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O modelo ZFM pode ser considerado um exemplo de política pública bem-sucedida por ter contribuído, ao longo dos últimos 50 anos, para o desenvolvimento da região. O presente artigo versa sobre a natureza jurídica dos incentivos fiscais oferecidos pela ZFM. A discussão sobre esse tema é palpitante e muito importante para o futuro do Estado e da Região, bem como para o Brasil, que atravessa uma delicada situação de ajuste, principalmente nas contas públicas e no sistema tributário, que beiram o colapso. Os objetivos do presente estudo são: apresentar o modelo ZFM, focalizando suas peculiaridades; analisar os conceitos de isenção e de imunidade tributária, estabelecendo as principais diferenças entre esses institutos; apresentar os diversos julgados do STF que abordam a natureza jurídica dos incentivos fiscais na ZFM; e apresentar todos os incentivos nos níveis federal, estadual e municipal, estabelecendo a natureza jurídica deles. A metodologia adotada utilizou a pesquisa bibliográfica, valendo-se do método hipotético-dedutivo com o objetivo de analisar os conceitos de isenção e de imunidade tributária para chegar à definição de qual seria a natureza tributária dos incentivos do modelo ZFM. Ainda que este trabalho não tenha a pretensão de esgotar o assunto, pretende despertar o interesse quanto à preservação e ao aprimoramento desse modelo que, a despeito de alguns críticos, muito tem contribuído para reduzir as desigualdades regionais e para conservar o meio ambiente amazônico.

Background: Hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, overweight, obesity, and tobacco (smoking, chewing, and vaping), together with a pro-inflammatory and procoagulant state, are the main risk factors related to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Objective and methods: A group of experts from the Americas, based on their clinical expertise in cardiology, cardiovascular prevention, and cardiometabolic (CM) diseases, joined together to develop these practical recommendations for the optimal evaluation and treatment of residual CM risk factors in Latin America, using a modified Delphi methodology (details in electronic TSI) to generate a comprehensive CM risk reduction guideline, and through personalized medicine and patient-centered decision, considering the cost-benefit ratio The process was well defined to avoid conflicts of interest that could bias the discussion and recommendations. Results: Residual risk reduction should consider therapeutic options adapted to specific patient needs, based on five treatment objectives: triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, inflammation, impaired glucose metabolism, high blood pressure, and prothrombotic status. Comprehensive control of all CM risk factors should be a priority to deal with this important public health problem and prevent premature deaths. The recommendations in this paper address the evidence-based treatment of CM risk and are intended for clinical application in Latin American countries.

El paciente comprometido cardiovascularmente es susceptible a los estímulos físicos y emocionales presentes en la consulta endodóntica. El especialista en Endodoncia debe conocer los posibles riesgos de eventos adversos antes, durante y después de la realización de un tratamiento endodóntico quirúrgico y/o no quirúrgico y además debe contar con la información actualizada acerca de las posibles complicaciones para evitarlas o mitigar su efecto. Este artículo de revisión bibliográfica busca apuntar las consideraciones clínicas que deben tomarse en cuenta ante la presencia de un paciente con patología cardiovascular y la relación de estas enfermedades con la salud endodóntica. Se realizó una búsqueda electrónica a través de PUBMED, Scielo, Google Académico y Trip Data-Base con las palabras “Hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares, manejo endodóntico” entre los años 2013-2019, en español e inglés. Se concluye que los pacientes que presentan Hipertensión arterial, enfermedad cardíaca congestiva, soplos cardíacos o patología valvular y/o dispositivos cardioimplantados, pueden ser sometidos a tratamientos endodónticos bajo estrictas precauciones y consideraciones clínicas que dependen del grado de severidad y estado de salud actual del paciente.

Analisa-se a renúncia tributária dos entes federados (Governo Federal, Estado e Município de Manaus) e os benefícios socioeconômicos gerados pela Zona Franca de Manaus (ZFM), com o objetivo de comparar os custos sociais do modelo com os benefícios do mesmo. Utilizou-se a teoria dos pólos, a teoria da base e indicadores sócio-econômicos. Abordaram-se diversos aspectos da ZFM: legislação, evolução histórica, resultados e dificuldades. Focou-se a arrecadação tributária Federal e Estadual no Amazonas, e a desoneração tributária do Governo Federal. A arrecadação Federal no Amazonas é 64% da arrecadação da 2ª região fiscal da Receita Federal. Os gastos tributários com a ZFM foram R$ 3,3 bilhões com a indústria (16,3% do total) e R$ 8,8 bilhões com o comercio e serviços (27,7% do total). A ZFM gera 6° PIB do Brasil, mas concentra 80% do PIB amazonense em Manaus. Conclui-se que as desonerações tributárias foram expressivas, mas distantes de outras no Sul e Sudeste; que, apesar disso, a arrecadação tributária no Estado é elevada; que os custos sociais dos incentivos fiscais foram menores do que os benefícios usufruídos pelo Estado do Amazonas em decorrência da Zona Franca e do pólo industrial de Manaus.

Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar se a criação da Zona Franca de Manaustrouxe benefícios líquidos positivos para a economia de Manaus e, em certa medida,para o Estado do Amazonas. No referencial teórico utilizou-se a teoria dos polos, ateoria da base e indicadores socioeconômicos. Abordaram-se diversos aspectos daZona Franca de Manaus, como legislação, evolução histórica, resultados edificuldades. Focou-se a arrecadação tributária Federal e Estadual no Amazonas e adesoneração tributária do Governo Federal. A pesquisa caracteriza-se comoexploratória, descritiva e explicativa. Os procedimentos técnicos utilizados foram apesquisa bibliográfica e documental. A coleta de dados foi realizada pelos sites daSuframa e da Receita Federal. Os resultados indicam que as desoneraçõestributárias foram expressivas, mas menores daquelas concedidas no Sul e noSudeste; apesar disso, a arrecadação tributária no Estado do Amazonas é elevada eos custos para a sociedade desses incentivos foram menores do que os benefíciosgerados pela Zona Franca e pelo polo industrial de Manaus.Abstract This paper aims to determine whether the creation of the Free Zone of Manausbrought positive benefits to the economy of Manaus and, to some extent, for theState of Amazonas. In the theoretical reference was used the theory of the poles, thetheory of the basic and socioeconomic indicators. It addressed to various aspects ofthe Free Zone of Manaus, as legislation, historical evolution, results and difficulties. Itfocused on the Federal and State tax collection in Amazonas and tax relief in FederalGovernment. The research is characterized as exploratory, descriptive andexplanatory. The technical procedures used were the bibliographic and documentaryresearch. The data collection was performed by sites of Suframa and the ReceitaFederal. The results indicate that the tax reliefs were significant, but smaller thosegranted in South and Southeast; nevertheless, the tax collections in the State ofAmazonas is high and the cost to society of these incentives were lower than thebenefits generated by the Free Zone and by the industrial pole of Manaus.

During the winter of 2023, Chile faced a complex situation related to the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). After experiencing a decline in RSV circulation during the years of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, a late outbreak was observed in the spring of 2022 and an early onset of the outbreak in 2023, with a significant increase in the number of serious cases. The ineffectiveness of strategic planning and risk communication contributed to the complexity of the situation. To avoid the above next winter, measures such as active surveillance, unification of definitions for acute respiratory infections, identification of RSV variants, public education about infections and advance preparation regarding hospital beds and health personnel are suggested. The importance of immunization and intersectoral collaboration to acquire new preventive alternatives is highlighted, as well as the need for early communication about the importance of immunization and identification of high-risk groups, improvement in training of medical personnel and strategic planning of the Ministry of Health. seeking a proactive and collaborative approach to address the complex RSV situation in future winters. The Chilean Immunization Advisory Committee has already carried out an analysis and recommendation on a new prevention alternative. This working group will support any decision of the Ministry of Health in public policies that attempt a change in the paradigm of control of this disease for the health of the children of our country.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is a potential candidate for the fabrication of flexible electronics devices and electronics with applications in various extreme environments, mainly due to its outstanding chemical and physical properties. However, to date, the utilization of PTFE in printing trials has been limited due to the material's low surface tension and wettability, which do not ensure good adhesion of the printing ink at the level of the substrate. Within this paper, successful printing of PTFE is realized after pre-treating the surface of the substrate with the help of dielectric barrier discharge non-thermal plasma. The efficiency of the pre-treatment is demonstrated with respect to both silver- and carbon-based inks that are commercially available, and finally, the long-lasting pre-treatment effect is demonstrated for periods of time spanning from minutes to days. The experimental results are practically paving the way toward large-scale utilization of PTFE as substrate in fabricating printed electronics in harsh working environments. After 3 s of plasma treatment of the foil, the WCA decreased from approximately 103° to approximately 70°. The resolution of the printed lines of carbon ink was not time dependent and was unmodified, even if the printing was realized within 1 min from the time of applying the pre-treatment or 10 days later. The evaluation of the surface tension (σ) measured with Arcotest Ink Pink showed an increase in σ up to 40 < σ < 42 mN/m for treated Teflon foil and from σ < 30 mN/m corresponding to the untreated substrate. The difference in resolution was distinguishable when increasing the width of the printed lines from 500 μm to 750 μm, but when increasing the width from 750 μm to 1000 μm, the difference was minimal.

In 1930, Melanie Klein published an article presenting the case of Dick. Within the framework of the psychoanalytic technique adapted to the clinical treatment of autism, this article contributes elements to a question posed by many psychoanalysts: why did Klein's interventions affect Dick? To that end, Klein's first intervention is divided into two phases: a first naming phase, consented to by Dick; and a second interpretation phase, triggering detachment from the object, anxiety, and stereotypy. The proposal is to understand the emergence of anxiety in the relationship that the second-phase interpretation has with the first phase of naming.

During the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, several countries have implemented non-pharmacologic measures, mainly lockdowns and social distancing, to reduce the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These strategies varied widely across nations, and their efficacy is currently being studied. This study explores demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological factors associated with the duration of lockdowns applied in Chile between March 25th and December 25th, 2020. Joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data were used. In this case, the number of days under lockdown for each Chilean commune and longitudinal information were modeled jointly. Our results indicate that overcrowding, number of active cases, and positivity index are significantly associated with the duration of lockdowns, being identified as risk factors for longer lockdown duration. In short, joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data permit the identification of factors associated with the duration of lockdowns in Chile. Indeed, our findings suggest that demographic, socioeconomic, and epidemiological factors should be used to define both entering and exiting lockdown., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Unlabelled: During year 2011 two outbreaks of Salmonella infection captured media attention in the Metropolitan Area (MA) in Chile: one of typhoid fever associated to Salmonella serotype Typhi, and the other, of gastroenteritis related to Salmonella serotype Enteritidis, both with decreasing or stable rates in the previous years. The aim of this work is to analyze probable causes of their reemergence., Methods: Several government websites were searched looking for epidemiological data., Results: Typhoid fever rates have declined to current values of 1 case per 100.000 habitants, a decreased associated to improvements in the human development index. The typhoid outbreak was associated to a predominant clone within the MA. The only risk factor identified was consumption of raw vegetables acquired in open fairs, but without identifying a common source. Despite improvements in disease notification and molecular epidemiology capabilities, this outbreak is coincidental with a reduced number of food inspection visits in the MA, probably explained by the limited personnel available for this task. In the case of Salmonella Enteritidis, rates have increased twice since 1998 (5.3 to 10.7 per 100.000 habitants) with an important increase in the number of outbreaks linked to this agent (7 to 31 annual outbreaks) since year 2005. Persistence of this problem is probably associated to the low surveillance of poultry farms made by the Chilean state, to the absence of a cold chain during collection, distribution and selling of eggs, and to the lack of an educational program directed to the population. The recent regulation that bans home-made mayonnaise in restaurant or fast food stores is an important advance that requires further evaluation., Conclusions: The persistence and reemergence of different kind of Salmonellosis in Chile suggests chronic problems on the size and role of the Chilean state regarding food safety.

In Chile Vibrio parahaemolyticus has been detected in 3 gastroenteritis outbreaks since 1998. The most recent outbreak occurred during the summer of 2005, affecting over 10,000 people of whom one died. Affected individuals presented with one or more of the following symptoms: diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain and/or fever. Fecal white blood cells were detected in only 6% of patients. The predominant serotype in the 3 outbreaks was the pandemic O3:K6 strain. Diagnosis was confirmed by isolation and identification of V. parahaemolyticus in stool cultures and/or by establishing an epidemiological link. V. parahaemolyticus isolates were 100% susceptible to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol, and universally resistant to ampicillin. Due to the public health impact of the 2005 outbreak, the Ministry of Health called for a National Task Force mandated to review epidemiological, clinical and microbiological features of the outbreak and to propose management guidelines.

Influenza is a seasonally, acute respiratory disease, highly transmissible. The diversity of the natural reservoirs of influenza A virus and its faculty of reassortment increase the risk of a new pandemia. Prevention strategies during the outbreaks include vaccination indicated to risk population as infants between 6 to 2 years old, persons above 65 years old, pregnant women and patients with underlying diseases. Antiviral prophylaxis is useful to control small outbreaks and to be used in household contacts of risk population who have not been vaccinated. Antiviral drugs as a treatment should be considered in persons with severe disease. During a pandemia these prevention measures must be reinforced and rational use of antiviral drugs and vaccine with the pandemic strain should be emphasized.