Search

Your search keyword '"Joanne Paul-Murphy"' showing total 21 results
Start Over Author "Joanne Paul-Murphy"
21 results on '"Joanne Paul-Murphy"'

1. Pain Recognition and Assessment in Birds

Author

Nicole A, Mikoni, David Sanchez-Migallon, Guzman, and Joanne, Paul-Murphy

Subjects
Birds, Animals, Pain, General Medicine, Small Animals, Pain Measurement
Abstract

The recognition and assessment of pain in avian species are crucial tools in providing adequate supportive care in clinical, laboratory, zoologic, rehabilitation, and companion animal settings. With birds being a highly diverse class of species, there is still much to be determined regarding how to create specific criteria to recognize and assess pain in these animals. This article provides a clinical review on the physiology of pain in birds, observed behavioral and physiologic alterations with pain, how different sources and degrees of pain can alter behaviors observed, and how this information can be applied in a clinical setting.

Published
2023

2. Evaluation of a Fluoroscopic Angiography Protocol in Hispaniolan Amazon Parrots (

Author

Theresa L, Aller, David Sanchez-Migallon, Guzman, Joshua A, Stern, Jamie M, Douglas, Bryce M, Golsen, Tracy L, Drazenovich, and Joanne, Paul-Murphy

Subjects
Amazona, Fluoroscopy, Angiography, Animals
Abstract

Fluoroscopic angiography evaluates the heart and vascular tree in real time and can be recorded for further diagnostic analysis and measurements. Although reports have been published of the use of fluoroscopic angiography in birds, this technique has not been evaluated in any avian species. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a fluoroscopic angiography protocol in 12 adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (

Published
2022

3. Recognition and Assessment of Pain-Related Behaviors in Avian Species: An Integrative Review

Author

Nicole A, Mikoni, David Sanchez-Migallon, Guzman, Erik, Fausak, and Joanne, Paul-Murphy

Subjects
Turkeys, Dogs, Ducks, Cats, Animals, Humans, Pain, Rabbits, General Medicine, Columbidae, Small Animals, Chickens, Pain Measurement
Abstract

The appropriate recognition and assessment of pain in animals is an essential tool that can be used by veterinary professionals, rehabilitators, household caregivers, and others to provide supportive care and analgesia to patients. Although the use of behavioral, postural, and facial changes to recognize pain have been studied in popular domestic species such as dogs (

Published
2022

4. Evaluation of weight-bearing, locomotion, thermal antinociception, and footpad size in a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus)

Author

Nicole A. Mikoni, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Hugues Beaufrere, and Joanne Paul-Murphy

Subjects
Male, Weight-Bearing, Parrots, General Veterinary, Animals, Cockatoos, Female, General Medicine, Carrageenan, Locomotion
Abstract

OBJECTIVES To evaluate a carrageenan-induced inflammatory model in the cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus) using weight-bearing load, rotational perch locomotion, thermal threshold withdrawal, and footpad dimensions. ANIMALS 16 adult cockatiels (8 males and 8 females). PROCEDURES Cockatiels were randomly assigned into 2 groups as either treatment (carrageenan injection; n = 8) or control (handling only; 8). Treatment of cockatiels involved unilateral subcutaneous injection of 0.05 mL of 1% lambda carrageenan solution into the left footpad. Control birds were handled in a similar manner without an injection. Following baseline measurements and treatment or control procedures, posttreatment measurements at multiple time points involving weight-bearing perch load (for up to 336 hours), locomotive abilities when placed on a rotating perch (for up to 96 hours), thermal withdrawal threshold (for the 24- to 30-hour period), and both vertical and horizontal left footpad size and degree of swelling (for up to 84 days) were obtained. RESULTS Treatment cockatiels had a significant decrease in left foot weight-bearing load and increase in left footpad dimensions and swelling grade over time compared to control cockatiels. Rotational perch locomotion and thermal withdrawal threshold, conversely, did not differ significantly between groups. Cockatiels injected with carrageenan returned to normal weight-bearing within 2 weeks; however, left footpad dimensions did not return to baseline. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Carrageenan footpad injection prompts a measurable and grossly visible inflammatory response in the cockatiel. Additionally, it induces alterations in weight-bearing distribution in injected birds. This model provides a method to evaluate inflammation and lameness in small psittacine species.

Published
2022

5. Evaluation of Oral Transmucosal Administration of Pentobarbital for Euthanasia of Conscious Wild Birds

Author

Sarah Jajou, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Hugues Beaufrère, Sara Gardhouse, Joanne Paul Murphy, and Michelle G. Hawkins

Subjects
Pentobarbital, General Veterinary, business.industry, Anesthesia, medicine, Animal Science and Zoology, business, medicine.drug
Abstract

This prospective study evaluated oral transmucosal pentobarbital sodium at three doses in 110 wild-caught wild birds requiring euthanasia. Birds received transmucosal pentobarbital at five (430 mg/kg), six (516 mg/kg), and seven times (602 mg/kg) the intravenous dose for mammals. Time to first effects and loss of consciousness, presence of pupillary light and corneal reflexes, apnea, and asystole were recorded each minute. When asystole was not achieved at 5 minutes, IV pentobarbital was administered. Combining data for all doses, loss of consciousness occurred at a median (range) of 2 minutes (0-4.75 min), apnea at 3 minutes (0-6 min), and asystole at 4 minutes (0.5-5 min). Loss of consciousness and apnea occurred significantly faster in the 602 mg/kg dose group than in the 430 mg/kg group (p = 0.009, difference of 0.6 ± 0.2 min; p = 0.024, difference of 0.7 ± 0.3 min), respectively. Apnea and asystole were achieved in 80/110 birds within 5 minutes. Oral transmucosal pentobarbital results in rapid loss of consciousness and respiratory arrest and provides a reliable alternative euthanasia method compared to intravenous administration.

Published
2021

6. Crotalid Polyvalent F(ab)2 Antivenom Treatment in a Red-Tailed Hawk (

Author

Acacia, Masri, Kyra J, Berg, Joanne, Paul-Murphy, and David Sanchez-Migallon, Guzman

Subjects
Antivenins, Bird Diseases, Lymphopenia, Animals, Snake Bites, Female, Crotalinae, Hypoalbuminemia, Hawks
Abstract

Envenomation in avian species can result in death, with few cases of successful treatment described. A juvenile, wild-caught, intact female red-tailed hawk (

Published
2022

7. Diagnosis and treatment of Candida glabrata proventriculitis in an eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus)

Author

Kyra J. Berg, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Michelle G. Hawkins, and Barbara A. Byrne

Subjects
Parrots, General Veterinary, Bird Diseases, Stomach Diseases, Animals, Candida glabrata, Female
Abstract

CASE DESCRIPTION An 8-year-old sexually intact female eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) with a 4-day history of hyporexia and lethargy and a 1-day history of tenesmus was examined. CLINICAL FINDINGS Severe leukocytosis characterized by severe heterophilia and moderate monocytosis was present. Marked dilation of the proventriculus and ventriculus and ascites were identified by means of radiography, coelomic ultrasonography, and contrast-enhanced CT, with no clinically relevant motility noted on ultrasonography. Results of coelomic fluid analysis were consistent with pyogranulomatous effusion. Endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract following proventricular and ventricular lavage showed a thick caseous plaque occupying 30% of the caudal proventricular mucosa. Abundant yeast organisms were evident during cytologic examination of a proventricular and ventricular wash sample, and fecal culture yielded Candida glabrata. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME The bird was treated with SC fluids, assisted feedings, nystatin, fluconazole, amoxicillin–clavulanic acid, enrofloxacin, gastroprotectants, maropitant, and analgesics and slowly improved during hospitalization. A marked decrease in proventricular dilation was evident on serial radiographs obtained over a 12-month period. One year after diagnosis, the bird was presented with a 1-week history of hyporexia and lethargy, and fecal culture grew C glabrata. Antifungal treatment was resumed for 3 months. The bird had no clinical signs of infection 16 months after this recurrence, and subsequent fecal cultures were negative for fungal growth. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Findings illustrate the importance of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in diagnosing proventricular and ventricular dilation in birds and emphasize the need for long-term antifungal treatment and monitoring in birds with fungal infections.

Published
2021

8. NEOURETEROCYSTOSTOMY AND URETHRAL STENT PLACEMENT IN A BLACK-HANDED SPIDER MONKEY (

Author

Sarah, Ozawa, David Sanchez-Migallon, Guzman, Carrie A, Palm, Jessica, Robertson, Amy, Norvall, Eunju, Choi, Melissa, Roy, Joanne, Paul-Murphy, and William T N, Culp

Subjects
Monkey Diseases, Animals, Ateles geoffroyi, Animals, Zoo, Female, Stents, Cystotomy, Ureter
Abstract

A 27-y-old female black-handed spider monkey (

Published
2021

9. Contributors

Author

Michael J. Adkesson, Patricia Aguilar-Calvo, Bianca Nascimento de Alcantara, Matthew C. Allender, Leonardo Arias-Bernal, Cheryl Asa, Kay A. Backues, James E. Bailey, Karen Bauman, Katherine Belov, Mad Frost Bertelsen, Jocelyn Bezner, Ellen Bronson, Peter Buss, Kenneth Cameron, Michelle Campbell-Ward, Lilian Silva Catenacci, Norin Chai, Sathya K. Chinnadurai, Bruce Christensen, Meredith Martin Clancy, Leigh Clayton, Carmen M.H. Colitz, Galaxia Cortes-Hinojosa, José Luis Crespo-Picazo, Liza Dadone, Marietta Dindo Danforth, Sharon L. Deem, Rosalie Dench, Marion Renée Desmarchelier, Nicola Di Girolamo, Dante Luis Di Nucci, Jessica A. Emerson, Jonathan H. Epstein, Claire Erlacher-Reid, Joseph P. Flanagan, Brett Fundak, Laurie J. Gage, Kathryn C. Gamble, Daniel García-Párraga, Michael M. Garner, Timothy A. Georoff, Kirsten V.K. Gilardi, Martin Gilbert, Steven M. Goodman, Mark Greenberg, Alex David Greenwood, Carsten Grøndahl, Catherine Hadfield, Bálint Halpern, Sarah Hamer, Elizabeth E. Hammond, Robert Harman, Sonia Maria Hernandez, Carolyn Hodo, Erik Hofmeister, Carolyn J. Hogg, Lauren Lynn Howard, Marina Ivančić, Gwen Jankowski, Donald L. Janssen, Carles Juan-Sallés, Kurnia Oktavia Khairani, Matthew E. Kinney, Laura M. Kleinschmidt, Richard Anthony Kock, Corinne P. Kozlowski, Jennifer N. Langan, Alexis Lécu, Gregory A. Lewbart, Kerrie Anne T. Loyd, Imke Lüeders, Khursheed Mama, Christoph Mans, Rachel E. Marschang, Paolo R. Martelli, Gerardo Martinez, Jonna A.K. Mazet, Denise McAloose, Carol U. Meteyer, Michele A. Miller, Ellie Milnes, Christine Molter, Santiago Monsalve, Pete Morkel, Hayley Weston Murphy, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Yvonne Nadler, Julia E. Napier, Pierre Nel, Pauline Nol, Sean O'Sullivan, Francisco Olea-Popelka, Klaus Osterrieder, Annie Page-Karjian, Jean A. Paré, Adriana Pastor, Joost Philippa, Wouter Pieters, Timothy J. Portas, Robin W. Radcliffe, Jan Raines, Bonnie L. Raphael, Fidisoa Rasambainarivo, Patricia Reed, Jack C. Rhyan, Bruce Rideout, John Roberts, Sarah Robinson, Gianmarco Rojas Moreno, Laura Elizabeth Rosen, Elizabeth Marie Rush, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Willem Schaftenaar, Michael R. Schirmacher, Debra A. Schmidt, Kathryn E. Seeley, Michelle E. Shaw, Christina J. Sigurdson, Kurt K. Sladky, Dale Smith, Kristine Smith, Endre Sós, Gerhard Steenkamp, Darrel K. Styles, Hui Suk-Wai, Kathleen E. Sullivan, John M. Sykes, Jessica J. Talbot, Washington Tapia, Karen A. Terio, Scott Terrell, Arshad Haroon Toosy, Dominic A. Travis, Kathryn A. Tuxbury, Eduardo V. Valdes, Caroline Van Hemert, Carrie K. Vance, Michelle L. Verant, Larry Vogelnest, Chris Walzer, Jim Wellehan, Ellen Wiedner, Peregrine L. Wolff, Enrique Yarto-Jaramillo, and Jeffery R. Zuba

Published
2019

10. True Parrots (Psittacoidea)

Author

Victoria A. Cussen, Kirk C. Klasing, Joanne Paul‐Murphy, and Joy A. Mench

Subjects
Health problems, Biology
Published
2018

11. Contributors

Author

Mélanie Ammersbach, Natalie Antinoff, Heather Barron, Hugues Beaufrère, R. Avery Bennett, Laurie Bergman, Jeleen A. Briscoe, James W. Carpenter, Thomas E. Catanzaro, Crissa Cooey, Lorenzo Crosta, Ricardo de Matos, Robert Doneley, Michael Scott Echols, Dorianne Elliott, Nienke Endenburg, Brenna Colleen Fitzgerald, Susan G. Friedman, Alan M. Fudge, Brett D. Gartrell, Stacey Gelis, Jennifer Graham, Cheryl B. Greenacre, James M. Harris, Michelle G. Hawkins, Darryl Heard, Edward W. Hsu, Hillar Klandorf, Eric Klaphake, V. Wensley Koch, Elizabeth Koutsos, Charlotte Lacroix, Nathaniel K.Y. Lam, Delphine Laniesse, Angela Lennox, Anna Le Souef, Marla Lichtenberger, Michael Lierz, Johannes Thomas (Sjeng) Lumeij, Philip M. Marsh, An Martel, Anne McDonald, Alicia McLaughlin, Steve Mehler, Franck L.B. Meijboom, Alessandro Melillo, Michael Mison, Deborah Monks, Geoffrey P. Olsen, Glenn H. Olsen, Susan E. Orosz, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Helene Pendl, Olivia A. Petritz, David Phalen, Christal Pollock, Julia B. Ponder, Shane Raidal, Drury R. Reavill, Patrick Redig, Jorge Rivero, Jacob A. Rubin, Jeffrey J. Runge, Elizabeth Marie Rush, Jaime Samour, David Sanchez-Migallon Guzman, Robert E. Schmidt, Petra Schnitzer, Nico J. Schoemaker, Brian L. Speer, Nicole Stacy, Cynthia E. Stringfield, Darrel K. Styles, W. Michael Taylor, Ian Tizard, Yvonne R.A. van Zeeland, Claire Vergneau-Grosset, Frank Verstappen, Claudia M. Vinke, Patricia Wakenell, Kristin Warren, James F.X. Wellehan, Morena Wernick, Maggie Weston, Tina Wismer, Enrique Yarto-Jaramillo, and Ashley Zehnder

Published
2016

12. Contributors

Author

Leilani Alvarez, Steven C. Budsberg, Luis Campoy, Robin Downing, Mark E. Epstein, James S. Gaynor, Michelle G. Hawkins, Matthew Johnston, Darryl L. Millis, Craig Mosley, William W. Muir, Andrea Nolan, Mark G. Papich, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Bruno H. Pypendop, Matt Read, Jacqueline Reid, Sheilah A. Robertson, E. Marian Scott, Andrea R. Slate, Ashley J. Wiese, M. Lesley Wiseman-Orr, and Tony L. Yaksh

Published
2015

13. Radiographic anatomy and barium sulfate contrast transit time of the gastrointestinal tract of bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps)

Author

Claire, Grosset, Lise, Daniaux, David Sanchez-Migallon, Guzman, Ernest Scott, Weber, Allison, Zwingenberger, and Joanne, Paul-Murphy

Subjects
Gastrointestinal Tract, Male, Radiography, Reference Values, Animals, Contrast Media, Humans, Female, Lizards, Barium Sulfate
Abstract

The positive contrast gastrointestinal study is a common non-invasive diagnostic technique that does not require anesthesia and enables good visualization of the digestive tract. Radiographic anatomy and reference intervals for gastrointestinal contrast transit time in inland bearded dragons (Pogona vitticeps) were established using seven animals administered 15 ml/kg of a 35% w/v suspension of barium by esophageal gavage. Dorso-ventral and lateral radiographic views were performed at 0, 15, 30 min, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 h, and then every 12 h up to 96 h after barium administration. Gastric emptying was complete at a median time of 10 h (range 4-24 h). Median jejunum and small intestinal emptying times were 1 h (range 30 min-2 h) and 29 h (range 24-48 h), respectively. Median transit time for cecum was 10 h (range 8-12 h). Median time for contrast to reach the colon was 31 h (range 12-72 h) after administration. Results were compared to those obtained in other reptilian species. This technique appeared safe in fasted bearded dragons and would be clinically applicable in other lizard species.

Published
2014

14. Analgesia, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice : Analgesia, An Issue of Veterinary Clinics: Exotic Animal Practice

Author

Joanne Paul-Murphy and Joanne Paul-Murphy

Subjects
Exotic animals--Diseases--Treatment, Pain in animals--Treatment, Analgesia
Abstract

This issue will explore the latest research and clinical information concerning analgesia of exotic pet species. The majority of the issue will cover the use of analgesics in pet birds, reptiles, rabbits, amphibians, fish, and small mammals. Other articles will cover cross species analgesimetry and pharmacokinetics, tramadol use in zoological medicine, clinical application of acupuncture in zoological companion animals, and physical therapy for zoological companion animals.

Published
2011

15. Contributors

Author

Sean Aiken, Natalie Antinoff, Heather W. Barron, Louise Bauck, Teresa Bradley Bays, Judith A. Bell, R. Avery Bennett, Cynthia R. Bishop, Cynthia Brown, Susan A. Brown, Michelle L. Campbell-Ward, Vittorio Capello, James W. Carpenter, Stephen J. Divers, Thomas M. Donnelly, Peter G. Fisher, Anthony J. Fischetti, James G. Fox, Carley J. Giovanella, Jennifer Graham, Michelle G. Hawkins, Laurie Hess, Heidi L. Hoefer, Sharon M. Huston, Evelyn Ivey, Jeffrey R. Jenkins, Cathy A. Johnson-Delaney, Amy S. Kapatkin, Eric Klaphake, Marc S. Kraus, Pamela Ming-Show Lee, Angela M. Lennox, Marla Lichtenberger, Teresa Lightfoot, Andrew S. Loar, Lori Ludwig, Douglas R. Mader, Christoph Mans, Mark A. Mitchell, James K. Morrisey, Robert D. Ness, Barbara L. Oglesbee, Connie Orcutt, Peter J. Pascoe, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Anthony A. Pilny, Christal G. Pollock, Lauren V. Powers, Katherine E. Quesenberry, Karen L. Rosenthal, Jonathan Rubinstein, Andrea Siegel, Kathy Tater, Thomas N. Tully, Alexandra van der Woerdt, David Vella, James Walberg, Bruce H. Williams, Nicole R. Wyre, and Ashley Zehnder

Published
2012

16. Contributors

Author

Michael J. Adkesson, Amy Alexander, Jill Allread, Cheryl Asa, Anne E. Ballmann, Ursula Bechert, Roy G. Bengis, Rui I. Bernardino, Sally Boutelle, Elizabeth L. Buckles, Mitchell Bush, Peter E. Buss, Kenneth N. Cameron, Norin Chai, Scott B. Citino, Robert A. Cook, Graham Crawshaw, Carolyn Cray, Mark W. Cunningham, Sharon L. Deem, Ann Duncan, Gregory J. Fleming, Deidre K. Fontenot, Jeanette Fuller, Laurie J. Gage, Kathryn C. Gamble, Brett Gartrell, Martin Gilbert, Gwendolyn Griffith, Catherine Hadfield, Elizabeth E. Hammond, Jean-Michel Hatt, Michelle G. Hawkins, Gary S. Hayward, Dean A. Hendrickson, Robert Hermes, Sonia M. Hernandez, Thomas Bernd Hildebrandt, Robert Hilsenroth, Peter H. Holz, Lauren L. Howard, Ramiro Isaza, Richard Jakob-Hoff, Stephanie B. James, Donald L. Janssen, Christine K. Johnson, Randall E. Junge, Olga Martin Jurado, Jacques Kaandorp, Petra Kaczensky, William B. Karesh, Gretchen E. Kaufman, David E. Kenny, Pia Krawinkel, Andreas Kurth, Nadine Lamberski, William R. Lance, Jennifer N. Langan, Iris I. Levin, Mark Lynn Lloyd, Lesa Longley, Linda Lowenstein, Imke Lueders, Elizabeth J.B. Manning, Jonna A.K. Mazet, James F. McBain, Stephanie McCain, Rita McManamon, Thomas P. Meehan, Carol Uphoff Meteyer, James E. Miller, Michele A. Miller, Hayley Weston Murphy, Natalie D. Mylniczenko, Nicole M. Nemeth, Andreas Nitsche, Terry M. Norton, J. Lindsay Oaks, Justine O’Brien, Patricia G. Parker, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Linda M. Penfold, Allan P. Pessier, Johann 'Joost' Philippa, Shane R. Raidal, Edward C. Ramsay, Leslie Anne Reddacliff, Patricia E. Reed, Laura K. Richman, Gary Riggs, Nadia Robert, David A. Rubin, Charles E. Rupprecht, Stephanie Sanderson, Michael Schlegel, Kent J. Semmen, Jessica L. Siegal-Willott, Michelle L. Skurski, Dennis Slate, Jonathan Mark Sleeman, Andrea Brenes Soto, M. Andrew Stamper, Hanspeter W. Steinmetz, Mark Stetter, Jeffrey L. Stott, Cynthia Stringfield, Meg Sutherland Smith, Susan J. Tornquist, Eduardo V. Valdes, Michael T. Walsh, Christian Walzer, Kristen S. Warren, Martha A. Weber, Jim Wellehan, Christian J. Wenker, Ellen Wiedner, Pat Witman, Michael J. Yabsley, Nina Zimmermann, and Jeffery R. Zuba

Published
2012

17. Avian analgesia

Author

Michelle G. Hawkins and Joanne Paul-Murphy

Subjects
Analgesics, Opioid, Birds, Analgesics, Behavior, Animal, Species Specificity, Bird Diseases, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Animals, Pain, General Medicine, Analgesia, Small Animals, Pain Measurement
Abstract

Avian analgesia is now recognized as a critical component of avian medicine and surgery. The need to recognize pain and to provide pain relief is the first step, and many anecdotal therapeutic doses have been extrapolated from other companion animals. Several published research investigations, using several species of birds, have begun to provide avian analgesia therapeutic information for clinical application. The challenge is to continue pushing this research forward with appreciation that there are approximately 10,000 known species of birds, perhaps 200 species commonly kept as pets, and that each species has a range of behaviors as varied as their species-specific PKs and PDs to each analgesic drug.

Published
2010

19. Contributors

Author

Sean Aiken, Natalie Antinoff, Louise Bauck, Judith A. Bell, R. Avery Bennett, Craig Bihun, Rosie Booth, Dale L. Brooks, Susan A. Brown, David A. Crossley, Barbara J. Deeb, Thomas M. Donnelly, Richard S. Funk, Darryl J. Heard, Stephen J. Hernandez-Divers, Laurie Hess, Elizabeth V. Hillyer, Heidi L. Hoefer, Sharon M. Huston, Evelyn Ivey, Jeffrey R. Jenkins, Amy Kapatkin, Andrew S. Loar, Lori Ludwig, Douglas R. Mader, Mark A. Mitchell, James K. Morrisey, Holly S. Mullen, Michael J. Murray, Robert D. Ness, Connie Orcutt, Dorcas P. O'Rourke, Jean A. Paré, Joanne Paul-Murphy, Jean-Paul Petrie, Christal G. Pollock, Karen L. Rosenthal, Joseph D. Stefanacci, Thomas N. Tully, James Walberg, Charles A. Weiss, Bruce H. Williams, and Alexandra van der Woerdt

Published
2004

20. Association of Avian Technicians

Author

Jenny Hanson, Trudy Orme, Jerry Oppenheimer, and Joanne Paul-Murphy

Subjects
business.industry, Environmental health, Association (object-oriented programming), Medicine, business
Published
1989

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results