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The current study investigated the motives that underlie support for COVID-19 preventive behaviorsin a large, cross-cultural sample of 12,758 individuals from 34 countries. We hypothesized that the associations of empathic prosocial concern and fear of disease, with support towards preventive COVID-19 behaviors would be moderated by the individual-level and country-level trust in the government. Results suggest that the association between fear of disease and support for COVID-19 preventive behaviors was strongest when trust in the government was weak (both at individual and country-level). Conversely, the association with empathic prosocial concern was strongest when trust was high, but this moderation was only found at individual-level scores of governmental trust. We discuss how both fear and empathy motivations to support preventive COVID-19 behaviors may be shaped by socio-cultural context, and outline how the present findings may contribute to a better understanding of collective action during global crises.

Este estudo resulta de uma investigação implementada num estágio da formação inicial de professores no 1.o ciclo do ensino básico. Centra-se na exploração didática da horta escolar e na literacia alimentar, articulando o ensino das ciências com as aprendizagens sobre uma alimentação saudável e sustentável. Tem como objetivos compreender as potencialidades da exploração didática da horta escolar para promover a literacia alimentar no 1.o ciclo; e compreender a importância do ensino do ciclo de consumo de alimentos e da Dieta Mediterrânica, através da horta escolar. Recorre-se à investigação sobre a prática para promover aprendizagens numa turma de 4.o ano, com recolha de dados por meio da observação participante; inquéritos por questionário e entrevista; e análise documental das produções dos alunos. O projeto é entendido como um desafio associado a um processo de ensino que vai para além dos limites físicos da sala de aula, ampliadas ao espaço da horta escolar, e pretende perspetivar a melhoria da prática pedagógica através da sua compreensão. Os resultados obtidos parecem evidenciar a progressão das aprendizagens dos alunos no âmbito da literacia alimentar, nomeadamente sobre: a horta escolar, os respetivos cuidados e benefícios para uma alimentação saudável e sustentável; o impacto ambiental e para a saúde dos ciclos de consumo alimentos; e o reconhecimento da Dieta Mediterrânica como estilo de vida saudável e sustentável. Deste modo, a exploração didática da horta escolar parece contribuir para a promoção da literacia alimentar dos alunos. This study results from an investigation implemented during an initial teacher training internship in elementary school. It focuses on the didactic exploration of the school vegetable garden and food literacy, linking science education with learning about healthy and sustainable eating. It aims to understand the potential of the didactic exploration of the school vegetable garden to promote food literacy in elementary school; and to understand the importance of teaching the food supply chains and the Mediterranean Diet, through the school vegetable garden, Practice research is used to promote learning in a 4th grade class, with data collected through participant observation; questionnaire and interview surveys; and document analysis of student productions. The project is seen as a challenge in the teaching process that goes beyond the physical limits of the classroom, extended to the space of the school vegetable garden. The results obtained seem to show the progression of the students' learning in food literacy regarding, namely, the school vegetable garden and respective care/ management and benefits for a healthy and sustainable diet; the environmental and health impact of food supply chains; and the recognition of the Mediterranean Diet as a healthy and sustainable lifestyle. Thus, the didactic exploration of the school garden seems to contribute to the promotion of students' food literacy.

A Transformação Digital é essencial à desburocratização de processos e procedimentos com vista ao surgimento de uma Administração Pública mais modernizada e mais próxima das necessidades dos cidadãos. Este processo, no entanto, pode tornar-se lento e complexo quando os trabalhadores apresentam insuficientes competências digitais. Assim, a adaptação dos trabalhadores da Administração Pública à Transformação Digital passa pela frequência de ações de formação profissional em áreas digitais. Nestes termos, os principais objetivos deste trabalho de investigação consistem em identificar o nível de literacia digital dos trabalhadores da Administração Pública percecionado pelos próprios e aferir as suas necessidades formativas em competências digitais. Adicionalmente, procurou-se ainda inferir os principais benefícios que os participantes em ações de formação atribuem à mesma e que características profissionais e demográficas mais propiciam a frequência em ações de formação profissional. A metodologia adotada consistiu numa abordagem quantitativa, com recurso à utilização de dados primários. O instrumento de recolha de dados utilizado foi o inquérito por questionário, disponibilizado em várias plataformas online. Foram contabilizadas 618 respostas, das quais foram validadas 611. A análise de dados foi efetuada com recurso a várias técnicas estatísticas, nomeadamente, modelos de regressão linear e logística, coeficientes de correlação e medidas de tendência central (média) e de dispersão (desvio padrão). Segundo a perceção dos próprios, a literacia digital dos trabalhadores da amostra, em média, situa-se entre o nível básico e intermédio e verificam-se maiores necessidades de formação em Cibersegurança, Sistemas de comunicação por videoconferências e Tecnologia Cloud. Os resultados revelaram que, no geral, trabalhadores do género feminino e trabalhadores com maiores níveis de escolaridade tendem a frequentar mais ações de formação. Revelaram ainda que existe uma relação negativa entre a formação profissional e um vínculo laboral mais estável. Já a relação entre a formação profissional e a idade não apresenta significado estatístico em nenhum dos modelos estimados.

More and more workplaces need employees who can work effectively with people of diverse cultural contexts. Cultural intelligence is a core social ability to interact successfully in cross-cultural environments. The Short Form measure of Cultural Intelligence (SFCQ) has been validated in several countries, although not for Portuguese-speaking countries. This paper describes the findings of three studies conceived to validate the SFCQ in the Portuguese language. The first study supports the SFCQ scale as unidimensional with three intermediate facets and possessing adequate internal consistency in a sample of college students (N = 217). In favor of construct validity, the instrument is weakly associated with but dissimilar to ethnocentrism and personality and is positively related to various markers of multicultural experience. Regarding criterion-validity, the SFCQ is related, as expected, to sociocultural adaptation and having a close friend from another culture. The second study supports the construct validity and the concurrent validity of the Portuguese SFCQ scale using a different sample of national college students (N = 195). The final study (N = 181) also supported the construct, the convergent, and the criterion-related validities of the Portuguese SFCQ scale in a sample of international students. It merits noting that in these three studies cultural intelligence emerged as a second-order single factor with three first-order factors, in particular, cultural knowledge, cultural skills, and cultural metacognition. These results substantiate the validity of the SFCQ and demonstrate this Portuguese version as a tool with substantial evidence for easily assessing cultural intelligence.

Background and Purpose: The mechanisms linking systemic inflammation to poor outcome in ischemic stroke are not fully understood. The authors investigated if peripheral inflammation following reperfusion therapy leads to an increase in cerebral edema (CED), thus hindering the clinical recovery. Methods: We designed a single-center study conducted at Centro Hospitalar Universitário São João between 2017 and 2019. Inclusion criteria were being adult, having an anterior circulation acute ischemic stroke, and receiving reperfusion therapy. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratios, and the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria were determined. The presence and grade of CED were evaluated on the computed tomography performed 24 hours following event. The clinical outcomes included early neurological deterioration and functional dependence at 90 days. Adjusted odds ratio and 95% CI were obtained by ordinal and logistic regression models. Optimal cutoff values were defined using receiver operating characteristic analysis in the training cohort and validated in an independent data set. Results: Five hundred fifty-three patients were included. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte increased with higher degrees of CED at 24 hours (adjusted odds ratio, 1.34 [1.09–1.68], P P P Conclusions: Increased systemic inflammation is linked to the severity of CED early after reperfusion therapy in stroke. Easily obtained inflammatory markers convey early warning alerts for patients at risk of severe neurological complications with an impact on long-term functional outcome. CED quantification should be included as an end point in proof-of-concept trials in immunomodulation in stroke.

The Satisfaction with Family Life Scale (SWFLS) is a measure of a person's satisfaction with their family life as a whole that has been used in different cultural contexts. However, its internal structure and factorial invariance have not been investigated simultaneously in culturally different samples from America and Europe. The current study aims to evaluate the internal structure and factorial invariance of the SWLFS in adolescents from Peru and Portugal, through a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis. The study was conducted on 439 adolescents from Peru (

The aim of this study is to examine whether a preference for specific assessment methods in higher education is associated with personality and character strengths. Two-hundred and seventy Portuguese students completed a survey of character strengths, a Big Five personality test and their preference for each of six higher education assessment methods. Participants most favoured continuous assessment and multiple choice over viva voce and dissertations. Regression analysis showed that demographic factors, character strengths and personality accounted for 3–7% of the variance in the preferred examination method. Findings partially replicate previous investigations. Limitations and further research options are suggested.

The citrus greening disease or Huanglongbing (HLB) is the most devastating disease of citrus crops. Trioza erytreae is a vector of HLB. Since its introduction in Europe, the insect reached the northern region of Spain and the southern region of Portugal, threatening relevant citrus production areas. Limiting the spread of HLB vectors is mandatory to prevent this disease. In this work, we assessed the effect of kaolin, a white mineral clay, on the landing, settling behavior and feeding behavior of Trioza erytreae on lemon plants.After kaolin application, the number of plants on which the insect was found was significantly lower than on untreated plants in the laboratory and in the field. Moreover, there were significantly fewer T. erytreae and a shorter duration of phloem-related events on kaolin-treated than untreated plants.The use of kaolin could be a suitable and efficient tool for inclusion into integrated pest management programs or organic production to reduce populations of T. erytreae and subsequently limit the spread of HLB in citrus crops. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John WileySons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Warming increases the metabolic demand of consumers1, strengthening their feeding interactions2. This could alter energy fluxes3–5 and even amplify extinction rates within the food web6–8. Such effects could simplify the structure and dynamics of ecological networks9,10, although an empirical test in natural systems has been lacking. Here, we tested this hypothesis by characterizing around 50,000 directly observed feeding interactions across 14 naturally heated stream ecosystems11–15. We found that higher temperature simplified food-web structure and shortened the pathways of energy flux between consumers and resources. A simple allometric diet breadth model10,16 predicted 68–82% of feeding interactions and the effects of warming on key food-web properties. We used model simulations to identify the underlying mechanism as a change in the relative diversity and abundance of consumers and their resources. This model shows how warming can reduce the stability of aquatic ecosystems by eroding the structural integrity of the food web. Given these fundamental drivers, such responses are expected to be manifested more broadly and could be predicted using our modelling framework and knowledge of how warming alters some routinely measured characteristics of organisms. Observations of feeding interactions show that warming simplifies the structure of food webs in stream ecosystems. Simulations show that consumer diversity and changes in abundance drive this simplification and can reduce ecosystem stability.

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Non-Governmental Organizations (NGO) have an important role in the development of societies and communities and in the promotion of citizens engagement towards a fairer world. Assessing the development and the quality of life of people and countries should be based on a perspective that goes beyond economic indicators, and sustainable development (SD) has to be seriously assumed. Understanding the impact of NGO in the SD of developing countries is not a simple challenge; it implies the use of several concepts, such as SD, education, economic development and poverty. This thesis studies the impact of NGO in SD focusing on a particular African country - STP. Based on a review of fundamental concepts, a methodology was defined and applied, aimed to evaluate indicators of the SD goals. The specific case of the NGO MOVE in STP was worked using results from questionnaires to entrepreneurs. A main, and in some way expected, conclusion is that data is not enough to allow a clear analysis. Anyway, the available data indicates that NGO are impacting the SD of the country, namely regarding healthy lives and well-being, quality education and lifelong learning opportunities. Nevertheless, this impact could be higher and better. Thus, and to promote more efficiency, it is recommended to properly monitor, register and analyse the work developed by NGO. It is also suggested that NGO, government and other institutions and entities should more frequently work together and combine efforts in order to achieve a stronger evolution towards sustainable development. As Organizações Não-Governamentais (ONG) têm um importante papel no desenvolvimento das sociedades e comunidades, tal como no empoderamento dos cidadãos e na promoção de um mundo mais justo. O desenvolvimento e a qualidade vida das pessoas e dos países deve assentar em critérios não unicamente económicos, sendo fundamental uma perspetiva holística, que potencie o desenvolvimento sustentável (DS). Compreender o impacto das ONG no DS dos países em desenvolvimento não é um desafio simples; implica a aplicação de diversos conceitos, tais como pobreza, educação e desenvolvimento económico. Esta tese estuda o impacto das ONG no DS, focando-se num país Africano em particular - São Tomé e Príncipe (STP). Visando avaliar o desempenho relativo aos indicadores dos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, e com base numa revisão de conceitos fundamentais, foi definida e aplicada uma metodologia coerente com as especificidades de STP. O caso específico da ONG MOVE em STP foi trabalhado recorrendo aos resultados de um inquérito realizado aos empreendedores. A principal, e de alguma forma expectável, conclusão é que os dados disponíveis não são suficientes para uma análise sólida. Não obstante, estes dados indicam que as ONG impactam o DS do país, principalmente nas áreas da saúde e bem-estar e da educação. Todavia, este impacto pode ser maior e melhor. Recomenda-se monitorizar adequadamente, registar e analisar sistematicamente o trabalho desenvolvido pelas ONG. Sugere-se também que ONG, Governo e outras instituições e entidades trabalhem em conjunto e combinem, com mais frequência, esforços para uma evolução mais significativa em direção ao DS.

The Breast Size Satisfaction Survey (BSSS) was established to assess women's breast size dissatisfaction and breasted experiences from a cross-national perspective. A total of 18,541 women were recruited from 61 research sites across 40 nations and completed measures of current-ideal breast size discrepancy, as well as measures of theorised antecedents (personality, Western and local media exposure, and proxies of socioeconomic status) and outcomes (weight and appearance dissatisfaction, breast awareness, and psychological well-being). in the total dataset, 47.5 % of women wanted larger breasts than they currently had, 23.2 % wanted smaller breasts, and 29.3 % were satisfied with their current breast size. There were significant cross-national differences in mean ideal breast size and absolute breast size dissatisfaction, but effect sizes were small (eta(2) = .02-.03). the results of multilevel modelling showed that greater Neuroticism, lower Conscientiousness, lower Western media exposure, greater local media exposure, lower financial security, and younger age were associated with greater breast size dissatisfaction across nations. in addition, greater absolute breast size dissatisfaction was associated with greater weight and appearance dissatisfaction, poorer breast awareness, and poorer psychological well-being across nations. These results indicate that breast size dissatisfaction is a global public health concern linked to women's psychological and physical well-being. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved., Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA)Orszagos Tudomanyos Kutatasi Alapprogramok (OTKA) [K125437], Data collection in Hungary was supported by a Hungarian Scientific Research Fund (OTKA) awarded to the sixty-third author (K125437).

Environmental warming places physiological constraints on organisms, which may be mitigated by their feeding behavior. Theory predicts that consumers should increase their feeding selectivity for more energetically valuable resources in warmer environments to offset the disproportionate increase in metabolic demand relative to ingestion rate. This may also result in a change in feeding strategy or a shift towards a more specialist diet. This study used a natural warming experiment to investigate temperature effects on the feeding selectivity of three freshwater invertebrate grazers: the snail Radix balthica, the blackfly larva Simulium aureum, and the midgefly larva Eukiefferiella minor. Chesson’s Selectivity Index was used to compare the proportional abundance of diatom species in the guts of each invertebrate species with corresponding rock biofilms sampled from streams of different temperature. The snails became more selective in warmer streams, choosing high profile epilithic diatoms over other guilds and feeding on a lower diversity of diatom species. The blackfly larvae appeared to switch from active collector gathering of sessile high profile diatoms to more passive filter feeding of motile diatoms in warmer streams. No changes in selectivity were observed for the midgefly larvae, whose diet was representative of resource availability in the environment. These results suggest that key primary consumers in freshwater streams, which constitute a major portion of invertebrate biomass, can change their feeding behavior in warmer waters in a range of different ways. These patterns could potentially lead to fundamental changes in the flow of energy through freshwater food webs.

Accepted: 19 Oct. 2021 Introduction: In recent years, greater attention has been paid to research on sexual satisfaction because of its association with general well-being and increased interest in sexual and public health issues. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Satisfaction with Sex Life Scale (SWSLS). Methods: 2,154 Portuguese individuals (M = 34.67 years, SD = 17.18) participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and item response theory (IRT) were used. Specifically, the internal structure, reliability and factor invariance of the SWSLS were evaluated by sex and age, as well as the characteristics and performance of the items based on the IRT analysis. Results: The SWSLS Confirmatory Factor Analysis confirmed that a one-dimensional model fit the data well, both for the total sample and for each sex and age group. Furthermore, the SWSLS has adequate reliability for internal consistency. Factor invariance across sex and age was supported by confirmatory multigroup factor analysis. The graduated response model showed a good fit for the one-dimensional model, while the item and test information curves indicated that the SWSLS is more informative to identify high levels of sexual satisfaction. Conclusion: The SWSLS has adequate psychometric properties to measure general sexual satisfaction in the Portuguese population regardless of age and sex. Revisión por pares Los Olivos

The appearance and development of the Internet created a new paradigm in the marketing area, where companies are becoming increasingly focused on developing a customer centricity strategy in order to create a more engaging relationship with the customers. This Work Project aims to analyse, measure and evaluate the impact of PCDIGA’s communication channels and respective strategies to establish contact with their customers, namely through marketing campaigns via e-mail or social media platforms. According to the data collected and knowledge gathered, some recommendations, suggestion for improvements and initiatives were proposed in order to align with a customer-centric strategy.

Com a crescente exigência do consumidor, surge uma enorme necessidade das empresas se adaptarem às novas tendências de mercado, e nada melhor do que o desenvolvimento do Marketing Digital e do Inbound Marketing. Dado esse sentimento de expansão, as empresas cada vez mais se internacionalizam para outros mercados. No Marketing Digital não é exceção. Neste relatório surgiu a curiosidade de estudar o comportamento do consumidor português, mais difícil de atrair, e o consumidor argentino, que apesar de a literatura considerar um utilizador mais conservador e com menos acesso às novas tecnologias, surpreende com os resultados obtidos pela aluna. Ferramentas como Google AdWords e Facebook Ads, surgiram como propósito de ultrapassar os métodos tracionais de gestão e lançamento de campanhas, tornaram o Marketing mais facilmente mensurável e criaram a possibilidade de obter dia após dia os resultados reais das várias campanhas. Online Display Advertising, baseada em publicidade gráfica e visual, é o tipo de campanha maioritariamente utilizado na empresa de estágio e o caso de estudo. Com uma grande variedade de métricas possíveis de analisar, no seguinte documento, é medido através de: Conversões, Cost/Conv. e CTR. Por ser possível obter os resultados das campanhas a cada instante que o gestor pretenda, é importante para a empresa saber diariamente o seu retorno sobre o investimento, e assim tomar as suas ações estratégicas. Deste modo, em âmbito escolar, surgiu um grande problema de investigação sobre o fenómeno da atualidade. Será que Google AdWords é mais lucrativo para as empresas que Facebook Ads? Qual será a plataforma que atrai mais a atenção ao consumidor eletrónico? São as respostas a estas perguntas que fundamentam este relatório de estágio e que foram obtidas através de uma metodologia mista, utilizando digital analytics (quantitativa) e entrevista (qualitativa). Deste modo, chegou-se à conclusão que o Facebook Ads é a plataforma mais lucrativa para a empresa e a Argentina o país que gera mais retorno. No entanto, o ideal é utilizar as duas plataformas de maneira a que se complementem.