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Neste trabalho, objetivou-se determinar a diversidade florística e a estrutura fitossociológica da vegetação arbórea em gradiente topográfico de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana (Mata do Mumbaça), município de Dionísio-MG (19º48'S e 42º31'W). Todos os indivíduos lenhosos com diâmetro ao nível do peito (1,3m) ≥ 10cm foram medidos em 1,2 ha distribuídos em 120 parcelas 10 × 10m de modo a contemplar quatro unidades topográficas (Rampa Baixa, Baixa Encosta, Alta Encosta e Topo). Foram amostrados 2990 indivíduos com um total de 132 espécies, pertencentes a 92 gêneros, representados em 38 famílias. As faixas Alta Encosta e Topo apresentaram maior número de indivíduos, 870 e 822, respectivamente. As faixas que apresentaram maiores valores de área basal foram Rampa Baixa 24,60 m²/ha-1 e Topo 19,36 m²/ha-1. Somente Casearia arborea e Anadenanthera peregrina estiveram presentes entre as dez espécies mais importantes nas quatro faixas, porém algumas espécies ocuparam posições de destaque nas diferentes áreas estudadas como Anadenanthera peregrina e Xylopia aromatica no Topo, Myrcia fallax e Dalbergia nigra na Alta Encosta, Tapirira guianensis e Hortia arborea na Baixa Encosta e Apuleia leiocarpa e Siparuna guianensis na Rampa Baixa. This study aimed to determine the floristic diversity and phytossociological structure of trees in a topographic gradient of lower montane semideciduous forest (Mata do mumbaça), municipality of Dionísio-MG (19 º 48'S and 42 º 31'W). All woody individuals with diameter at breast height (1.3m) ≥ 10cm were measured on 1.2 ha distributed in 120 plots 10 × 10m in order to include four topographic units (Low Ramp, Lower Slope Upper Slope and top). It was sampled 2990 individuals with a total of 132 species belonging to 92 genera, represented in 38 families. The Upper Slope and the Top showed higher numbers of individuals, 870 and 822, respectively. The tracks with higher levels of basal area were Lower Slope 24, 60 m²/ha-1 and Top 19, 36 m²/ha-1. Only Casearia arborea and Anadenanthera peregrina were present among the ten most important species in the four tracks, but some species occupie prominent positions in the different areas studied as A. peregrina and Xylopia aromatica on Top, Myrcia fallax and Dalbergia nigra in the Upper Slope, Tapirira guianensis and Hortia arborea in Lower Slope and Apuleia leiocarpa and Siparuna guianensis in Low Ramp.

Global sustainability rests on a myriad of benefits provided by natural ecosystems that support human livelihoods and well-being, from biodiversity persistence to climate regulation. The undeniable importance of conserving tropical forests has drawn most of the conservation spotlight towards it. However, open ecosystems such as the Brazilian Campo Rupestre (rupestrian grassland), have been historically overlooked despite their high diversity and key associated ecosystem services. We highlight major current threats to the persistence of the Campo Rupestre emphasizing its ecological, social, cultural, geo-environmental, and economic importance. We call attention to the importance of the Campo Rupestre as a reservoir of biodiversity and ecosystem services and offer priority actions that resulted from discussions involving scientists, industry representatives, environmental managers, and other members of civil society. Proposed actions include efforts related to ecological restoration, sustainable ecotourism, protection of traditional ecological knowledge, identification of emerging research questions, and development of tailored public policies. Such issues are integrated into a framework that collectively represents a road map to safeguard the Campo Rupestre from further degradation and steer its historical overexploitation towards sustainable management. Safeguarding the future of non-forest biomes like this poses a challenge to current paradigms of nature conservation. By establishing priorities and guidelines, we propose an actionable plan, which we hope can support informed decision-making policy towards a sustainable use of the Campo Rupestre. Long Term Ecological Research PELD-CRSC-17 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas CNPq/MCTI Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo 2013/50155-0, 2010/51307-0, 2019/07773-1