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Producing manure-based fertilizers (MBFs) with specific nutrient ratios is a solution to overpassing the imbalance of nitrogen and phosphorus in manures, and a way to recycle manure’s nutrients, promoting sustainable agricultural practices. Several MBFs with different tailored N:P ratios (0.5:1, 1:1 and 2:1) were produced to determine their agronomic value in a pot experiment with oat (0.5:1 ratio: cattle manure with pig slurry (CaM+PiS), cattle manure with poultry manure (CaM+PoM) and poultry manure with superphosphate (PoM+SP); 1:1 ratio: poultry manure with cattle slurry (PoM+CaS) and poultry manure with pig slurry (PoM+PiS); 2:1 ratio: cattle slurry with the liquid fraction of cattle slurry (CaS+CaS-LIQ), pig slurry with the liquid fraction of pig slurry (PiS+PiS-LIQ) and poultry manure with urea (PoM+U)). The performance of these MBFs was compared with conventional mineral fertilizers (MFs) in sandy soils (Haplic Arenosols) with different nutrient requirements. Oat fertilized with PoM+SP (0.5:1) and PoM+PiS (1:1) led to yields similar to those obtained with the use of MFs (6.3 and 7.2 mg DM, respectively). The MBFs PoM+SP and PoM+PiS, as well as PiS+PiS-LIQ (2:1), were agronomically equivalent to the MFs. N uptake with those MBFs was equivalent to that obtained with the MFs. Replacing MFs with MBFs in the basal fertilization of oat was demonstrated to be a solution to turn agriculture more sustainable by recycling nutrients efficiently. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Several solutions are today proposed to farmers to minimize ammonia (NH3) emissions during storage. In the present study, special attention was given to slurry acidification and slurry crust enhancement and our objective was to assess the effect of slurry bio-acidification using sugar and cheese whey as an alternative to sulphuric acid, and the potential of rice bran as crust enhancer on NH3 and greenhouse gases emissions during storage. Both the cheese whey and the rice bran are materials, available in large amounts, with low commercial value in some EU regions as Portugal and its use, at farm scale, will be a win-win situation. Sugar is also a good alternative to acid attending its relatively low value. A laboratory experiment was performed for 2 months with five treatments: non-treated cattle slurry (CTRL), slurry treated with sulphuric acid (ACID), slurry treated with sugar (SUGAR), slurry treated with cheese whey (WHEY) and rice bran applied on the slurry surface (RICE). The SUGAR treatment led to a reduction of NH3 emissions by 45% relative to CTRL while WHEY and RICE resulted in a reduction of 68% and 25%, respectively. Nevertheless, this effect of SUGAR and WHEY was shorter than in ACID, since NH3 emissions started to be observed in those 2 treatments after 31 and 35 days of storage, respectively. Nitrous oxide emissions remained close to zero in ACID and SUGAR. RICE led to the highest emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) releasing almost 5% of carbon present in the initial mixture (slurry þ rice bran) and presented the highest methane emissions. The ACID and SUGAR led to a significant decrease of the total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Our results indicate that bio-acidification using a source of sugar could be a good alternative to H2SO4 to reduce simultaneously NH3 and GHG emissions during storage info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

In a context of climate change and circular economy, it is fundamental to produce animal manure-based fertilizers attractive to farmers who are reluctant to use heterogeneous materials, poorly characterized and with unbalanced nutrient contents, namely N:P ratios different from plant requirements. Hence, the aim of the present study was to assess the potential of different treated and non-treated animal manures to produce tailor-made manure-based fertilizers with known N:P ratios. Seven manures were considered: cattle, caprine and poultry solid manures, two contrasting cattle slurries and two contrasting swine slurries. Slurries were further treated by solid-liquid separation, acidification, and acidification followed by solid-liquid separation. Raw and treated manures were fully characterized to assess the effect of manure type and treatment on their nutrient contents and N:P ratios, to incorporate them in manure-based fertilizers with selected N:P ratio. The present results were essential to support the manure-based fertilizer production and identify which materials could be considered: it appears clearly that the pig slurry with all stages of production and the correspondent liquid fraction cannot be used due to their low nutrients content. It was shown that the solid fractions rich in P and with a NT:N–NH4+ ratio close to 1 are an excellent material to prepare manure-based fertilizers. Acidification, combined with solidliquid separation, produced a liquid fraction rich in both N and P and with a NT:PT ratio close to 1, with the additional benefit of a slow N-release material. Some of the manures or sub-products obtained after treatment provided the usual N:P ratio required by farmers and could be used directly as substitutes of mineral fertilizers. Nevertheless, the blending of some of these materials has a stronger potential to the production of specific manure-based fertilizer info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion