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Husten beim Essen, Exsikkose, immer wieder Atemwegsinfekte — hinter all diesen Symptomen kann eine Dysphagie stecken. Erkennt der Hausarzt solche Zeichen fruhzeitig, kann er schwere Folgen wie Pneumonien oder Malnutrition verhindern.

Zusammenfassung Schluckstörungen Um Nahrung aufzunehmen, muss der Schluckvorgang funktionieren. Diverse Erkrankungen, aber auch ein Tracheostoma können den Schluckvorgang erheblich beeinträchtigen. Ein professionelles Dysphagiemanagement ist notwendig, um eine möglichst große Lebensqualität wiederherzustellen.

Background Neurogenic dysphagia is one of the most frequent and prognostically relevant neurological deficits in a variety of disorders, such as stroke, parkinsonism and advanced neuromuscular diseases. Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is now probably the most frequently used tool for objective dysphagia assessment in Germany. It allows evaluation of the efficacy and safety of swallowing, determination of appropriate feeding strategies and assessment of the efficacy of different swallowing manoeuvres. The literature furthermore indicates that FEES is a safe and well-tolerated procedure. In spite of the huge demand for qualified dysphagia diagnostics in neurology, a systematic FEES education has not yet been established. Results The structured training curriculum presented in this article aims to close this gap and intends to enforce a robust and qualified FEES service. As management of neurogenic dysphagia is not confined to neurologists, this educational programme is applicable to other clinicians and speech–language therapists with expertise in dysphagia as well. Conclusion The systematic education in carrying out FEES across a variety of different professions proposed by this curriculum will help to spread this instrumental approach and to improve dysphagia management.

Keywords:forensic science;serious assaults;senescence;population-based study;chronobiology;elderly population;violence Abstract: The aim of the present epidemiological study was to investigate characteristics of assaults in the elderly aged 65 years and above from the perspective of the victim and perpetrator. This population-based study included 23,142 assaults (according to §§ 224/226 StGB of German criminal law) that were recorded in Bavaria, Germany, from 1999 to 2005. The population-based ratio of serious crimes of battery for the elderly in comparison with the reference population was markedly lower (0.10; 95% CI: 0.09�0.11) in suspects aged more than 65 years and 0.08 (95% CI: 0.07�0.09) for the injured above 65 years. Elderly perpetrators differed significantly concerning the manner of the assault (p < 0.001). They committed less crimes in urban areas (56.1% vs. 68.8%) and were victimized significantly more in rural areas (p < 0.001; 41.2% vs. 30.2%). Violence in the elderly differs from that of the younger population. Further research is warranted to establish prevention measures.

Die Anforderungen an energieeffiziente Pulverlacke haben sich in Zeiten steigender Ol- und Gaspreise verandert. Ziel ist nicht mehr allein die Energieeinsparung, sondern auch die Erhohung der Produktivitat. Das zeigt auch das folgende Praxisbeispiel eines Maschinenherstellers...

Objective: The hypothesis of a lunar influence on human abnormal behavior is still widespread, although research has led to conflicting findings. Therefore, a population-based study to assess the influence of lunar phases on violent crimes was conducted. Methods: The study included all serious crimes of battery (aggravated assaults) committed in Middle Franconia (Bavaria, Germany) between 1999 and 2005 (n = 23 142). Data were analyzed regarding lunar phase, sex, and place of crime scene (outdoor vs indoor). Results: No significant associations between full, absent, and the moon's interphases and serious crimes of battery could be detected. Furthermore, a Fourier analysis was conducted that failed to produce an association between violence and the moon's phases. Discussion: Several possible explanations for the presented results are discussed including biological and social mechanisms. Conclusions: The present study fails to find a significant association between lunar phases and crimes of battery.

Das Anwendungsspektrum fur Metallic-Pulverbeschichtungen wachst kontinuierlich. Der folgende Beitrag informiert umfassend und praxisnah, wie Fehler bei der Verarbeitung von Metallic-Pulverlacken vermieden werden konnen.

We compute the two-point correlation of the energy density for the massless mode in deconfining SU(2) Yang-Mills thermodynamics and point towards a possible application for the physics of cold, dilute, and stable clouds of atomic hydrogen within the Milky Way., Comment: 22 pages, 8 figures, v6: formulas (6), (7), (11), (12), (18), (20) altered, figures (2), (6), (7), (8) altered, figures (1), (4), (5) exchanged, no qualitative changes in the results and no change of our conclusions

Die Anforderungen von Bau- und Landmaschinenherstellern an die Beschichtung ihrer Produkte sind vielseitig. Der Lack soll hochwertig in der Optik, robust und leicht zu verarbeiten sein. Unser Beitrag zeigt auf, welche Anspruche moderne Pulverlacke erfullen und wie sie verarbeitet werden mussen.

Bei der Lackierung von Leichtmetall-Rodern im Einschicht- oder Mehrschichtaufbau sind Acryl- Pulverlacke longst zum Standard geworden. Bisher erfolgt die Beschichtung nur mit hochglonzenden Systemen. Die Entwicklung eines matten Acryl-Pulverlacks eroffnet neue Design-Moglichkeiten.

Many studies have shown that intersections are among the most dangerous locations of a roadway network. Therefore, there is a need to understand the factors that contribute to injuries at such locations. This paper addresses the different factors that affect crash injury severity at signalized intersections. It also looks into the quality and completeness of the crash data and the effect that incomplete data has on the final results. Data from multiple sources have been cross-checked to ensure the completeness of all crashes including minor crashes that are usually unreported or not coded into crash databases. The ordered probit modeling technique has been adopted in this study to account for the fact that injury levels are naturally ordered variables. The tree-based regression methodology has also been adopted in this study to explore the factors that affect each severity level. The probit model results showed that a combination of crash-specific information and intersection characteristics result in the highest prediction rate of injury level. More specifically, having a divided minor roadway or a higher speed limit on the minor roadway decreased the level of injury while crashes involving a pedestrian/bicyclist and left turn crashes had the highest probability of a more severe crash. Several regression tree models showed a difference in the significant factors that affect the different severity types. Completing the data with minor non injury crashes improved the modeling results and depicted differences when modeling the no injury crashes.

Fur Stahlteile, die starken und sehr starken Korrosivitatsbelastungen ausgesetzt sind, steht als Alternative zu konventionellen Flussiglackaufbauten ein neuer zweischichtiger Pulverlackaufbau zur Verfugung.

We study the response of a single-component pair-correlated baryonic Fermi-liquid to density, spin, and their current perturbations. A complete set of response functions is derived in the low-temperature regime both within an effective theory based on a small momentum transfer expansion and within a numerical scheme valid for arbitrary momentum transfers. A comparison of these two approaches validates the perturbative approximation within the domain of its convergence. We derive the spectral functions of collective excitations associated with the density, density-current, spin, and spin-current perturbations. The dispersion relations of density and spin fluctuations are derived and it is shown that the density fluctuations lead to exciton-like undamped bound states, whereas the spin excitations correspond to diffusive modes above the pair-breaking threshold. The contribution of the collective pair-breaking modes to the specific heat of neutron matter at subnuclear densities is computed and is shown to be comparable to that of the degenerate electron gas at not too low temperatures., 18 pages, 5 figures, v2: matches published version

Once formed in a supernova explosion, a neutron star cools rapidly via neutrino emission during the first 10^4-10^5 yr of its life-time. Here we compute the axion emission rate from baryonic components of a star at temperatures below their respective critical temperatures T_c for normal-superfluid phase transition. The axion production is driven by a charge neutral weak process, associated with Cooper pair breaking and recombination. The requirement that the axion cooling does not overshadow the neutrino cooling puts a lower bound on the axion decay constant f_a > 6 10^9 T_{c9}^{-1} GeV, with T_{c9} = T_c/10^9 K. This translates into a upper bound on the axion mass m_a < 10^{-3} T_{c9} eV., v1: 8 pages, 1 figure, v2: minor changes, 9 pages, 1 figure, matches published version

We compute the finite temperature density response function of nonrelativistic cold fermions with an isotropic condensate. The pair-breaking contribution to the response function is evaluated in the limit of small three-momentum transfers q within an effective theory which exploits series expansion in powers of small q/p_F, where p_F is the Fermi momentum. The leading order O(q^2) contribution is universal and depends only on two fundamental scales, the Fermi energy and the pairing gap. The particle-hole Landau Fermi-liquid interaction contributes first at the next-to-leading-order O(q^4). The scattering contribution to the polarization tensor is nonperturbative (in the above sense) and is evaluated numerically. The spectral functions of density fluctuations are constructed and the relevance of the q^2 scaling for the pair-breaking neutrino emission from neutron stars is discussed., Comment: v2: 11 pages, 4 figures, matches published version.

The gasification of coal has now been practised on a commercial scale for a long time. In recent years, however, intensive efforts have been made to develop the gasification technology further in order to meet today's technical and economic requirements. Two advanced gasification processes have attained industrial maturity, together covering the entire range of potential feedstocks: The TEXACO gasification process is an entrained-flow partial-oxidation process using pumpable feedstock. Four commercial-scale coal gasification plants applying this process are in operation worldwide, two further units being under construction. The first TEXACO coal gasification plant in Europe, Synthesegasanlage Ruhr (SAR), took up operation in 1986 at Oberhausen/Fed. Rep. of Germany. The pressurized RHEINBRAUN High-Temperature Winkler (HTW) process has been developed on the basis of the conventional atmospheric Winkler fluidized-bed gasification process. In early 1986, a commercial-scale HTW demonstration plant for the gasification of brown coal went on stream in the Fed. Rep. of Germany. A second commercial-scale HTW gasification plant was started up at Oulu/Finland in 1988 using peat as a feedstock for synthesis gas generation. The implementation of this plant indicates a trend in the further development of solid fuel gasification towards a diversification of feedstocks. The fluidized-bed technology applying the HTW process is also well suited for processing wood and biomass as well as reactive types of bituminous coal. Owing to its specific process characteristics, the fluidized-bed principle can also be used for the gasification of low-grade coal types such as high-ash coal and brown coal with a high salt content. The application of the gasification technology for waste processing has been studied on a theoretical basis. Nearly all types of hard coal as well as heavy residues and fuel oils can be processed by the entrained-flow technology applying the TEXACO-process. Regarding the products obtained from gasification, a tendency towards diversification can be observed, too: Whereas the predominant product from existing coal gasification plants is synthesis gas for chemical applications, the production of fuel gas is gaining importance for the future. The integration of a gasification step in a combined-cycle process is of special interest, this type of power station offering decisive advantages regarding emission levels, efficiency and production costs. Another interesting alternative is the application of solid fuel gasification for the combined production of chemicals, heat and power, resulting in high overall thermal efficiencies for energy conversion. The aspects outlined above are illustrated by examples and substantiated by facts and figures.