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Accessibility is one of the key measures of urban transportation planning, which quantify how easy is the access to a facility. Public transport accessibility concerns of the access level of geographical locations to public transport. In this paper, accessibility is used as an indicator to estimate social exclusion based on the maximum distance that someone has to walk to reach the public transport. The concept of the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) is applied to measure accurately the walking ability for different groups of the population. A real life case study is conducted to get insight into the transportation network of the Porto Metropolitan Area, Portugal. For this purpose, geographic, demographic and infrastructure data were collected and integrated. Also, webservices are used to measure walking distances between locations. The results of this study allowed to characterize regions by different levels of accessibility, providing insight into the social exclusion in public transport. This assessment is used not only to identify inequities but also to get an overview of the service quality of public transport.

This work apply a deep learning artificial neural network model – the Multilayer Perceptron – as a regression model to estimate the demand of bus passengers. Transit bus ridership and weather conditions were collected over a year from a medium-size European metropolitan area and linked under the assumption: individuals choose the travel mode based on the weather conditions that are observed during (a) the departure hour, (b) the hour before or (c) two hours prior to the travel start. The transit ridership data were also labelled according to the hour of the day, day of the week, month, and whether there was a strike and/or holiday or not. The results show that the prediction error of the model decrease by ~9% when the weather conditions observed two hours before travel start is taken into account. The model sensitivity analyses reveals that the worst performance is obtained for a strike day of a weekday in spring (typically Wednesdays or Thursdays).

Fleet tracking technology collects real-time information about geolocation of vehicles as well as driving-related data. This information is typically used for location monitoring as well as for analysis of routes, vehicles and drivers. From an operational point of view, the geolocation simply identifies the state of a vehicle in terms of positioning and navigation. From a management point of view, the geolocation may be used to infer the state of a vehicle in terms of process (e.g., driving, fueling, maintenance, or lunch break). Meaningful information may be extracted from these inferred states using process mining. An innovative methodology for inferring process states from geolocation data is proposed in this paper. Also, it is presented the potential of applying process mining techniques on geolocation data for process discovery.

A set of processes, including the collection of heterogeneous data and in-depth knowledge on multiple dimensions, are required to enhance multimodal public transport services and address traveller needs in an effective and efficient way. The main purpose of this paper is to use reliability data to drive the planning and operationalisation of a multimodal metropolitan-wide network of public transport, covering the needs of authorities, transport providers and travellers. This will be achieved by a methodology using data from current public transport lines and design process to find the best combination of hubs, stops and connections, fully controlled by the transport authority and with the assistance of transport providers. The expect result is a more "predictable" network that maximises schedule reliability, while providing better information for travellers.

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia Os estudos relacionados com os Sistemas de Energia Elétricos (SEE) são de extrema importância, pois a crescente aposta em fontes de energia renovável traz consigo novos desafios para as redes, em termos de segurança e fiabilidade, devido às características inerentes a este tipo de geração ”limpa”. Quando se trata de redes isoladas, a disseminação de geração baseada em renováveis é ainda mais desafiante. A presente dissertação tem como objetivo analisar, com recurso a simulação, o comportamento de um pequeno SEE perante uma forte penetração de renováveis (solar e eólica). Por outro lado, pretende-se também saber até que ponto ações de gestão da procura ou uso de armazenamento químico podem ter influência positiva, no funcionamento desse SEE, em regime estacionário. Para isso, identificou-se uma série de cenários de simulação, em termos de penetração de renováveis, de ações de gestão da procura e de armazenamento, permitindo assim escrutinar e perceber a maior ou menor influência da utilização das técnicas mencionadas para diferentes casos que possam ocorrer ou vir a ocorrer no sistema, com vista à sua possível implementação. A ênfase da análise foi o regime estacionário do SEE, tendo-se considerado, na construção dos cenários, alternativas de utilização dos recursos, incluindo a geração térmica existente. Conclui-se com a realização deste trabalho que ações de gestão da procura e o uso de armazenamento trazem benefícios para o SEE. Através do uso do armazenamento demonstra-se a possibilidade de utilizar de forma mais eficiente os grupos geradores da central térmica. Foi também possível aumentar a utilização das renováveis (solar e eólica), reduzindo o curtailment, recorrendo para isso ao armazenamento e ações de gestão da procura. Contudo, as baterias até agora instaladas e usadas nas simulações apresentaram algumas limitações ao nível da capacidade de armazenamento. Deverá ser feita uma análise económica sobre a possibilidade de aumentar a capacidade de armazenamento, tendo em vista a crescente aposta nas renováveis do SEE em questão. Com a utilização da carga controlável, provou-se que é possível suavizar as flutuações resultantes da introdução de fontes de energia renovável intermitentes, reduzindo desta forma algumas perdas associadas. Studies related to power systems are extremely important, as the growing investment in renewable energy sources brings new challenges for the networks, in terms of safety and reliability, due to the characteristics inherent to this type of "clean" generation. When it comes to isolated networks, the spread of generation based on renewables is even more challenging. This dissertation aims to analyze, using simulation, the behavior of a small power system in the face of a strong penetration of renewables (solar and wind). On the other hand, it is also intended to know the extent to which demand management actions or the use of chemical storage can have a positive influence on the functioning of this power system, in a steady state. For this, a series of simulation scenarios were identified, in terms of penetration of renewables, demand management and storage, thus allowing to scrutinize and perceive the greater or lesser influence of the use of the mentioned techniques for different cases that may occur or will occur in the system, with a view to its possible implementation. The emphasis of the analysis was the steady state, having considered, in the construction of the scenarios, alternatives for the use of resources, including the existing thermal generation. It is concluded with this work that demand management actions and the use of storage bring benefits to the power system. The use of storage demonstrates the possibility of using the generating sets of the thermal power plant more efficiently. It was also possible to increase the use of renewables (solar and wind), reducing curtailment, using storage and demand management actions for this. However, the batteries installed and used in the simulations so far have had some limitations in terms of storage capacity. An economic analysis should be made on the possibility of increasing storage capacity, in view of the growing investment in renewables in the power system in question. With the use of controllable load, it has been proved that it is possible to smooth out fluctuations resulting from the introduction of intermittent renewable energy sources, reducing some associated losses.

Este trabalho teve como objetivo o dimensionamento, construção e estudo de um permutador de calor a aplicar numa caldeira doméstica de 20 kW, alimentada a peletes. Pretendeu-se com a aplicação daquele, realizar um pré-aquecimento da água, concretamente antes de entrar na caldeira, através do arrefecimento dos fumos e condensação de parte do vapor de água, transformando a caldeira numa caldeira de condensação. Numa primeira fase, realizaram-se alguns ensaios à caldeira, nas condições à saída de fábrica, para recolher informações acerca do seu funcionamento. Destes ensaios, em primeiro lugar, retiraram-se conclusões sobre a sua eficiência térmica (na ordem dos 50 a 60 %). Em segundo lugar, obtiveram-se as informações necessárias para o dimensionamento do permutador, como sejam, caudal mássico de água, caudal mássico de fumos, temperatura da água na entrada da caldeira, temperatura dos fumos na saída da caldeira e concentração volúmica dos constituintes dos fumos. Numa segunda fase, procedeu-se ao referido dimensionamento. Este, feito de forma iterativa, e considerando a operação da caldeira em três cargas de funcionamento diferentes, à carga baixa (P1), média (P3) e máxima (P5). Dimensionou-se um permutador capaz de arrefecer os fumos e de conseguir realizar parte da condensação do vapor de água, um permutador compacto de feixe de tubos escalonados e alhetados. Com esta introdução, esperava-se o aumento da eficiência térmica da caldeira para valores na ordem dos 90 %, em cada uma das cargas. Em terceiro lugar, procedeu-se ao fabrico do permutador, realizado nas oficinas do departamento de Engenharia Mecânica do IPV. Esta dividiu-se por duas etapas: a primeira, o corte dos materiais (tubos e alhetas); a segunda, a montagem dos tubos e alhetas. Em quarto lugar, o permutador construído foi aplicado na caldeira e realizaram-se vários ensaios, nas diferentes cargas, de forma a avaliar tanto o funcionamento daquele como da caldeira, bem como a tirar conclusões acerca da variação do rendimento térmico da caldeira após aplicação do permutador. No final dos ensaios, verificou-se que o permutador, embora com uma eficiência aquém do que se esperava (cerca de 40 a 50 %), fez com que o rendimento da caldeira tivesse aumentado para valores em volta dos 80 %. Um estudo simples, apresentado no final desta tese, acerca da viabilidade da aplicação deste permutador permitiu concluir que se conseguiriam economizar entre 600 a 800 kg de peletes por ano (ao preço dos peletes à data, representava uma economia de 100 a 130 €/ano). ABSTRACT: This study aimed to design, construction and study of a heat exchanger to apply in a domestic pellet boiler of 20 kW. The intention with the application thereof, to perform a preheating of the water, particularly before entering the boiler, through the cooling of the smoke and condensation of the water vapor, transforming the boiler in a condensing boiler. Initially, there were some trials to the boiler, on conditions at the plant output, to collect information about its operation. Of these trials, first, withdrew conclusions on its thermal efficiency (in the order of 50 to 60%). Secondly, there were obtained the necessary information for the design of the heat exchanger, such as, water mass flow, mass flow of vapor, water temperature in the boiler inlet, temperature of the flue gases in the boiler exit and volume concentration of the constituents of flue gas. In a second phase, it proceeded to said sizing. This made iteratively, and considering the boiler operation in three different operating loads, the low load (P1), medium (P3) and maximum (P5). A scaled-exchanger can cool the smoke and accomplish the condensation of the water vapor, a compact exchanger bundle of finned tubes and staggered. With this introduction, it was hoped to increase the thermal efficiency of the boiler to values of around 90% in each of the loads. Third, it proceeded to the manufacture of the heat exchanger, made in the workshops of the Mechanical Engineering department of IPV. This was divided in two stages: first, the cutting of materials (tubes and fins); the second assembly of tubes and fins. Fourthly, the built exchanger was used in the boiler and were performed various tests on different loads in order to evaluate both the function thereof as the boiler, and to draw conclusions about the variation of the thermal efficiency of the boiler after application of exchanger. At the end of the tests, it was found that the heat exchanger, but with an efficiency below the expected (about 40 to 50%), made the boiler efficiency had increased to values around 80%. A simple study, presented at the end of this thesis, on the feasibility of applying this exchanger concluded that if they could save between 600 to 800 kg of pellets per year (the price of pellets to date, representing a saving 100-130 €/year ).

Advance technology development and wide use of the World Wide Web have made it possible for new product development organizations to access multi-sources of data-related customer complaints. However, the number of customer plaints of highly innovative consumer electronic products is still increasing; that is, product quality and reliability is at risk. This article aims to understand why existing solutions from literature as well as from industry to deal with these increasingly complex multiple data sources are not able to manage product quality and reliability. Three case studies in industry are discussed. On the basis of the case study results, this article also identifies a new research agenda that is needed to improve product quality and reliability under this circumstance. Copyright (c) 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Given an event log L, a control-flow discovery algorithm f, and a quality metric m, this paper faces the following problem: what are the parameters in f that mostly influence its application in terms of m when applied to L? This paper proposes a method to solve this problem, based on sensitivity analysis, a theory which has been successfully applied in other areas. Clearly, a satisfactory solution to this problem will be crucial to bridge the gap between process discovery algorithms and final users. Additionally, recommendation techniques and meta-techniques like determining the representational bias of an algorithm may benefit from solutions to the problem considered in this paper. The method has been evaluated over a set of logs and the flexible heuristic miner, and the preliminary results witness the applicability of the general framework described in this paper.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Arquitectura, Intervir em património construído, objetivo desta tese, coloca questões de natureza conceptual e tectónica, associadas à reflexão sobre a requalificação de edifícios com valor histórico. Foi selecionado como caso de estudo a Casa do Côto, situada em Duas Igrejas, uma freguesia de Vila Verde intersetada pelas águas do Rio Neiva. Trata-se de uma casa senhorial, arruinada, construída no século XIV, que pertenceu ao poeta Francisco Sá de Miranda, comendador da freguesia entre 1535 e 1558. Intelectual renascentista deixou marcas da sua cultura no edifício que habitou. Atualmente constituída por três volumes em U, que conformam um espaço central, e por uma capela dedicada a Nossa Senhora da Conceição, foi objeto de ocupação diversa ao longo dos séculos. O presente trabalho tem como intenção valorizar a Casa do Côto como elemento arquitetónico e cultural que retrata a história da freguesia de Duas Igrejas e a vida do poeta. Deste modo, foi realizada uma análise histórica e construtiva do conjunto que solicitou a limpeza e desmatação da vegetação que impedia a entrada no edifício, o levantamento métrico, topográfico e fotográfico. Ao longo da investigação é caraterizado o vale, apresentando a topografia, o parcelamento e o rio como elementos que condicionaram os modos de ocupação deste território e a sua evolução. Relativamente à casa procurou-se entender quais foram as principais épocas de construção e os seus proprietários, o que envolveu uma pesquisa mais aprofundada em bibliotecas, arquivos municipais e noutros solares com relações genealógicas com a Casa do Côto. O projeto de intervenção procura enaltecer as qualidades arquitetónicas e espaciais da casa e recuperar a quinta agrícola que se integra no texturado parcelamento da encosta. O novo programa e usos propostos interpretam a análise realizada e procuram ser atrativos tanto para os visitantes como para os residentes da freguesia. Em suma, tendo como premissas de projeto a história da casa e o espírito do lugar, evoca-se, numa leitura contemporânea, a memória do poeta., Intervene in built heritage, purpose of this thesis, puts conceptual and tectonics issues, associated with reflection on the requalification of buildings with historical value. It was selected as a case study the Côto House, located in Duas Igrejas, a parish of Vila Verde intercepted by the waters of the Neiva River. It is a manor house, ruined, built in the XIV century, which belonged to Francisco Sá de Miranda, poet and commendatory of the parish between 1535 and 1558. A renaissance intellectual that left marks of their culture in the building. Currently consists on three volumes in U shape, that make up a central space, and a chapel dedicated to Nossa Senhora da Conceição, was the subject of a different occupation throughout the centuries. This paper is intended to enhance the Côto House as architectural and cultural element that depicts the story of Duas Igrejas and the life of the poet. Thus, it was accomplished a historical and constructive analysis of the assembly that requested the cleaning of vegetation that prevented the entry into the building, the metric survey, photographic and topographic. Throughout the research is characterised the valley, showing the topography, the parcelling and the river as elements that affected the modes of occupation of this territory and their evolution. Regarding the house sought to understand what were the main periods of construction and their owners, which involved a more further research in libraries, archives and other manor houses with genealogical relations with the Côto House. The intervention project seeks to enhance the architectural and spatial qualities of the house and recover the farm that integrates the textured parcelling of the slope. The new program and proposed uses interpret the analysis undertaken and seek to be attractive for visitors as for the residents of the parish. In short, with the assumptions of the project, the history of the house and the spirit of place, conjures up, in a contemporary reading, the memory of the poet.

International audience; Over the last decade, several algorithms for process discovery and process conformance have been proposed. Still, it is well-accepted that there is no dominant algorithm in any of these two disciplines, and then it is often difficult to apply them successfully. Most of these algorithms need a close-to expert knowledge in order to be applied satisfactorily. In this paper, we present a recommender system that uses portfolio-based algorithm selection strategies to face the following problems: to find the best discovery algorithm for the data at hand, and to allow bridging the gap between general users and process mining algorithms. Experiments performed with the developed tool witness the usefulness of the approach for a variety of instances.

Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Engenharia Eletrónica Industrial e de Computadores, Atualmente, os veículos elétricos têm vindo a ganhar notoriedade dentro do ramo da indústria automóvel. Assim, existe um interesse crescente na substituição dos veículos com motor de combustão interna por veículos elétricos, devido às vantagens inerentes aos mesmos. No entanto, o desenvolvimento do veículo elétrico exige novas infraestruturas e soluções ao nível do carregamento, bem como novas soluções para o armazenamento de energia. O recurso às baterias para o armazenamento de energia nos veículos elétricos tem sido a solução mais adotada, assim, nesta dissertação descreve-se a implementação de um sistema de gestão e monitorização de baterias. Este sistema visa proteger as baterias contra abusos durante o seu funcionamento (não permite que os seus valores máximos e mínimos sejam excedidos), aumentando assim o seu tempo de vida útil, mas tentando sempre obter o melhor desempenho possível das baterias. Além disso, este sistema também informa o utilizador do veículo elétrico sobre diversos parâmetros do sistema de baterias, necessários para uma condução agradável e desprovida de ansiedade da autonomia, provocada pela falta de conhecimento do estado de carga das mesmas. Nesta dissertação, numa fase inicial apresenta-se o estado de arte sobre as tecnologias de baterias. De seguida, descreve-se a estrutura e constituição de um sistema de gestão de baterias. Posteriormente, realizam-se várias simulações para validar a topologia de equalização. Por último, implementa-se e testa-se o sistema de gestão de baterias proposto., Currently, electric vehicles have been gaining notoriety within the field of car industry. Thus, there is a growing interest in the replacement of vehicles with internal combustion engine for electric vehicles, due to the inherent advantages of these. However, the development of the electric vehicle requires new infrastructures and solutions in what concerns loading, as well as new solutions for energy storage. The use of batteries for energy storage is the main solution adopted for electric vehicles. Thus, this work describes the implementation of a battery management system. This system aims to protect the batteries from abuse during operation (not allowing their maximum and minimum values to be exceeded), thereby increasing their lifetime, but always trying to get the maximum performance from the batteries. In addition, this system also informs the user of the electric vehicle about various parameters of the battery system required for a pleasant driving, and devoid of range anxiety, caused by the unawareness of the battery status. This work, initially presents the state of the art on battery technologies. Afterwards, describes the structure and constitution of a battery management system. Thereafter, several simulations are carried out to validate the topology of equalization. Finally, it presents the implementation and testing of the battery management system.

To address the need for evaluation techniques for complex business processes, also known as workflows, this paper proposes an approach based on generalized stochastic Petri nets (GSPNs). We review ten related approaches published in the last fifteen years and compare them to our approach using a wide range of criteria. On the basis of this evaluation, we observe that the newly proposed approach provides results that are at least as good as those from the most accepted alternatives and holds a number of additional advantages, such as modeling simplicity, improved precision, and model reuse for qualitative analyses. The overall approach is formally defined in this paper, along with the definition of several performance metrics. Part of these metrics can be computed analytically, while the remainder can be obtained by simulating the GSPN. Furthermore, a tool has been developed to translate automatically business process execution language processes into GSPNs. Finally, we present a case study in which we applied the proposed approach, colored Petri net tools, and an industrial tool to obtain performance insights into a realistic workflow. The results were highly similar, demonstrating the feasibility and the accuracy of our approach.

One of the aims of process mining is to retrieve a process model from a given event log. However, current techniques have problems when mining processes that contain non-trivial constructs, processes that are low structured and/or dealing with the presence of noise in the event logs. To overcome these problems, a new process representation language (i.e. augmented Causal nets) is presented in combination with an accompanying process mining algorithm. The most signficant property of the new representation language is in the way the semantics of splits and joins are represented; by using so-called split/join frequency tables. This result in easy to understand process models even in the case of non-trivial constructs, low structured domains and the presence of noise. The new process representation language and mining technique can also be used for conformance checking; to indicate if all the behavior in the event log is also represented in the process model and if there is extra behavior in the process model not in the event log. This paper explains the new process representation language and how the mining algorithm works. The algorithm is implemented as a plug-in in the ProM framework. An illustrative example with noise and a real life log of a complex and low structured process are used to explicate the presented approach.

Business organizations must pay attention to interesting changes in customer behavior in order to anticipate their needs and act accordingly with appropriated business actions. Tracking customer's commercial paths through the products they are interested in is an essential technique to improve business and increase customer satisfaction. Data warehousing (DW) allows us to do so, giving the basic means to record every customer transaction based on the different business strategies established. Although managing such huge amounts of records may imply business advantage, its exploration, especially in a multi-dimensional space (MDS), is a nontrivial task. The more dimensions we want to explore, the more are the computational costs involved in multi-dimensional data analysis (MDA). To make MDA practical in real world business problems, DW researchers have been working on combining data cubing and mining techniques to detect interesting changes in MDS. Such changes can also be detected through gradient queries. While those studies have provided the basis for future research in MDA, just few of them points to preference query selection in MDS. Thus, not only the exploration of changes in MDS is an essential task, but also even more important is ranking most interesting gradients. In this chapter, the authors investigate how to mine and rank the most interesting changes in a MDS applying a TOP-K gradient strategy. Additionally, the authors also propose a gradient-based cubing method to evaluate interesting gradient regions in MDS. So, the challenge is to find maximum gradient regions (MGRs) that maximize the task of raking gradients in a MDS. The authors' evaluation study demonstrates that the proposed method presents a promising strategy for ranking gradients in MDS., (undefined), info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Orientador: Professor Dr. Junior Alexandre Moreira Pinto Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade de Taubaté, Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Ambientais,Taubaté, 2009. Made available in DSpace on 2019-08-16T13:38:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joel Ribeiro Dias Junior.pdf: 614517 bytes, checksum: e27369928381c1ffe4e180737b2f269b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 Resumo: O objeto de estudo deste trabalho é a análise da responsabilidade civil do Estado, frente aos danos ambientais resultantes de contratos administrativos, quais sejam, aqueles contratos firmados entre o Poder Público e o particular. Trata-se de uma pesquisa não- experimental, revestida de levantamento bibliográfico, abrangendo doutrina, teses e artigos científicos. A forma de abordagem do problema apresenta resultados qualitativos. A Lei n°. 6.938 de 31 de agosto de 1981, dispõe sobre a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente e estabelece a responsabilização civil pelo dano ambiental causado direta ou indiretamente por pessoa física ou jurídica, de direito público ou privado. Desta maneira, se torna possível a condenação do Estado por previsão de lei. O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro adota a responsabilidade civil objetiva para apuração das lesões ao meio ambiente e esta se configura com a simples comprovação do nexo causal, não necessitando de comprovação de dolo ou culpa do agente. Já a Lei n°. 8.666 de 21 de junho de 1993, institui a Lei de Licitações e Contratos Administrativos e defini como obrigação do Estado fiscalizar a execução dos contratos por ele firmados, não sendo esta uma disposição facultativa. Frente a este comprometimento, pode o Poder Público responder pelos danos ambientais resultantes da execução dos contratados, ações estas efetuadas por terceiros. Esta obrigação é classificada como solidária e não subsidiária, devendo o administrador público em caso de condenação, procurar reaver seus prejuízos amortizados em busca da justa distribuição da avença por meio de ação de regresso. Dada à possibilidade de condenação, apresenta esta pesquisa a discussão de algumas medidas a serem utilizadas e outras já praticadas por alguns administradores públicos na tentativa de resguardar o interesse público, buscando procedimentos e contratos administrativos seguros e eficazes. Estas hipóteses inovadoras possuem embasamento legal e não configuram desrespeito aos princípios das licitações públicas, como, por exemplo, ao da impessoalidade e ao da igualdade entre os licitantes. Esta pesquisa possui, ainda que de maneira intrínseca, interesse de inserir a proteção ambiental às licitações públicas, na medida em que busca discutir a responsabilização civil pelos danos ambientais e os mecanismos que se deve seguir para evitar a condenação e, consequentemente, a própria realização de atos ambientalmente condenáveis. ABSTRACT: The object of study of this work is to examine the civil liability of the State, front of environmental damage resulting from administrative contracts, which are those contracts signed between the government and the private. This is a non-experimental research, coated with bibliographic, covering doctrine, theses and scientific articles. The way to approach the problem presents qualitative results. The Law no. 6938 to 31 August 1981, available on the National Environmental Policy and establishing the civil liability for environmental damage caused directly or indirectly by natural or legal person, public or private law. Thus, it is possible to condemn the State of law by forecast. The Brazilian legal system adopts the civil liability objective, for investigation of injuries the environment and this is configured with a simple proof of causation, not requiring proof of intent or fault of the agent. Already the Law no. 8666 to 21 June 1993, establishing the Law of Tenders and Contracts Administrative and defined as an obligation of the State to supervise the execution of contracts signed by him, not being an optional provision. In front of this commitment, the government can answer for the damage resulting from the implementation of the contract, these actions taken by third. This obligation is classified as subsidiary and not as solidarity, should the public administrator in case of conviction, seek recover their losses amortized in search of fair distribution of flat through action to return. Given the possibility of condemnation, this research presents a discussion of some measures to be used and others already practiced by some public administrators in an attempt to protect the public interest, seeking procedures and contracts administrative safe and effective. These assumptions have innovative legal basement and do not constitute disregard the principles of public bids, for example, the impersonality and equality among the bidders. This research has, even so intrinsic, interest of the insert of environmental protection to public bids, in that seeks to discuss the civil liability for environmental damage and the mechanisms that must be followed to avoid conviction and consequently the actual implementation of environmentally reprehensible acts.

In this paper, we present a new OLAP Mining method for exploring interesting trend patterns. Our main goal is to mine the most (TOP-K) significant changes in Multidimensional Spaces (MDS) applying a gradient-based cubing strategy. The challenge is then finding maximum gradient regions, which maximises the task of detecting TOP-K gradient cells. Several heuristics are also introduced to prune MDS efficiently. In this paper, we motivate the importance of the proposed model, and present an efficient and effective method to compute it by: • evaluating significant changes by means of pushing gradient search into the partitioning process • measuring Gradient Regions (GR) spreadness for data cubing • measuring Periodicity Awareness (PA) of a change, assuring that it is a change pattern and not only an isolated event • devising a Rank Gradient-based Cubing to mine significant change patterns in MDS., (undefined), info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Mestrado em Engenharia Física as energias renováveis representam uma solução limpa para a diminuição da dependência da nossa sociedade nos combustíveis fósseis. Recentemente verificou-se um aumento na procura de combustíveis fósseis em todo mundo, levando a um acentuado aumento no seu preço. Considerando que uma fracção considerável do nosso consumo energético é usado para aquecimento de água, a conversão solar térmica torna-se um tema de elevado interesse. Actualmente, existem vários sistemas solares térmicos para aquecimento de água com eficiências e tempos de recuperação de investimento razoáveis. Aqueles que usam absorsores poliméricos, apresentam ser uma solução economicamente eficiente para aplicações de aquecimento de água a baixa temperatura. Neste trabalho apresentam-se os resultados da análise do desempenho de um painel comercial solar térmico polimérico sem cobertura, unglazed, usado primariamente para o aquecimento de piscinas, que usa como absorsor tiras de epdm (ethylene propylene diene monomer). Este polímero tem boas propriedades mecânicas e boa resistência aos UV. O objectivo principal deste trabalho é comparar a eficiência e as alterações físicas no colector quando é introduzida uma cobertura transparente e estruturada de PC (policarbonato), transformando-o num painel solar térmico glazed. ABSTRACT: renewable energies represent a clean solution to decrease the dependence of our societies on fossil fuels. In recent times we have witnessed an increase in the demand for fossil fuels worldwide, leading to ever increasing prices. Considering that a considerable fraction of our energy consumption goes to water heating applications, solar thermal conversion becomes a relevant approach. Presently, several solar water heating systems with reasonable efficiencies and with acceptable payback times are available. Those using polymeric solar absorbers can be an economical and efficient solution for low temperature water heating applications. This work presents the results of the performance analysis of an unglazed commercial polymeric solar thermal collector, primarily used for swimming pool heating, made from epdm (ethylene propylene diene monomer). This polymer shows good mechanical properties and good UV resistance. The main goal of this work is to compare the efficiency and the changes on material physical properties when this unglazed collector is covered with a transparent PC (polycarbonate) structured sheet, transforming it into a glazed solar thermal collector.

Esta pesquisa está tematizada no campo de investigação da educação superior e vinculada à linha cultura e processos educacionais, tratando, especificamente, sobre a reestruturação do curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação da Universidade Federal de Goiás FE/UFG, no período compreendido entre 1984 e 2004. O estudo evidencia as tensões, os conflitos e os embates ocorridos, fruto da explosão de forças que se articulavam, cresciam e se transformavam. Examina as disputas entre os diferentes campos teóricos ali representados em relação aos processos de reestruturação curricular do curso de Pedagogia, bem como dos projetos de formação do pedagogo que essas disputas expressavam. Para percorrer essa trajetória, o método adotado partiu das mediações existentes entre o contexto histórico, as concepções dos professores e os seus respectivos entendimentos teórico-conceituais e a análise documental que permitem analisar como se deram as reestruturações do curso de Pedagogia da FE/UFG no período analisado. A investigação teve como ponto de partida a análise do sistema educacional do Estado brasileiro no período pós-1964, uma vez que esse período interferiu diretamente nas decisões estruturais dos cursos de Pedagogia nas Faculdades de Educação. A pesquisa identifica a importância da FE/UFG como marco histórico da reestruturação do curso de Pedagogia no Brasil no período de redemocratização do País. Analisa o embate teórico ocorrido entre os professores Ildeu Moreira Coêlho e José Carlos Libâneo, ambos docentes da FE/UFG em 1992, e a conseqüente influência de suas idéias na formação do pedagogo. Demonstra que as transformações econômicas ocorridas no mundo do trabalho e a chamada globalização, exercem ampla influência na formação de pedagogos no Brasil. Analisa o curso oferecido, em forma de convênio, para os trabalhadores da Secretaria Municipal de Educação (SME) da cidade de Goiânia, demonstrando que essa experiência foi utilizada, posteriormente, como referência para a modificação no currículo regular do curso de Pedagogia assumido a partir de 2004. Faz um balanço histórico do que representou o período entre 1984 e 2004 na reestruturação do curso de Pedagogia da Faculdade de Educação da UFG, evidenciando os avanços qualitativos que ocorreram no período em epígrafe. This research enclosed the inquiry field of the education superior and tied with the line educational culture and processes, treating, specifically, on the reorganization in the Pedagogy course from Education College of the University Federal of Goiás (FE/UFG), in the period between 1984 and 2004. The study evidences the tensions, conflicts which occurred in the period in epigraph, they were fruit of the explosion of forces articulated, grew and transformed. It examines the disputes between the different theoretical fields represented there by the several fields of knowledgement in relation to the reorganizational process of the Pedagogy course, as well as of the formation projects that these disputes expressed. The methodological procedures have been adopted the documentary analysis, bibliographical revision of authors who have turned on the subjects related to the object of study and participation in syndical movements and meetings of deliberative bodies or evaluation in the scope of the UFG. The inquiry had as starting point the analysis of the educational system of the Brazilian State in the period after-1964, a time that influenced directly the decisions that organized the Pedagogy course in the Education College. The research identifies the importance of the FE/UFG as historical landmark of the reorganization of the Pedagogy course in Brazil in the period of redemocratization of Country. It analyzes the theoretical shock and the each agreement on the Education College that occurred between professors Ildeu Moreira Coêlho and Jose Carlos Libâneo, both professors of the FE/UFG, in 1992. It demonstrates that the economical transformations occurrence in the world of the work and the call globalization , influences in the formation of pedagogues in Brazil. It analyzes the course of Pedagogy offered in 1999 and 2003, in form as accord, for the workers in Education of City department of education (SME) of Goiânia. City that shows that experience was used later as reference for the modification in the regular resume of the course of Pedagogy occurred in 2004. It makes historical feed-back of what it represented the period between 1984 and 2004 in the reorganization of the course of Pedagogy of the Education College of the UFG. According our objectives, we they with this study, to make with that the rise of the debate on the understanding of the professional identity and the formation of pedagogue that still have a lot of ambiguities and contradictions.

Several business applications such as marketing basket analysis, clickstream analysis, fraud detection and churning migration analysis demand gradient data analysis. By employing gradient data analysis one is able to identify trends, outliers and answering "what-if' questions over large databases. Gradient queries were first introduced by Imielinski et al [1] as the cubegrade problem. The main idea is to detect interesting changes in a multidimensional space (MDS). Thus, changes in a set of measures (aggregates) are associated with changes in sector characteristics (dimensions). MDS contains a huge number of cells which poses great challenge for mining gradient cells on a useful time. Dong et al [2] have proposed gradient constraints to smooth the computational costs involved in such queries. Even by using such constraints on large databases, the number of interesting cases to evaluate is still large. In this work, we are interested to explore best cases (Top-K cells) of interesting multidimensional gradients. There several studies on Top-K queries, but preference queries with multidimensional selection were introduced quite recently by Dong et al [9]. Furthermore, traditional Top-K methods work well in presence of convex functions (gradients are non-convex ones). We have revisited iceberg cubing for complex measures, since it is the basis for mining gradient cells. We also propose a gradient-based cubing strategy to evaluate interesting gradient regions in MDS. Thus, the main challenge is to find maximum gradient regions (MGRs) that maximize the task of mining Top-K gradient cells. Our performance study indicates that our strategy is effective on finding the most interesting gradients in multidimensional space., Supported by a Ph.D. Scholarship from FCT-Foundation of Science and Technology, Ministry of Science of Portugal