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This study analyzes the allelic frequency distribution of 17 STRs contained in the AmpF l STR Identifiler (Applied Biosystems) and PowerPlex16 System (Promega) commercial kits for two large population samples from the Azores archipelago (Portugal) ( N =475) and from Central Portugal ( N =2125). Likewise, it includes a comparative study among the population groups analyzed in this paper and those which history points out as originating from the first settlers of the Azores. All loci were highly polymorphic. The Central Portuguese area and the Azores archipelago population samples are in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium for the 17 markers analyzed.

Death due to submersion is of great interest from the medical-legal point of view, given the increase in nautical activity among children and adults alike over the past number of years. However, the lack of reliable statistical data concerning the impact of this specific form of death in our country must be emphasized. These are the circumstances that have led us to study the incidence of this form of death in a specific area. The population analyzed lived in the city of Sevilla during the period 1967-1993.

17 Y-chromosome STR loci (DYS19, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS456, DYS391, DYS392, DYS393, DYS385 a/b, DYS458, DYS439, DYS635, GATA H4.1, DYS437, DYS438 and DYS448) were determined for 303 unrelated males, living in Central Portugal, using the AmpFlSTR ® YFiler™ PCR Amplification kit (Applied Biosystems). A total of 287 different haplotypes were found, 272 being unique. The overall haplotype diversity (HD) was determined as 0.9996, a value similar to other YFiler data sets. Y-STR polymorphisms in Central Portugal population, using YFiler, provide a powerful discrimination tool for routine forensic applications.

The importance of non-codifying DNA polymorphism for the administration of justice is now well known. In Spain, however, this type of test has given rise to questions in recent years: (a) Should consent be obtained before biological samples are taken from an individual for DNA analysis? (b) Does society perceive these techniques and methods of analysis as being reliable? (c) There appears to be lack of knowledge concerning the basic norms that regulate databases containing private or personal information and the protection that information of this type must be given. This opinion survey and the subsequent analysis of the results in ethical terms may serve to reveal the criteria and the degree of information that society has with regard to DNA databases. In the study, 73.20% (SE 1.12%) of the population surveyed was in favour of specific legislation for computer files in which DNA analysis results for forensic purposes are stored.

The Y-chromosome haplotypes defined by nine STRs (DYS19, DYS385, DYS389I, DYS389II, DYS390, DYS391, DYS392 and DYS393) were studied in 207 unrelated individuals from Central Portugal and 63 from Azores Islands. The most common haplotype in Central Portugal was shared by 3.4% of the males, while 160 haplotypes were unique. In Azores Islands the most common haplotype was shared by 6.4% of the males, while 40 haplotypes were unique. The values of haplotype diversity were 0.993 for Central Portugal and 0.976 for Azores Islands. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6T6W-48R7CXN-1/1/921115711681536bc2c8cd4b3f277555

The genetic polymorphism of group-specific component (GC) was analysed in a sample of 443 healthy unrelated subjects of both sexes resident in the province of Cadiz (Southern Spain). Isoelectric focusing was carried out in polyacrylamide gels followed by staining with coomassie blue R 250. The estimated gene frequencies were as follows: GC* 1S = 0.6185; GC* 1F = 0.1162; GC*2 = 0.2652. Der genetische Polymorphismus GC (group-specific component) wurde in einer Stichprobe von 443 gesunden, unverwandten Personen beiderlei Geschlechts aus der Region der Provinz von Cadiz (Sudspanien) untersucht. Isoelektrische Fokussierung wurde in Polyacrylamid-Gelen durchgefuhrtmit nachfolgender Anfarbung mit Coomassie Blau R 250. Die geschatzten Gen-Frequenzen waren wiefolgt: GC1S = 0,6185; GCIF = 0,1162; GC2 – 0,2652.

The genetic polymorphism of transferrin (Tf) was studied in a sample of 385 healthy unrelated subjects of both sexes resident in the province of Cadiz (southern Spain). Isoelectric focusing was carried out in polyacrylamide gels, followed by staining with Coomassie Blue R250. The gene frequencies obtained were as follows: Tf C1, 0.7922; Tf C2, 0.1883; Tf C3, 0.0195.

In this work, the authors report a plasminogen (PLG) system genetic-population study in a sample of 378 healthy subjects, of both sexes and unrelated, all resident in the province of Cadiz in Southern Spain. In this study, the PLG types were determined by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels (PAGIF), followed by staining with Coomassie blue. The genic frequencies obtained were the following: PLG A = 0.833 333 3; PLG B = 0.166 666 7.