13 patients (12%), the TNAC was partially injured. Of the 214 analyzed pins, 85 pins (40%) were located at the level of the TNAC (the TNAC and the pin are seen on the same axial slice). Most pins that were applied at the level of the TNAC belonged to a knee-bridging external fixator. Of those, ninety-three percent of the pins were anteromedially applied according to published surgical guidelines. Six percent of the pins were applied through the tibial crest and 1% anterolaterally. Of those 85 pins, 42 pins (49%) injured the TNAC at least partially. Based on the analyzed pins and the incidence of partial and complete injury of the TNAC, we observed that the tibial segment at which the tibial nutrient artery is endangered was located approximately (95% CI: 13–15 cm) from the medial tibia plateau and (95% CI: 22–25 cm) from the medial malleolus. Thus, TNAC injury by external fixation pins in the context of lower limb fractures can be considered common. Almost half of the pins applied at the middle third of the tibia injured the TNA, despite adherence to published surgical guidelines for external fixation. When possible, pin application at the middle third of tibia should be avoided to circumvent iatrogenic injury of the TNA and to safeguard tibial blood supply.

Making good decisions as a group requires the consideration of information exchanged during a discussion, but individuals' evaluation bias (i.e., discounting of information contradicting and appreciation of information supporting members' initial preference) works against that. The current research studied motivational preconditions of this bias. It was predicted that pursuing individual goals (e.g., making a good impression or a good decision as an individual after a group discussion) in a prevention focus leads to a stronger evaluation bias than pursuing the same type of goals in a promotion focus or pursuing the goal to perform well as a group with either a promotion or a prevention focus. Four experiments supported this prediction and demonstrated that the evaluation bias is indeed associated with lower memory for critical information and lower decision quality. Hence, group goals are crucial for group decision performance — in particular in contexts inducing a prevention focus (e.g., when security is at stake).

Hypotheses about psychological processes are often tested using traditional mediation analysis. This analysis relies on measurement of a transmitting variable. Conducting this analysis has become almost synonymous with examining process hypotheses. An alternative strategy to mediation analysis (the Testing-a-Process-hypothesis-by-an-Interaction Strategy, TPIS) is illustrated here. TPIS is based on a fully experimental design whereby a hypothesized process is tested by an interaction between the hypothesized cause of an effect and a contextual variable. In the interaction term, the contextual variable allows comparison of the causal effect observed when the process is uninterrupted to the effect observed when the process is interrupted. Thus, TPIS translates a theoretical process hypothesis into a statistical interaction hypothesis that uses a fully experimental design to directly examine the hypothesized process. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Following realistic group-conflict theory, negative interdependence between groups (e.g., competition) leads to prejudice towards the opposing outgroup. Based on research on mindset priming, it is hypothesized that competition increases prejudice, regardless of whether the derogated outgroup is involved in the competition or not. In Experiment 1, participants remembered an event involving either competition or cooperation; in Experiments 2 and 3 they participated in a competitive, cooperative, or individual assessment of their knowledge. Subsequent measures indicated that competition results in higher levels of prejudice, even when it is not related to the intergroup context. Additional evidence suggests that this effect is not driven by the transfer of negative affect or ego-depletion. Possible underlying cognitive processes are discussed.

Es war gegen Ubend in der Mitte des Januar 1860, als Simon vom Mufeum (dem Zurider Lesekabinet) nach haufe kommend, ziemlich erregt fagte: „Jch habe vor einigen Stunden die Rede des Prinz—Regenten bei Froffnung der Rammern gelesen.Er Kundet die heeres—organisation an, ganz in der Urt, wie ichs vorausgesehen.

Am 26. Oktober 1858 hatte der Pring von Preusen die Regentschaft ubernommen. Die demokratische Partei, die seit dem Jahre 1849 von jeder staatlichen Wirksamkit sich fern gehalten, betrat aufs Neue den polititschen Kampfplatz. Alle Blicke richteten sich wiederum auf Preusen, und allgemein wurde die Ertheilung einer Amnestie erwartet.

In keiner der acht preusischen Provinzen durfte die Nachricht der franzosischen Februar-Revolution so erregte Gemuther vorgefunden haben, wie in der Provinz Schlesien. Abgesehen von anderen Umstanden hatte die fruher erwahnte Landeskalamitat*) naturgemas die Nachststehenden am tiefsten getroffen. Und so empfand man’s auch in Schlesien doppelt, inmitten einer sturmbewegten Zeit den standischen Ausschus in Berlin ruhig und sorglos forttagen zu sehen. Die Herren beriethen den neuen Strafgesetz-Entwurf, der vom Volke schon deshalb verurtheilt wurde, weil er auf politische Bergehen entehrende Strafen setze. Erst am 6. Marz 1848 wurde der Ausschus, und zwar ohne irgend ein Zugestandnis von Seiten der Regierung, — entlassen.

„Ich hatte Audienz beim Justizminister und nahm Veranlassung, ihm reinen Wein einzuschenken uber die neuvorpommerschen Gerichs- und sonstigen Verhaltnisse. Der dortige Zustand sei eigentlich ein entsetzlicher zu nennen. Der Neuvorpommer sei aufs hochste unzufrieden mit dem Gouvernement, und er habe ein Recht dazu. Als die Provinz preusisch wurde, befand sich Alles in einem Zustande der Verknocherung und Versteinerung, von der man keinen Begriff hat. Seit 200 Jahren war von einem Fortschreiten nich die Rede gewesen; der Prozes beispielsweise stand mit geringfugigen Modificationen auf der Stufe, auf die ihn Mevius 1653 durch die von ihm entworfenen Ordnungen gestellt. Alles untergegangen in Formen. Das Zunftwesen hatte sich dort in einer Weise entwickelt und besteht in dieser uoch fort, wie wohl kaum gegenwarting irgendwo in Deutschland. Gesetze, welche auf die Kultur und die Gewerbthatigkeit des sechszehnten Jahrhunderts berechnet waren, sollen durchaus fur die jetzigen passend sein. Als die seidenen Hute (beispielsweise) aufkamen, und ein Kaufmann deren kommen lies, strengte ein Hutmacher einen Prozes gegen ihn an, weil es Hute seien; es wurde opponirt, das es Pappe mit seidenem Felbel sei, also Material, das dem Hutmacher ganz fremd.

Simons Privatverhaltnisse hatten sich in Breslau ganz nach seinen Wunschen gestaltet Er bewohnte damals drei eben so bequem wie geschmackvoll eingerichtete Zimmer in dem Hause des Partikulier Wittich.

So oft Simon im Laufe des Jahres 1827 und 28 von Brandenburg zum Besuch nach Berlin gekommen, begluckte er dadurch den Onkel, dem er recht eigentlich wie ein Lieblingssohn nahe stand; ja derselbe war dann unzertrennlich von ihm und bei geselligen Anlassen nur vergnugt, wenn der Neffe sich entschlos, ihn zu begleiten. Dadurch war dieser unter den naheren Freunden des Hauses ein bekannter und um seiner Personlichkeit willen lieber Gast geworden; so auch bei einem der liebenswurdigsten und genialsten Manner des betreffenden Kreises, Justizrath Bode, dessen bedeutend jungerer Bruder ein College Simons in Brandenburg war.

Simon follte nicht lange in dem ungetrubten Befitz des ihm io werth gewordenen Gutchens bleiben. Der diplomatiche Druf, den die Grosmachte im Jahre 1851 besonders starf auf die Schweiz ausubten, blieb nicht uhne Wirkung.

Simon setzte den Hauptwerth der Arbeit des „Funfmanner-Werkes”, der von ihm und v. Ronne herausgegebenen „Verfassung und Verwaltung des preusischen Staates”, seines „Preusischen Staatsrechtes” u. s. w. nicht in deren wissenschaftlichen Gehalt, sondern in ihren praktischen Nutzen. Rechtskenntnis auch in weiteren Kreisen zu verbreiten, das Rechtsbewustsein im Volke zu starken, das war der sittliche und politische der ihm bei allen biesen Arbeiten vorleuchtete. „Nur ein Volk, das seine Rechte kennt, kann seine Rechte kennt, kann seine Rechte schutzen” — pflegte er zu sagen.

Das ein Mann, wie Simon, nicht dreisig Jahre alt wird, uhne das sein herz einem Weibe entgegengeschlagen, versteht sich von selbst. Schon im Jahre 1830, mahrend seines Vusenthaltes in Flogau, hatte er ernstlich an ein Berlobnis mit einem ichonen, liebenswurdigen und geistvollen lonis mit einem schonen, liebenswurdigen und geisvollen Madchen gedacht, auf bderen Zuneigung, wie auf die Einwilligung ihrer angesehenen Familie, er Grund hatte zuhoffen.

In dem Zimmer Heinrich Simons in Zurich hing das lebensgrose Bild eines stattlichen Mannes von Kunstlerhand gemalt: in pelzverbramtem Rock, in gepuderter altfranzosischer Haartracht, von imponirender Haltung, mit geistreichem und gutmuthigem Gesichtsausdruck. Dieses Bild war das Bild seines Grosvaters. Oftmals hat es dem Verbannten von der traulichen Heimath, von den Liebesklangen, die von fruh an in sein Leben einklangen erzahlt. Oftmals sah er mit stolzer Freude die frisch heranbluhende Generation der Seinen unter diesem Bilde geeinigt und lehrte die Kleinsten das Bils des Urvaters kennen. Dieses Bils hat eine Geschichte.

Simon sollte nicht lange in dem ungetrubten Beitz des ihm so werth gewordenen Gutchens bleiben. Der diplomatische Druck, den die Grosmachte im Jahre 1851 besonders stark aus die Schweiz ausubten, blieb nicht ohne Wirkung. Schaarenweis musten die Fluchtlinge das Land verlassen, und auch Simon sinf an, sich mit dem Gedanken einer Auswanderung nach Amerika vertraut zu machen. Um jedenfalls die Moglichkeit freier und rascher Bewegung zu Gut wieder zu verkaufen. Im Herbste des Jahres 1851 siedelte er mit der Seinen nach Zurich uber, wo er in dem herrlich gelegenen, von Goethe in seiner Schweizerreise viel besprochenen Bodmer’schen Hause sich niederlies.

Im Herbst 1834 kehrte Simon von seiner Reise zuruck, wurde beim Kammergericht zu Berlin als Assessor angestellt und ging einige Monate darauf als Hulfsarbeiter an das Oberlandesgericht zu Magdeburg. An den dortigen Aufenthalt dachte er gern zuruck. Der Alp der Glogauer Verhaltnisse und deren Veranlassung lag weit hinter ihm, die Miseren der Referendariats-Zeit waren vor-uber. Seine Stellung beim Gericht, zu alten und jungen Collegen, unter denen interessante und liebenswurdige Personlichkeiten, war die angenehmste, und an den geselligen Beziehungen, die sich vielfach boten, fand er Gefallen. Er war damals gerade wegen der Entfernung von den Seinigen um so zuganglicher fur sonstigen Umgang und wurde durch Beides vor Einseitigkeit bewahrt.

Aus der Referendariats-, d. h. Vorbereitungs- und Ausbildungs-zeit preusischer Juristen, welche ein unverhaltnismasiges Stuck des besten Lebens absorbirt, last sich, wenn man nicht zu fehr in das Junerliche eingeben will, wenig sagen.