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People living with HIV can experience posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Complex relationships exist between HIV, PTSD and cognitive impairments. This cross-sectional study compared three cognitive impairments (false memory, attentional bias, deficits in future thinking) among people living with HIV with and without PTSD in Iran. People living with HIV with PTSD (n = 20) and without PTSD (n = 20) completed measures of psychological symptomatology, dot-probe task, Deese Roediger McDermott paradigm and future thinking task at Razavi Khorasan Health Center. The PTSD group, when compared to the non-PTSD group, recognised a significantly greater number of false memories (p < 0.001; [eta] [superscript 2] = 0.58), had an attentional bias toward threat-related words (p < 0.001; [eta] [superscript 2] = 0.35) and imagined fewer specific future events (p < 0.001; [eta] [superscript 2] = 0.31). People living with HIV with PTSD may have difficulties with false memory, attentional biases, and generating future events. Since psychological treatments are limited in Iran, this research highlighted some potential cognitive targets for people living with HIV.

Emotion regulation has been dichotomized into two related but distinct domains, namely cognitive and behavioral. There has been an emphasis on the development of measures that evaluate these emotion regulation domains separately. Recently the Behavioral Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (BERQ) was developed. The present study aimed to assess the psychometric properties of a Persian version of the BERQ (BERQ-PV) among an Iranian sample. We investigated the dimensionality, reliability, and validity of the BERQ-PV among participants from the general population (n = 556) and clinical patients (n = 92). The confirmatory factor analysis supported the five-factor model. The internal consistency (Cronbach's [alpha] = .59-.78) and test-retest reliability (r = .63-.82) of the subscales were acceptable. The significant correlations between the BERQ-PV subscales and depression, anxiety, and stress supported concurrent validity, and the correlations with measures of cognitive emotion regulation implied convergent validity. The significant disparity among the clinical and non-clinical sample groups on the BERQ-PV was suggestive of discriminant validity. Findings indicate that the BERQ-PV is a psychometrically sound measure for assessing the behavioral process of emotion regulation., Author(s): Hamed Abdollahpour Ranjbar [sup.1] , Issa Hekmati [sup.2] , Mehmet Eskin [sup.1] , Laura Jobson [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.15876.3d, 0000000106887552, Department of Psychology, College of Social Sciences and [...]

Experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion are two transdiagnostic constructs underpinning psychological distress. This study aimed to explore the moderating role of experiential avoidance on the association between cognitive fusion and psychological distress. The sample consisted of 297 college students who were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. Participants completed the Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire, and the Inventory of Depression and Anxiety Symptoms. It was found that experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion accounted for a significant amount of variance in depression (R.sup.2 = .51). Furthermore, experiential avoidance moderated the relationship between cognitive fusion and depression; follow-up analysis showed that experiential avoidance had a buffering effect of cognitive fusion on depression. With regard to anxiety, findings showed experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion accounted for a significant amount of variance in anxiety symptoms (R.sup.2 = .42), but the interaction between experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion was not significant. The findings suggest that experiential avoidance may play a moderating role with regard to the relation of cognitive fusion and depression, but not anxiety., Author(s): Issa Hekmati [sup.1] , Hamed Abdollahpour Ranjbar [sup.2] , Mehmet Eskin [sup.2] , Chad E. Drake [sup.3] , Laura Jobson [sup.4] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.449862.5, 0000 0004 0518 4224, [...]

This study aimed to explore the possible indirect pathway between maternal reminiscing style and child socioemotional functioning (prosocial behaviors and emotional adjustment difficulties) through children's autobiographical memory (elaboration and specificity). A secondary exploratory aim was to examine whether cultural context moderated these indirect effects. Participants included 94 mother-child dyads drawn from middle- and high-income families in China and Australia. The dyads completed measures of child memory specificity, maternal report of child socioemotional functioning, and a shared emotional reminiscing task that assessed child memory elaboration and maternal sensitive guidance. Path analysis results indicated an indirect effect of maternal supportive reminiscing via child memory elaboration (but not memory specificity) on children's prosocial behaviors, regardless of the cultural group. However, there was no evidence to suggest an indirect pathway between maternal supportive reminiscing and child adjustment difficulties (or prosocial behaviors) through child memory specificity in either cultural context. These findings provide preliminary support to the recent conceptualization of an indirect pathway between maternal sensitive guidance during emotional reminiscing and children's prosocial behaviors through child memory elaboration. However, it is important to note that the cross-sectional design limits the causal inferences that can be drawn from the findings. The implications for memory specificity in child socioemotional functioning were less clear and indicated a need for further research in this area.

Background: This study examined executive functioning and episodic future thinking among Iranian women with breast cancer. Method: We recruited 40 healthy female community volunteers and 80 females with breast cancer (either currently undergoing chemotherapy n = 40 or not undergoing chemotherapy n = 40). Participants were assessed using cognitive tasks that assessed executive functioning and episodic future thinking and a measure of cancer-related fatigue. Results: Both cancer groups had poorer performance than controls on all measures of executive functioning and episodic future thinking. Those undergoing chemotherapy had poorer performance on all measures of executive functioning than those not undergoing chemotherapy. Cross-sectional mediation analyses revealed cancer-related fatigue had a significant mediator role between cancer group and executive functioning and episodic future thinking. Conclusion: Those with breast cancer, particularly those undergoing chemotherapy, may be experiencing cognitive difficulties. These cognitive concerns should be considered by health teams as addressing these impairments may assist in improving quality of life and treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Significant research has investigated the relationship between mother--child reminiscing and children's autobiographical memory development. It has been suggested that mothers who adopt a high elaborative reminiscing style tend to have children who provide greater memory elaboration during joint reminiscing, yet the empirical findings are somewhat mixed. To address this issue, a systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted to investigate the relationship between maternal elaborative reminiscing and child autobiographical memory elaboration. Thirty-four cross-sectional and longitudinal studies from peer-reviewed journals and published dissertations were included in the review. Of those, 31 studies had available data for meta-analytic analyses of the maternal reminiscing variables identified in the review. Findings from this study provided strong evidence indicating that high elaborative maternal reminiscing was associated with children's ability to provide greater detailed personal memory, both concurrently and longitudinally. Among maternal elaborative reminiscing elements identified, mothers' open-ended elaboration and positive evaluation were found to be most related to child memory elaboration. More research is needed to identify the effects of sociocultural contexts on the relationship between maternal elaborative reminiscing and child memory elaboration.

Symptoms evoked in individuals with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) when processing trauma-relevant material arguably impair higher order cognitive functions. An example is working memory capacity (WMC), which has been shown to be disrupted by affective distractors. However, it is unknown whether this association varies across different types of PTSD symptoms. This study explored the association between WMC performed in affective (relative to neutral) contexts in relation to different symptoms of PTSD (avoidance, re-experiencing, hyperarousal). Motor vehicle accident survivors with PTSD and without PTSD completed a delayed-match-to-sample task including trauma-related, neutral, and scrambled distractors in the interval between the presentation of the memoranda and the recognition target. The results showed that there was support for an indirect pathway between PTSD diagnosis and WMC performed in affective (versus neutral) contexts through re-experiencing and avoidance symptoms. The findings suggest that avoidance symptoms in particular may benefit from interventions directed at improving WMC.

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