67 results on '"Jo Lynne Rokita"'
Search Results
2. The children's brain tumor network (CBTN) - Accelerating research in pediatric central nervous system tumors through collaboration and open science
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Jena V. Lilly, Jo Lynne Rokita, Jennifer L. Mason, Tatiana Patton, Stephanie Stefankiewiz, David Higgins, Gerri Trooskin, Carina A. Larouci, Kamnaa Arya, Elizabeth Appert, Allison P. Heath, Yuankun Zhu, Miguel A. Brown, Bo Zhang, Bailey K. Farrow, Shannon Robins, Allison M. Morgan, Thinh Q. Nguyen, Elizabeth Frenkel, Kaitlin Lehmann, Emily Drake, Catherine Sullivan, Alexa Plisiewicz, Noel Coleman, Luke Patterson, Mateusz Koptyra, Zeinab Helili, Nicholas Van Kuren, Nathan Young, Meen Chul Kim, Christopher Friedman, Alex Lubneuski, Christopher Blackden, Marti Williams, Valerie Baubet, Lamiya Tauhid, Jamie Galanaugh, Katie Boucher, Heba Ijaz, Kristina A. Cole, Namrata Choudhari, Mariarita Santi, Robert W. Moulder, Jonathan Waller, Whitney Rife, Sharon J. Diskin, Marion Mateos, Donald W. Parsons, Ian F. Pollack, Stewart Goldman, Sarah Leary, Chiara Caporalini, Anna Maria Buccoliero, Mirko Scagnet, David Haussler, Derek Hanson, Ron Firestein, Jason Cain, Joanna J. Phillips, Nalin Gupta, Sabine Mueller, Gerald Grant, Michelle Monje-Deisseroth, Sonia Partap, Jeffrey P. Greenfield, Rintaro Hashizume, Amy Smith, Shida Zhu, James M. Johnston, Jason R. Fangusaro, Matthew Miller, Matthew D. Wood, Sharon Gardner, Claire L. Carter, Laura M. Prolo, Jared Pisapia, Katherine Pehlivan, Andrea Franson, Toba Niazi, Josh Rubin, Mohamed Abdelbaki, David S. Ziegler, Holly B. Lindsay, Ana Guerreiro Stucklin, Nicolas Gerber, Olena M. Vaske, Carolyn Quinsey, Brian R. Rood, Javad Nazarian, Eric Raabe, Eric M. Jackson, Stacie Stapleton, Robert M. Lober, David E. Kram, Carl Koschmann, Phillip B. Storm, Rishi R. Lulla, Michael Prados, Adam C. Resnick, and Angela J. Waanders
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Collaborative international research infrastructure ,Pediatric brain tumors ,Multi-omic data ,Longitudinal clinical data ,Biospecimens ,Molecular clinical trials ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death in children in the United States and contribute a disproportionate number of potential years of life lost compared to adult cancers. Moreover, survivors frequently suffer long-term side effects, including secondary cancers. The Children's Brain Tumor Network (CBTN) is a multi-institutional international clinical research consortium created to advance therapeutic development through the collection and rapid distribution of biospecimens and data via open-science research platforms for real-time access and use by the global research community. The CBTN's 32 member institutions utilize a shared regulatory governance architecture at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia to accelerate and maximize the use of biospecimens and data. As of August 2022, CBTN has enrolled over 4700 subjects, over 1500 parents, and collected over 65,000 biospecimen aliquots for research. Additionally, over 80 preclinical models have been developed from collected tumors. Multi-omic data for over 1000 tumors and germline material are currently available with data generation for > 5000 samples underway. To our knowledge, CBTN provides the largest open-access pediatric brain tumor multi-omic dataset annotated with longitudinal clinical and outcome data, imaging, associated biospecimens, child-parent genomic pedigrees, and in vivo and in vitro preclinical models. Empowered by NIH-supported platforms such as the Kids First Data Resource and the Childhood Cancer Data Initiative, the CBTN continues to expand the resources needed for scientists to accelerate translational impact for improved outcomes and quality of life for children with brain and spinal cord tumors.
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- 2023
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3. Development of GPC2-directed chimeric antigen receptors using mRNA for pediatric brain tumors
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David M Barrett, Daniel Martinez, Tiffany Smith, Jessica B Foster, Crystal Griffin, Jo Lynne Rokita, Allison Stern, Cameron Brimley, Komal Rathi, Maria V Lane, Samantha N Buongervino, Peter J Madsen, Alberto Delaidelli, Poul H Sorensen, Robert J Wechsler-Reya, Katalin Karikó, Phillip B Storm, Adam C Resnick, John M Maris, and Kristopher R Bosse
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children with an urgent need for innovative therapies. Glypican 2 (GPC2) is a cell surface oncoprotein expressed in neuroblastoma for which targeted immunotherapies have been developed. This work aimed to characterize GPC2 expression in pediatric brain tumors and develop an mRNA CAR T cell approach against this target.Methods We investigated GPC2 expression across a cohort of primary pediatric brain tumor samples and cell lines using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. To target GPC2 in the brain with adoptive cellular therapies and mitigate potential inflammatory neurotoxicity, we used optimized mRNA to create transient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. We developed four mRNA CAR T cell constructs using the highly GPC2-specific fully human D3 single chain variable fragment for preclinical testing.Results We identified high GPC2 expression across multiple pediatric brain tumor types including medulloblastomas, embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, other central nervous system embryonal tumors, as well as definable subsets of highly malignant gliomas. We next validated and prioritized CAR configurations using in vitro cytotoxicity assays with GPC2-expressing neuroblastoma cells, where the light-to-heavy single chain variable fragment configurations proved to be superior. We expanded the testing of the two most potent GPC2-directed CAR constructs to GPC2-expressing medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma cell lines, showing significant GPC2-specific cell death in multiple models. Finally, biweekly locoregional delivery of 2–4 million GPC2-directed mRNA CAR T cells induced significant tumor regression in an orthotopic medulloblastoma model and significantly prolonged survival in an aggressive orthotopic thalamic diffuse midline glioma xenograft model. No GPC2-directed CAR T cell related neurologic or systemic toxicity was observed.Conclusion Taken together, these data show that GPC2 is a highly differentially expressed cell surface protein on multiple malignant pediatric brain tumors that can be targeted safely with local delivery of mRNA CAR T cells, laying the framework for the clinical translation of GPC2-directed immunotherapies for pediatric brain tumors.
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- 2022
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4. annoFuse: an R Package to annotate, prioritize, and interactively explore putative oncogenic RNA fusions
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Krutika S. Gaonkar, Federico Marini, Komal S. Rathi, Payal Jain, Yuankun Zhu, Nicholas A. Chimicles, Miguel A. Brown, Ammar S. Naqvi, Bo Zhang, Phillip B. Storm, John M. Maris, Pichai Raman, Adam C. Resnick, Konstantin Strauch, Jaclyn N. Taroni, and Jo Lynne Rokita
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RNA-seq ,Gene fusions ,Annotation tool ,Oncogenes ,Cancer ,Shiny web application ,Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,R858-859.7 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Abstract Background Gene fusion events are significant sources of somatic variation across adult and pediatric cancers and are some of the most clinically-effective therapeutic targets, yet low consensus of RNA-Seq fusion prediction algorithms makes therapeutic prioritization difficult. In addition, events such as polymerase read-throughs, mis-mapping due to gene homology, and fusions occurring in healthy normal tissue require informed filtering, making it difficult for researchers and clinicians to rapidly discern gene fusions that might be true underlying oncogenic drivers of a tumor and in some cases, appropriate targets for therapy. Results We developed annoFuse, an R package, and shinyFuse, a companion web application, to annotate, prioritize, and explore biologically-relevant expressed gene fusions, downstream of fusion calling. We validated annoFuse using a random cohort of TCGA RNA-Seq samples (N = 160) and achieved a 96% sensitivity for retention of high-confidence fusions (N = 603). annoFuse uses FusionAnnotator annotations to filter non-oncogenic and/or artifactual fusions. Then, fusions are prioritized if previously reported in TCGA and/or fusions containing gene partners that are known oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, COSMIC genes, and/or transcription factors. We applied annoFuse to fusion calls from pediatric brain tumor RNA-Seq samples (N = 1028) provided as part of the Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA) Project to determine recurrent fusions and recurrently-fused genes within different brain tumor histologies. annoFuse annotates protein domains using the PFAM database, assesses reciprocality, and annotates gene partners for kinase domain retention. As a standard function, reportFuse enables generation of a reproducible R Markdown report to summarize filtered fusions, visualize breakpoints and protein domains by transcript, and plot recurrent fusions within cohorts. Finally, we created shinyFuse for algorithm-agnostic interactive exploration and plotting of gene fusions. Conclusions annoFuse provides standardized filtering and annotation for gene fusion calls from STAR-Fusion and Arriba by merging, filtering, and prioritizing putative oncogenic fusions across large cancer datasets, as demonstrated here with data from the OpenPBTA project. We are expanding the package to be widely-applicable to other fusion algorithms and expect annoFuse to provide researchers a method for rapidly evaluating, prioritizing, and translating fusion findings in patient tumors.
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- 2020
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5. LIN28B promotes neuroblastoma metastasis and regulates PDZ binding kinase
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Dongdong Chen, Julie Cox, Jayabhargav Annam, Melanie Weingart, Grace Essien, Komal S. Rathi, Jo Lynne Rokita, Priya Khurana, Selma M. Cuya, Kristopher R. Bosse, Adeiye Pilgrim, Daisy Li, Cara Shields, Oskar Laur, John M. Maris, and Robert W. Schnepp
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Neuroblastoma ,LIN28B ,Let-7 ,PDZ binding kinase ,Metastasis ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive pediatric malignancy of the neural crest with suboptimal cure rates and a striking predilection for widespread metastases, underscoring the need to identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. We recently identified the RNA binding protein LIN28B as a driver in high-risk neuroblastoma and demonstrated it promotes oncogenic cell proliferation by coordinating a RAN-Aurora kinase A network. Here, we demonstrate that LIN28B influences another key hallmark of cancer, metastatic dissemination. Using a murine xenograft model of neuroblastoma dissemination, we show that LIN28B promotes metastasis. We demonstrate that this is in part due to the effects of LIN28B on self-renewal and migration, providing an understanding of how LIN28B shapes the metastatic phenotype. Our studies reveal that the let-7 family, which LIN28B inhibits, decreases self-renewal and migration. Next, we identify PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK) as a novel LIN28B target. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes the proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem cells and serves as an oncogenic driver in multiple aggressive malignancies. We demonstrate that PBK is both a novel direct target of let-7i and that MYCN regulates PBK expression, thus elucidating two oncogenic drivers that converge on PBK. Functionally, PBK promotes self-renewal and migration, phenocopying LIN28B. Taken together, our findings define a role for LIN28B in neuroblastoma metastasis and define the targetable kinase PBK as a potential novel vulnerability in metastatic neuroblastoma.
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- 2020
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6. ASCL1 is a MYCN- and LMO1-dependent member of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry
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Lu Wang, Tze King Tan, Adam D. Durbin, Mark W. Zimmerman, Brian J. Abraham, Shi Hao Tan, Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc, Nina Weichert-Leahey, Koshi Akahane, Lee N. Lawton, Jo Lynne Rokita, John M. Maris, Richard A. Young, A. Thomas Look, and Takaomi Sanda
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Science - Abstract
Polymorphisms in LMO1 are associated with increased susceptibility to develop neuroblastoma. Here, the authors show that LMO1 directly induces the transcription factor ASCL1, which regulates the differentiation of neurons, demonstrating that ASCL1 is part of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuit.
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- 2019
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7. Combined innate and adaptive immunotherapy overcomes resistance of immunologically cold syngeneic murine neuroblastoma to checkpoint inhibition
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Julie Voeller, Amy K. Erbe, Jacob Slowinski, Kayla Rasmussen, Peter M. Carlson, Anna Hoefges, Sabrina VandenHeuvel, Ashley Stuckwisch, Xing Wang, Stephen D. Gillies, Ravi B. Patel, Alvin Farrel, Jo Lynne Rokita, John Maris, Jacquelyn A. Hank, Zachary S. Morris, Alexander L. Rakhmilevich, and Paul M. Sondel
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Neuroblastoma ,Anti-disialogangliodside (anti-GD2) ,Immunologically cold tumors ,Checkpoint blockade ,Radiation ,Pediatric cancer ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Abstract Background Unlike some adult cancers, most pediatric cancers are considered immunologically cold and generally less responsive to immunotherapy. While immunotherapy has already been incorporated into standard of care treatment for pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, overall survival remains poor. In a mouse melanoma model, we found that radiation and tumor-specific immunocytokine generate an in situ vaccination response in syngeneic mice bearing large tumors. Here, we tested whether a novel immunotherapeutic approach utilizing radiation and immunocytokine together with innate immune stimulation could generate a potent antitumor response with immunologic memory against syngeneic murine neuroblastoma. Methods Mice bearing disialoganglioside (GD2)-expressing neuroblastoma tumors (either NXS2 or 9464D-GD2) were treated with radiation and immunotherapy (including anti-GD2 immunocytokine with or without anti-CTLA-4, CpG and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody). Tumor growth, animal survival and immune cell infiltrate were analyzed in the tumor microenvironment in response to various treatment regimens. Results NXS2 had a moderate tumor mutation burden (TMB) while N-MYC driven 9464D-GD2 had a low TMB, therefore the latter served as a better model for high-risk neuroblastoma (an immunologically cold tumor). Radiation and immunocytokine induced a potent in situ vaccination response against NXS2 tumors, but not in the 9464D-GD2 tumor model. Addition of checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA-4 was not effective alone against 9464D-GD2 tumors; inclusion of CpG and anti-CD40 achieved a potent antitumor response with decreased T regulatory cells within the tumors and induction of immunologic memory. Conclusions These data suggest that a combined innate and adaptive immunotherapeutic approach can be effective against immunologically cold syngeneic murine neuroblastoma. Further testing is needed to determine how these concepts might translate into development of more effective immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of clinically high-risk neuroblastoma.
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- 2019
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8. Macrophages in SHH subgroup medulloblastoma display dynamic heterogeneity that varies with treatment modality
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Mai T. Dang, Michael V. Gonzalez, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Komal S. Rathi, Patricia Young, Sherjeel Arif, Li Zhai, Zahidul Alam, Samir Devalaraja, Tsun Ki Jerrick To, Ian W. Folkert, Pichai Raman, Jo Lynne Rokita, Daniel Martinez, Jaclyn N. Taroni, Joshua A. Shapiro, Casey S. Greene, Candace Savonen, Fernanda Mafra, Hakon Hakonarson, Tom Curran, and Malay Haldar
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Summary: Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor immunity and comprise of subsets that have distinct phenotype, function, and ontology. Transcriptomic analyses of human medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain cancer, showed that medulloblastomas (MBs) with activated sonic hedgehog signaling (SHH-MB) have significantly more TAMs than other MB subtypes. Therefore, we examined MB-associated TAMs by single-cell RNA sequencing of autochthonous murine SHH-MB at steady state and under two distinct treatment modalities: molecular-targeted inhibitor and radiation. Our analyses reveal significant TAM heterogeneity, identify markers of ontologically distinct TAM subsets, and show the impact of brain microenvironment on the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating monocytes. TAM composition undergoes dramatic changes with treatment and differs significantly between molecular-targeted and radiation therapy. We identify an immunosuppressive monocyte-derived TAM subset that emerges with radiation therapy and demonstrate its role in regulating T cell and neutrophil infiltration in MB.
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- 2021
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9. A transcriptome-based classifier to determine molecular subtypes in medulloblastoma.
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Komal S Rathi, Sherjeel Arif, Mateusz Koptyra, Ammar S Naqvi, Deanne M Taylor, Phillip B Storm, Adam C Resnick, Jo Lynne Rokita, and Pichai Raman
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Medulloblastoma is a highly heterogeneous pediatric brain tumor with five molecular subtypes, Sonic Hedgehog TP53-mutant, Sonic Hedgehog TP53-wildtype, WNT, Group 3, and Group 4, defined by the World Health Organization. The current mechanism for classification into these molecular subtypes is through the use of immunostaining, methylation, and/or genetics. We surveyed the literature and identified a number of RNA-Seq and microarray datasets in order to develop, train, test, and validate a robust classifier to identify medulloblastoma molecular subtypes through the use of transcriptomic profiling data. We have developed a GPL-3 licensed R package and a Shiny Application to enable users to quickly and robustly classify medulloblastoma samples using transcriptomic data. The classifier utilizes a large composite microarray dataset (15 individual datasets), an individual microarray study, and an RNA-Seq dataset, using gene ratios instead of gene expression measures as features for the model. Discriminating features were identified using the limma R package and samples were classified using an unweighted mean of normalized scores. We utilized two training datasets and applied the classifier in 15 separate datasets. We observed a minimum accuracy of 85.71% in the smallest dataset and a maximum of 100% accuracy in four datasets with an overall median accuracy of 97.8% across the 15 datasets, with the majority of misclassification occurring between the heterogeneous Group 3 and Group 4 subtypes. We anticipate this medulloblastoma transcriptomic subtype classifier will be broadly applicable to the cancer research and clinical communities.
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- 2020
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10. CAMKV Is a Candidate Immunotherapeutic Target in MYCN Amplified Neuroblastoma
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Robyn T. Sussman, Jo Lynne Rokita, Kevin Huang, Pichai Raman, Komal S. Rathi, Daniel Martinez, Kristopher R. Bosse, Maria Lane, Lori S. Hart, Tricia Bhatti, Bruce Pawel, and John M. Maris
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CAMKV ,MYCN ,immunotherapy ,neuroblastoma ,ChIP-Seq ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
We developed a computational pipeline designed to use RNA sequencing (n = 136) and gene expression profiling (n = 250) data from neuroblastoma tumors to identify cell surface proteins predicted to be highly expressed in MYCN amplified neuroblastomas and with little or no expression in normal human tissues. We then performed ChIP-seq in the MYCN amplified cell lines KELLY, NB-1643, and NGP to identify gene promoters that are occupied by MYCN protein to define the intersection with the differentially-expressed gene list. We initially identified 116 putative immunotherapy targets with predicted transmembrane domains, with the most significant differentially-expressed of these being the calmodulin kinase-like vesicle-associated gene (CAMKV, p = 2 × 10−6). CAMKV encodes a protein that binds calmodulin in the presence of calcium, but lacks the kinase activity of other calmodulin kinase family members. We confirmed that CAMKV is selectively expressed in 7/7 MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines and showed that the transcription of CAMKV is directly controlled by MYCN. From membrane fractionation and immunohistochemistry, we verified that CAMKV is membranous in MYCN amplified neuroblastoma cell lines and patient-derived xenografts. Finally, immunohistochemistry showed that CAMKV is not expressed on normal tissues outside of the central nervous system. Together, these data demonstrate that CAMKV is a differentially-expressed cell surface protein that is transcriptionally regulated by MYCN, making it a candidate for targeting with antibodies or antibody-drug conjugates that do not cross the blood brain barrier.
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- 2020
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11. Genomic Profiling of Childhood Tumor Patient-Derived Xenograft Models to Enable Rational Clinical Trial Design
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Jo Lynne Rokita, Komal S. Rathi, Maria F. Cardenas, Kristen A. Upton, Joy Jayaseelan, Katherine L. Cross, Jacob Pfeil, Laura E. Egolf, Gregory P. Way, Alvin Farrel, Nathan M. Kendsersky, Khushbu Patel, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Apexa Modi, Esther R. Berko, Gonzalo Lopez, Zalman Vaksman, Chelsea Mayoh, Jonas Nance, Kristyn McCoy, Michelle Haber, Kathryn Evans, Hannah McCalmont, Katerina Bendak, Julia W. Böhm, Glenn M. Marshall, Vanessa Tyrrell, Karthik Kalletla, Frank K. Braun, Lin Qi, Yunchen Du, Huiyuan Zhang, Holly B. Lindsay, Sibo Zhao, Jack Shu, Patricia Baxter, Christopher Morton, Dias Kurmashev, Siyuan Zheng, Yidong Chen, Jay Bowen, Anthony C. Bryan, Kristen M. Leraas, Sara E. Coppens, HarshaVardhan Doddapaneni, Zeineen Momin, Wendong Zhang, Gregory I. Sacks, Lori S. Hart, Kateryna Krytska, Yael P. Mosse, Gregory J. Gatto, Yolanda Sanchez, Casey S. Greene, Sharon J. Diskin, Olena Morozova Vaske, David Haussler, Julie M. Gastier-Foster, E. Anders Kolb, Richard Gorlick, Xiao-Nan Li, C. Patrick Reynolds, Raushan T. Kurmasheva, Peter J. Houghton, Malcolm A. Smith, Richard B. Lock, Pichai Raman, David A. Wheeler, and John M. Maris
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Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Summary: Accelerating cures for children with cancer remains an immediate challenge as a result of extensive oncogenic heterogeneity between and within histologies, distinct molecular mechanisms evolving between diagnosis and relapsed disease, and limited therapeutic options. To systematically prioritize and rationally test novel agents in preclinical murine models, researchers within the Pediatric Preclinical Testing Consortium are continuously developing patient-derived xenografts (PDXs)—many of which are refractory to current standard-of-care treatments—from high-risk childhood cancers. Here, we genomically characterize 261 PDX models from 37 unique pediatric cancers; demonstrate faithful recapitulation of histologies and subtypes; and refine our understanding of relapsed disease. In addition, we use expression signatures to classify tumors for TP53 and NF1 pathway inactivation. We anticipate that these data will serve as a resource for pediatric oncology drug development and will guide rational clinical trial design for children with cancer. : Rokita et. al provide an extensively annotated genomic dataset of somatic oncogenic regulation across 37 distinct pediatric malignancies. The 261 patient-derived xenograft models are available to the scientific community, and the genomic annotations will enable rational preclinical agent prioritization and acceleration of therapeutic targets for early-phase pediatric oncology clinical trials. Keywords: pediatric cancer, patient-derived xenograft, relapse, whole-exome sequencing, transcriptome sequencing, copy number profiling, preclinical testing, classifier
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- 2019
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12. Enhancing childhood cancer targetability
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Ammar S. Naqvi and Jo Lynne Rokita
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Published
- 2022
13. Supplementary Figure S5 from YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling
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John M. Maris, Jo Lynne Rokita, Laura Scolaro, Colin M. Hayes, Komal S. Rathi, Alvin Farrel, and Grace E. Coggins
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Figure S5 shows the confirmation of differential gene expression between RNA seq samples.
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- 2023
14. Supplementary Table S1 from Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms Define Clinical Outcome in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
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C. Patrick Reynolds, Sharon J. Diskin, John M. Maris, David A. Wheeler, Shengping Yang, Meredith S. Irwin, Vanda Yazdani, Jonas Nance, Kristyn Mccoy, Heather Davidson, Ashly Hindle, Eduardo Urias, Jo Lynne Rokita, Apexa Modi, Shawn J. Macha, Thinh H. Nguyen, Karina L. Conkrite, Ahsan Farooqi, Gonzalo Lopez, and Balakrishna Koneru
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Supplementary Table S1
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- 2023
15. Data from Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms Define Clinical Outcome in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
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C. Patrick Reynolds, Sharon J. Diskin, John M. Maris, David A. Wheeler, Shengping Yang, Meredith S. Irwin, Vanda Yazdani, Jonas Nance, Kristyn Mccoy, Heather Davidson, Ashly Hindle, Eduardo Urias, Jo Lynne Rokita, Apexa Modi, Shawn J. Macha, Thinh H. Nguyen, Karina L. Conkrite, Ahsan Farooqi, Gonzalo Lopez, and Balakrishna Koneru
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Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. To comprehensively assess the impact of telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) on clinical outcomes in high-risk neuroblastoma, we integrated the C-circle assay [a marker for alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)], TERT mRNA expression by RNA-sequencing, whole-genome/exome sequencing, and clinical covariates in 134 neuroblastoma patient samples at diagnosis. In addition, we assessed TMM in neuroblastoma cell lines (n = 104) and patient-derived xenografts (n = 28). ALT was identified in 23.4% of high-risk neuroblastoma tumors and genomic alterations in ATRX were detected in 60% of ALT tumors; 40% of ALT tumors lacked genomic alterations in known ALT-associated genes. Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were classified into three subgroups (TERT-high, ALT+, and TERT-low/non-ALT) based on presence of C-circles and TERT mRNA expression (above or below median TERT expression). Event-free survival was similar among TERT-high, ALT+, or TERT-low/non-ALT patients. However, overall survival (OS) for TERT-low/non-ALT patients was significantly higher relative to TERT-high or ALT patients (log-rank test; P < 0.01) independent of current clinical and molecular prognostic markers. Consistent with the observed higher OS in patients with TERT-low/non-ALT tumors, continuous shortening of telomeres and decreasing viability occurred in low TERT–expressing, non-ALT patient-derived high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines. These findings demonstrate that assaying TMM with TERT mRNA expression and C-circles provides precise stratification of high-risk neuroblastoma into three subgroups with substantially different OS: a previously undescribed TERT-low/non-ALT cohort with superior OS (even after relapse) and two cohorts of patients with poor survival that have distinct molecular therapeutic targets.Significance:These findings assess telomere maintenance mechanisms with TERT mRNA and the ALT DNA biomarker C-circles to stratify neuroblastoma into three groups, with distinct overall survival independent of currently used clinical risk classifiers.
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- 2023
16. Data from Upfront Biology-Guided Therapy in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Therapeutic, Molecular, and Biomarker Outcomes from PNOC003
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Sabine Mueller, Javad Nazarian, Sebastian M. Waszak, Adam Resnick, Michael Prados, Annette Molinaro, Michael Berens, Sara Byron, Winnie Liang, John Kuhn, Adam Kraya, Jo Lynne Rokita, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Bo Zhang, Sridevi Yadavilli, Jie Zhang, Madhuri Kambhampati, Yalan Zhang, Tracy Luks, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Roger J. Packer, Anu Banerjee, John R. Crawford, Nalin Gupta, Erin R. Bonner, Lindsay Kilburn, Payal Jain, and Cassie Kline
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Purpose:PNOC003 is a multicenter precision medicine trial for children and young adults with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG).Patients and Methods:Patients (3–25 years) were enrolled on the basis of imaging consistent with DIPG. Biopsy tissue was collected for whole-exome and mRNA sequencing. After radiotherapy (RT), patients were assigned up to four FDA-approved drugs based on molecular tumor board recommendations. H3K27M-mutant circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was longitudinally measured. Tumor tissue and matched primary cell lines were characterized using whole-genome sequencing and DNA methylation profiling. When applicable, results were verified in an independent cohort from the Children's Brain Tumor Network (CBTN).Results:Of 38 patients enrolled, 28 patients (median 6 years, 10 females) were reviewed by the molecular tumor board. Of those, 19 followed treatment recommendations. Median overall survival (OS) was 13.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.2–18.4] with no difference between patients who followed recommendations and those who did not. H3K27M-mutant ctDNA was detected at baseline in 60% of cases tested and associated with response to RT and survival. Eleven cell lines were established, showing 100% fidelity of key somatic driver gene alterations in the primary tumor. In H3K27-altered DIPGs, TP53 mutations were associated with worse OS (TP53mut 11.1 mo; 95% CI, 8.7–14; TP53wt 13.3 mo; 95% CI, 11.8–NA; P = 3.4e−2), genome instability (P = 3.1e−3), and RT resistance (P = 6.4e−4). The CBTN cohort confirmed an association between TP53 mutation status, genome instability, and clinical outcome.Conclusions:Upfront treatment-naïve biopsy provides insight into clinically relevant molecular alterations and prognostic biomarkers for H3K27-altered DIPGs.
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- 2023
17. Data from YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling
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John M. Maris, Jo Lynne Rokita, Laura Scolaro, Colin M. Hayes, Komal S. Rathi, Alvin Farrel, and Grace E. Coggins
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Relapsed neuroblastomas are enriched with activating mutations of the RAS–MAPK signaling pathway. The MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib delays tumor growth but does not sustain regression in neuroblastoma preclinical models. Recent studies have implicated the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivator protein YAP1 as an additional driver of relapsed neuroblastomas, as well as a mediator of trametinib resistance in other cancers. Here, we used a highly annotated set of high-risk neuroblastoma cellular models to modulate YAP1 expression and RAS pathway activation to test whether increased YAP1 transcriptional activity is a mechanism of MEK1/2 inhibition resistance in RAS-driven neuroblastomas. In NLF (biallelic NF1 inactivation) and SK-N-AS (NRAS Q61K) cell lines, trametinib caused a near-complete translocation of YAP1 protein into the nucleus. YAP1 depletion sensitized neuroblastoma cells to trametinib, while overexpression of constitutively active YAP1 protein induced trametinib resistance. Mechanistically, significant enhancement of G1–S cell-cycle arrest, mediated by depletion of MYC/MYCN and E2F transcriptional output, sensitized RAS-driven neuroblastomas to trametinib following YAP1 deletion. These findings underscore the importance of YAP activity in response to trametinib in RAS-driven neuroblastomas, as well as the potential for targeting YAP in a trametinib combination.Significance:High-risk neuroblastomas with hyperactivated RAS signaling escape the selective pressure of MEK inhibition via YAP1-mediated transcriptional reprogramming and may be sensitive to combination therapies targeting both YAP1 and MEK.
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- 2023
18. Supplemental Tables S1-5 from YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling
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John M. Maris, Jo Lynne Rokita, Laura Scolaro, Colin M. Hayes, Komal S. Rathi, Alvin Farrel, and Grace E. Coggins
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Table S1 includes MYCN amplification and chromosome 11q status across a panel of 16 neuroblastoma cell lines. Table S2-4 include differentially-expressed genes identified in each of the three differential expression analyses. Table S5 includes unique differentially expressed genes between NLF sgCon + DMSO and NLF YAP1-/- #4 + Tram.
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- 2023
19. Supplementary Figure Legends from YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling
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John M. Maris, Jo Lynne Rokita, Laura Scolaro, Colin M. Hayes, Komal S. Rathi, Alvin Farrel, and Grace E. Coggins
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This file includes figure legends corresponding to Supplementary Figures S1-6.
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- 2023
20. Supplementary Data from GAS7 Deficiency Promotes Metastasis in MYCN-Driven Neuroblastoma
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Shizhen Zhu, John M. Maris, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Hu Li, Jan M. van Deursen, A. Thomas Look, S. John Weroha, Komal S. Rathi, Gina L. Razidlo, Alexander Meves, Julia S. Lehman, Jorge Torres-Mora, Karen Fritchie, Ting Tao, Shuning He, Shuai Li, Janine H. van Ree, Xiaonan Hou, Cassie J. Howe, Zuag Paj Her, Taylor M. Levee, Choong Yong Ung, Jo Lynne Rokita, Erin N. Dankert Eggum, Cheng Zhang, Gonzalo Lopez, Kok Siong Yeo, and Zhiwei Dong
- Abstract
SUPPLEMENTARY TABLES, FIGURES AND FIGURE LEGENDS
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- 2023
21. Supplementary Data from Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms Define Clinical Outcome in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
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C. Patrick Reynolds, Sharon J. Diskin, John M. Maris, David A. Wheeler, Shengping Yang, Meredith S. Irwin, Vanda Yazdani, Jonas Nance, Kristyn Mccoy, Heather Davidson, Ashly Hindle, Eduardo Urias, Jo Lynne Rokita, Apexa Modi, Shawn J. Macha, Thinh H. Nguyen, Karina L. Conkrite, Ahsan Farooqi, Gonzalo Lopez, and Balakrishna Koneru
- Abstract
Supplementary Data
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- 2023
22. Data from GAS7 Deficiency Promotes Metastasis in MYCN-Driven Neuroblastoma
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Shizhen Zhu, John M. Maris, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Hu Li, Jan M. van Deursen, A. Thomas Look, S. John Weroha, Komal S. Rathi, Gina L. Razidlo, Alexander Meves, Julia S. Lehman, Jorge Torres-Mora, Karen Fritchie, Ting Tao, Shuning He, Shuai Li, Janine H. van Ree, Xiaonan Hou, Cassie J. Howe, Zuag Paj Her, Taylor M. Levee, Choong Yong Ung, Jo Lynne Rokita, Erin N. Dankert Eggum, Cheng Zhang, Gonzalo Lopez, Kok Siong Yeo, and Zhiwei Dong
- Abstract
One of the greatest barriers to curative treatment of neuroblastoma is its frequent metastatic outgrowth prior to diagnosis, especially in cases driven by amplification of the MYCN oncogene. However, only a limited number of regulatory proteins that contribute to this complex MYCN-mediated process have been elucidated. Here we show that the growth arrest-specific 7 (GAS7) gene, located at chromosome band 17p13.1, is preferentially deleted in high-risk MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. GAS7 expression was also suppressed in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma lacking 17p deletion. GAS7 deficiency led to accelerated metastasis in both zebrafish and mammalian models of neuroblastoma with overexpression or amplification of MYCN. Analysis of expression profiles and the ultrastructure of zebrafish neuroblastoma tumors with MYCN overexpression identified that GAS7 deficiency led to (i) downregulation of genes involved in cell–cell interaction, (ii) loss of contact among tumor cells as critical determinants of accelerated metastasis, and (iii) increased levels of MYCN protein. These results provide the first genetic evidence that GAS7 depletion is a critical early step in the cascade of events culminating in neuroblastoma metastasis in the context of MYCN overexpression.Significance:Heterozygous deletion or MYCN-mediated repression of GAS7 in neuroblastoma releases an important brake on tumor cell dispersion and migration to distant sites, providing a novel mechanism underlying tumor metastasis in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma.See related commentary by Menard, p. 2815
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- 2023
23. Supplementary Figure from Upfront Biology-Guided Therapy in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Therapeutic, Molecular, and Biomarker Outcomes from PNOC003
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Sabine Mueller, Javad Nazarian, Sebastian M. Waszak, Adam Resnick, Michael Prados, Annette Molinaro, Michael Berens, Sara Byron, Winnie Liang, John Kuhn, Adam Kraya, Jo Lynne Rokita, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Bo Zhang, Sridevi Yadavilli, Jie Zhang, Madhuri Kambhampati, Yalan Zhang, Tracy Luks, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Roger J. Packer, Anu Banerjee, John R. Crawford, Nalin Gupta, Erin R. Bonner, Lindsay Kilburn, Payal Jain, and Cassie Kline
- Abstract
Supplementary Figure from Upfront Biology-Guided Therapy in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Therapeutic, Molecular, and Biomarker Outcomes from PNOC003
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- 2023
24. BARD1 germline variants induce haploinsufficiency and DNA repair defects in neuroblastoma
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Michael P. Randall, Laura E. Egolf, Zalman Vaksman, Minu Samanta, Matthew Tsang, David Groff, J. Perry Evans, Jo Lynne Rokita, Mehdi Layeghifard, Adam Shlien, John M. Maris, Sharon J. Diskin, and Kristopher R. Bosse
- Subjects
Article - Abstract
ImportanceHigh-risk neuroblastoma is a complex genetic disease that is lethal in 50% of patients despite intense multimodal therapy. Our genome-wide association study (GWAS) identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within theBARD1gene showing the most significant enrichment in neuroblastoma patients, and also discovered pathogenic (P) or likely pathogenic (LP) rare germline loss-of-function variants in this gene. The functional implications of these findings remain poorly understood.ObjectiveTo define the functional relevance ofBARD1germline variation in children with neuroblastoma.DesignWe correlatedBARD1genotype withBARD1expression in normal and tumor cells and the cellular burden of DNA damage in tumors. To validate the functional consequences of rare germline P-LPBARD1variants, we generated isogenic cellular models harboring heterozygousBARD1loss-of-function (LOF) variants and conducted multiple complementary assays to measure the efficiency of DNA repair.Setting(N/A)Participants(N/A)Interventions/Exposures(N/A)Main Outcomes and MeasuresBARD1expression, efficiency of DNA repair, and genome-wide burden of DNA damage in neuroblastoma tumors and cellular models harboring disease-associatedBARD1germline variants.ResultsBoth common and rare neuroblastoma associatedBARD1germline variants were significantly associated with lower levels ofBARD1mRNA and an increased burden of DNA damage. Using neuroblastoma cellular models engineered to harbor disease-associated heterozygousBARD1LOF variants, we functionally validated this association with inefficient DNA repair. TheseBARD1LOF variant isogenic models exhibited reduced efficiency in repairing Cas9-induced DNA damage, ineffective RAD51 focus formation at DNA doublestrand break sites, and enhanced sensitivity to cisplatin and poly-ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibition.Conclusions and RelevanceConsidering that at least 1 in 10 children diagnosed with cancer carry a predicted pathogenic mutation in a cancer predisposition gene, it is critically important to understand their functional relevance. Here, we demonstrate that germlineBARD1variants disrupt DNA repair fidelity. This is a fundamental molecular mechanism contributing to neuroblastoma initiation that may have important therapeutic implications, and these findings may also extend to other cancers harboring germline variants in genes essential for DNA damage repair.Key PointsQuestionHow do neuroblastoma patient BRCA1-associated RING domain 1 (BARD1) germline variants impact DNA repair?FindingsNeuroblastoma-associated germlineBARD1variants disrupt DNA repair fidelity. Common risk variants correlate with decreasedBARD1expression and increased DNA double-strand breaks in neuroblastoma tumors and rare heterozygous loss-of-function variants induceBARD1haploinsufficiency, resulting in defective DNA repair and genomic instability in neuroblastoma cellular models.MeaningGermline variation inBARD1contributes to neuroblastoma pathogenesis via dysregulation of critical cellular DNA repair functions, with implications for neuroblastoma treatment, risk stratification, and cancer predisposition.
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- 2023
25. Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) in pediatric high-grade gliomas can occur without ATRX mutation and is enriched in patients with pathogenic germline mismatch repair (MMR) variants
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Jennifer L Stundon, Heba Ijaz, Krutika S Gaonkar, Rebecca S Kaufman, Run Jin, Anastasios Karras, Zalman Vaksman, Jung Kim, Ryan J Corbett, Matthew R Lueder, Daniel P Miller, Yiran Guo, Mariarita Santi, Marilyn Li, Gonzalo Lopez, Phillip B Storm, Adam C Resnick, Angela J Waanders, Suzanne P MacFarland, Douglas R Stewart, Sharon J Diskin, Jo Lynne Rokita, and Kristina A Cole
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Cancer Research ,Oncology ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
Background To achieve replicative immortality, most cancers develop a telomere maintenance mechanism, such as reactivation of telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). There are limited data on the prevalence and clinical significance of ALT in pediatric brain tumors, and ALT-directed therapy is not available. Methods We performed C-circle analysis (CCA) on 579 pediatric brain tumors that had corresponding tumor/normal whole genome sequencing through the Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA). We detected ALT in 6.9% (n = 40/579) of these tumors and completed additional validation by ultrabright telomeric foci in situ on a subset of these tumors. We used CCA to validate TelomereHunter for computational prediction of ALT status and focus subsequent analyses on pediatric high-grade gliomas (pHGGs) Finally, we examined whether ALT is associated with recurrent somatic or germline alterations. Results ALT is common in pHGGs (n = 24/63, 38.1%), but occurs infrequently in other pediatric brain tumors ( Conclusions We demonstrate that ATRX is mutated in only a subset of ALT+ pHGGs, suggesting other mechanisms of ATRX loss of function or alterations in other genes may be associated with the development of ALT in these patients. We show that germline variants in MMR are associated with the development of ALT in patients with pHGG.
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- 2022
26. OpenPBTA: An Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas
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Komal Rathi, Jo Lynne Rokita, Chante Bethell, Joshua A. Shapiro, and Laura Egolf
- Abstract
SummaryPediatric brain and spinal cancer are the leading disease-related cause of death in children, thus we urgently need curative therapeutic strategies for these tumors. To accelerate such discoveries, the Children’s Brain Tumor Network and Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium created a systematic process for tumor biobanking, model generation, and sequencing with immediate access to harmonized data. We leverage these data to create OpenPBTA, an open collaborative project which establishes over 40 scalable analysis modules to genomically characterize 1,074 pediatric brain tumors. Transcriptomic classification reveals that TP53 loss is a significant marker for poor overall survival in ependymomas and H3 K28-altered diffuse midline gliomas and further identifies universal TP53 dysregulation in mismatch repair-deficient hypermutant high-grade gliomas. OpenPBTA is a foundational analysis platform actively being applied to other pediatric cancers and inform molecular tumor board decision-making, making it an invaluable resource to the pediatric oncology community.In BriefThe OpenPBTA is a global, collaborative open-science initiative which brought together researchers and clinicians to genomically characterize 1,074 pediatric brain tumors and 22 patient-derived cell lines. Shapiro, et. al create over 40 open-source, scalable modules to perform cancer genomics analyses and provide a richly-annotated somatic dataset across 58 brain tumor histologies. The OpenPBTA framework can be used as a model for large-scale data integration to inform basic research, therapeutic target identification, and clinical translation.HighlightsOpenPBTA collaborative analyses establish resource for 1,074 pediatric brain tumors NGS-based WHO-aligned integrated diagnoses generated for 641 of 1,074 tumors RNA-Seq analysis infers medulloblastoma subtypes, TP53 status, and telomerase activity OpenPBTA will accelerate therapeutic translation of genomic insights
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- 2022
27. Development of GPC2-directed chimeric antigen receptors using mRNA for pediatric brain tumors
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Jessica B Foster, Crystal Griffin, Jo Lynne Rokita, Allison Stern, Cameron Brimley, Komal Rathi, Maria V Lane, Samantha N Buongervino, Tiffany Smith, Peter J Madsen, Daniel Martinez, Alberto Delaidelli, Poul H Sorensen, Robert J Wechsler-Reya, Katalin Karikó, Phillip B Storm, David M Barrett, Adam C Resnick, John M Maris, and Kristopher R Bosse
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Pharmacology ,Oncogene Proteins ,Cancer Research ,Receptors, Chimeric Antigen ,Brain Neoplasms ,Immunology ,Glioma ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Neuroblastoma ,Oncology ,Glypicans ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Molecular Medicine ,Immunology and Allergy ,Humans ,RNA, Messenger ,Cerebellar Neoplasms ,Child ,Medulloblastoma ,Single-Chain Antibodies - Abstract
BackgroundPediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children with an urgent need for innovative therapies. Glypican 2 (GPC2) is a cell surface oncoprotein expressed in neuroblastoma for which targeted immunotherapies have been developed. This work aimed to characterize GPC2 expression in pediatric brain tumors and develop an mRNA CAR T cell approach against this target.MethodsWe investigated GPC2 expression across a cohort of primary pediatric brain tumor samples and cell lines using RNA sequencing, immunohistochemistry, and flow cytometry. To target GPC2 in the brain with adoptive cellular therapies and mitigate potential inflammatory neurotoxicity, we used optimized mRNA to create transient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. We developed four mRNA CAR T cell constructs using the highly GPC2-specific fully human D3 single chain variable fragment for preclinical testing.ResultsWe identified high GPC2 expression across multiple pediatric brain tumor types including medulloblastomas, embryonal tumors with multilayered rosettes, other central nervous system embryonal tumors, as well as definable subsets of highly malignant gliomas. We next validated and prioritized CAR configurations using in vitro cytotoxicity assays with GPC2-expressing neuroblastoma cells, where the light-to-heavy single chain variable fragment configurations proved to be superior. We expanded the testing of the two most potent GPC2-directed CAR constructs to GPC2-expressing medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma cell lines, showing significant GPC2-specific cell death in multiple models. Finally, biweekly locoregional delivery of 2–4 million GPC2-directed mRNA CAR T cells induced significant tumor regression in an orthotopic medulloblastoma model and significantly prolonged survival in an aggressive orthotopic thalamic diffuse midline glioma xenograft model. No GPC2-directed CAR T cell related neurologic or systemic toxicity was observed.ConclusionTaken together, these data show that GPC2 is a highly differentially expressed cell surface protein on multiple malignant pediatric brain tumors that can be targeted safely with local delivery of mRNA CAR T cells, laying the framework for the clinical translation of GPC2-directed immunotherapies for pediatric brain tumors.
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- 2022
28. ALT in Pediatric High-Grade Gliomas Can Occur withoutATRXMutation and is Enriched in Patients with Pathogenic Germline MMR Variants
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Jennifer L. Stundon, Heba Ijaz, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Rebecca S. Kaufman, Run Jin, Anastasios Karras, Zalman Vaksman, Jung Kim, Ryan J. Corbett, Matthew R. Lueder, Daniel P. Miller, Yiran Guo, Mariarita Santi, Marilyn Li, Gonzalo Lopez, Phillip B. Storm, Adam C. Resnick, Angela J. Waanders, Suzanne P. MacFarland, Douglas R. Stewart, Sharon J. Diskin, Jo Lynne Rokita, and Kristina A. Cole
- Abstract
BackgroundTo achieve replicative immortality, most cancers develop a telomere maintenance mechanism, such as reactivation of telomerase or alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). There are limited data on the prevalence and clinical significance of ALT in pediatric brain tumors, and ALT-directed therapy is not available.MethodsWe performed C-circle analysis (CCA) on 579 pediatric brain tumors that had corresponding tumor/normal whole genome sequencing through the Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA). We detected ALT in 6.9% (n=40/579) of these tumors and completed additional validation by ultrabright telomeric fociin situon a subset of these tumors. We used CCA to validateTelomereHunterfor computational prediction of ALT status and focus subsequent analyses on pediatric high-grade glioma (pHGG) Finally, we examined whether ALT is associated with recurrent somatic or germline alterations.ResultsALT is common in pHGG (n=24/63, 38.1%), but occurs infrequently in other pediatric brain tumors (ATRXmutations occur in 50% of ALT+ pHGG and in 30% of ALT-pHGG. Rare pathogenic germline variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes are significantly associated with an increased occurrence of ALT. Conclusions: We demonstrate thatATRXis mutated in only a subset of ALT+ pHGG, suggesting other mechanisms ofATRXloss of function or alterations in other genes may be associated with the development of ALT in these patients. We show that germline variants in MMR are associated with development of ALT in patients with pHGG.Key PointsATRX alterations are frequent, but not required, for an ALT phenotype in pHGGspHGG patients with germline mismatch repair variants have higher rate of ALT + tumorsTelomereHunteris validated to predict ALT in pHGGsImportance of the StudyWe performed orthogonal molecular and computational analyses to detect the presence of alternative lengthening of telomeres in a highly characterized cohort of pediatric brain tumors. We demonstrate that many pHGG utilize ALT without a mutation in ATRX, suggesting either loss of function of ATRX via an alternative mechanism or an alternate means of development of ALT. We show that germline variants in MMR genes are significantly associated with ALT in pHGG. Our work adds to the biological understanding of the development of ALT and provides an approach to stratify patients who may benefit from future ALT-directed therapies in this patient population.
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- 2022
29. Macrophages in SHH subgroup medulloblastoma display dynamic heterogeneity that varies with treatment modality
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Candace L. Savonen, Tsun Ki Jerrick To, Jo Lynne Rokita, Komal S. Rathi, Patricia Young, Joshua A. Shapiro, Pichai Raman, Fernanda Abani Mafra, Li Zhai, Tom Curran, Michael Gonzalez, Mai T. Dang, Malay Haldar, Casey S. Greene, Samir Devalaraja, Zahidul Alam, Jaclyn N. Taroni, Hakon Hakonarson, Daniel Martinez, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Sherjeel Arif, and Ian W. Folkert
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Genetic Markers ,Transcription, Genetic ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Biology ,CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ,Monocytes ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Transcriptome ,03 medical and health sciences ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,stomatognathic system ,medicine ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Animals ,Humans ,Hedgehog Proteins ,skin and connective tissue diseases ,Cerebellar Neoplasms ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Medulloblastoma ,Macrophages ,RNA ,Cancer ,medicine.disease ,Phenotype ,Hedgehog signaling pathway ,Radiation therapy ,030104 developmental biology ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,Cancer research ,Microglia ,Single-Cell Analysis ,hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Function (biology) - Abstract
Summary Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in tumor immunity and comprise of subsets that have distinct phenotype, function, and ontology. Transcriptomic analyses of human medulloblastoma, the most common malignant pediatric brain cancer, showed that medulloblastomas (MBs) with activated sonic hedgehog signaling (SHH-MB) have significantly more TAMs than other MB subtypes. Therefore, we examined MB-associated TAMs by single-cell RNA sequencing of autochthonous murine SHH-MB at steady state and under two distinct treatment modalities: molecular-targeted inhibitor and radiation. Our analyses reveal significant TAM heterogeneity, identify markers of ontologically distinct TAM subsets, and show the impact of brain microenvironment on the differentiation of tumor-infiltrating monocytes. TAM composition undergoes dramatic changes with treatment and differs significantly between molecular-targeted and radiation therapy. We identify an immunosuppressive monocyte-derived TAM subset that emerges with radiation therapy and demonstrate its role in regulating T cell and neutrophil infiltration in MB.
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- 2023
30. OpenPBTA: The Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas
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Joshua A. Shapiro, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Stephanie J. Spielman, Candace L. Savonen, Chante J. Bethell, Run Jin, Komal S. Rathi, Yuankun Zhu, Laura E. Egolf, Bailey K. Farrow, Daniel P. Miller, Yang Yang, Tejaswi Koganti, Nighat Noureen, Mateusz P. Koptyra, Nhat Duong, Mariarita Santi, Jung Kim, Shannon Robins, Phillip B. Storm, Stephen C. Mack, Jena V. Lilly, Hongbo M. Xie, Payal Jain, Pichai Raman, Brian R. Rood, Rishi R. Lulla, Javad Nazarian, Adam A. Kraya, Zalman Vaksman, Allison P. Heath, Cassie Kline, Laura Scolaro, Angela N. Viaene, Xiaoyan Huang, Gregory P. Way, Steven M. Foltz, Bo Zhang, Anna R. Poetsch, Sabine Mueller, Brian M. Ennis, Michael Prados, Sharon J. Diskin, Siyuan Zheng, Yiran Guo, Shrivats Kannan, Angela J. Waanders, Ashley S. Margol, Meen Chul Kim, Derek Hanson, Nicholas Van Kuren, Jessica Wong, Rebecca S. Kaufman, Noel Coleman, Christopher Blackden, Kristina A. Cole, Jennifer L. Mason, Peter J. Madsen, Carl J. Koschmann, Douglas R. Stewart, Eric Wafula, Miguel A. Brown, Adam C. Resnick, Casey S. Greene, Jo Lynne Rokita, and Jaclyn N. Taroni
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Genetics ,Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2023
31. Abstract 3566: Expansion of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas: Children's Brain Tumor Network, Kids First Data Resource and Childhood Cancer Data Initiative Open Science effort
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Mateusz P. Koptyra, Komal Rahti, Yuankun Zhu, Bailey Farrow, Daniel Miller, Adam Kraya, Yiran Guo, Peter Madsen, Nicholas Van Kuren, Xiaoyan Huang, Miguel A. Brown, Jennifer L. Mason, Meen Chul Kim, Allison P. Heath, Brian M. Ennis, Bo Zhang, Jena V. Lilly, Jo Lynne Rokita, Christopher Friedman, Ximena P. Cuellar, Catherine A. Sullivan, Noel Coleman, Trang Duros, Thinh Q. Nguyen, Emmett C. Drake, Zeinab Helili, Beth A. Frenkel, Gerri R. Trooskin, Ariana Familiar, Karthik Viswanathan, Christopher M. Beck, Madison L. Hollawell, Valerie P. Baubet, Cassie Kline, Mariarita Santi, Tatiana S. Patton, Stephanie Stefankiewicz, Arya Kamnaa, Ryan A. Velasco, Dani Cardona, Phillip J. Storm, Adam C. Resnick, and o/b/o Children's Brain Tumor Network
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Cancer Research ,Oncology - Abstract
Pediatric central nervous system (CNS) cancers are the leading disease-related cause of death in children and there is urgent need for curative therapeutic strategies for these tumors. To address the urgency, Children’s Brain Tumor Network (CBTN) has advanced an open science model to accelerate the research discovery for pediatric brain tumors. In first phase of Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA) effort CBTN together with Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium (PNOC) with support of Gabriella Miller Kids First Data Resource Center (KFDRC) created and comprehensively characterized over 1000 clinically annotated pediatric brain tumors. In the second phase of the OpenPBTA effort, through resource awards and collaboration across KFDRC, the NCI Childhood Cancer Data Initiative (CCDI), NCI’s Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC), NCI Center for Cancer Research and additional partnered institutions and foundations, CBTN has expanded OpenPBTA to support high throughput molecular characterization for an additional 1900 pediatric brain tumor patients and their families. This includes the processing and characterization of over 8000 specimens across >50 brain tumor diagnoses. The cohort expansion builds on >1000 previously characterized samples with a portfolio of multimodal data including whole genome sequencing, RNA sequencing, miRNA sequencing, methylation sequencing, proteomics, lipidomics and/or metabolomics. Molecular data is linked to patient longitudinal clinical data, imaging data (MRIs and radiology reports), histology slide images, and pathology reports. To inform novel discovery and clinical implementation of genomic approaches for diagnostic/therapeutic purposes, the data is deposited the cloud-based research environment of the NCI’s CCDI and the KFDRC to provide near real-time integration, dissemination, processing, and sharing of associated petabyte-scale harmonized data. The approach leverages the DRC platform’s cloud-based computational environment in CAVATICA. Processed annotations are facilitated via CAVATICA-enabled shareable pipelines and can be explored through PedcBioPortal, a data visualization/analysis application further integrating additional public and deposited datasets. This expansion phase of OpenPBTA is released with no embargo period and provides one of the largest deeply characterized cohorts of pediatric brain tumor samples and associated clinical data for >3000 pediatric brain tumor patients. CBTN’s open-science, rapid-release model aims to advance novel biomarkers and therapeutic exploratory research, supporting new clinical trial development and accelerated discovery on behalf of changing the outcome for kids with brain tumors. Citation Format: Mateusz P. Koptyra, Komal Rahti, Yuankun Zhu, Bailey Farrow, Daniel Miller, Adam Kraya, Yiran Guo, Peter Madsen, Nicholas Van Kuren, Xiaoyan Huang, Miguel A. Brown, Jennifer L. Mason, Meen Chul Kim, Allison P. Heath, Brian M. Ennis, Bo Zhang, Jena V. Lilly, Jo Lynne Rokita, Christopher Friedman, Ximena P. Cuellar, Catherine A. Sullivan, Noel Coleman, Trang Duros, Thinh Q. Nguyen, Emmett C. Drake, Zeinab Helili, Beth A. Frenkel, Gerri R. Trooskin, Ariana Familiar, Karthik Viswanathan, Christopher M. Beck, Madison L. Hollawell, Valerie P. Baubet, Cassie Kline, Mariarita Santi, Tatiana S. Patton, Stephanie Stefankiewicz, Arya Kamnaa, Ryan A. Velasco, Dani Cardona, Phillip J. Storm, Adam C. Resnick, o/b/o Children's Brain Tumor Network. Expansion of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas: Children's Brain Tumor Network, Kids First Data Resource and Childhood Cancer Data Initiative Open Science effort. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 3566.
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- 2023
32. GAS7 Deficiency Promotes Metastasis in MYCN-Driven Neuroblastoma
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Hu Li, Cheng Zhang, Gina L. Razidlo, Shuning He, Xiaonan Hou, Jo Lynne Rokita, Choong Yong Ung, Zhi-Wei Dong, Cassie J. Howe, Taylor M. Levee, S. John Weroha, Zuag Paj Her, Jennifer J. Westendorf, Janine H. van Ree, Julia S. Lehman, Kok Siong Yeo, John M. Maris, Alexander Meves, Erin N. Dankert Eggum, Shuai Li, Gonzalo Lopez, Shizhen Zhu, Jan M. van Deursen, Ting Tao, Jorge Torres-Mora, A. Thomas Look, Komal S. Rathi, and Karen J. Fritchie
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Apoptosis ,Nerve Tissue Proteins ,Context (language use) ,Mice, SCID ,Biology ,Metastasis ,Mice ,Neuroblastoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Downregulation and upregulation ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,neoplasms ,Gene ,Zebrafish ,Psychological repression ,Cell Proliferation ,N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein ,Prognosis ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Survival Rate ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research ,Chromosome Deletion ,Bone Marrow Neoplasms ,N-Myc - Abstract
One of the greatest barriers to curative treatment of neuroblastoma is its frequent metastatic outgrowth prior to diagnosis, especially in cases driven by amplification of the MYCN oncogene. However, only a limited number of regulatory proteins that contribute to this complex MYCN-mediated process have been elucidated. Here we show that the growth arrest-specific 7 (GAS7) gene, located at chromosome band 17p13.1, is preferentially deleted in high-risk MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. GAS7 expression was also suppressed in MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma lacking 17p deletion. GAS7 deficiency led to accelerated metastasis in both zebrafish and mammalian models of neuroblastoma with overexpression or amplification of MYCN. Analysis of expression profiles and the ultrastructure of zebrafish neuroblastoma tumors with MYCN overexpression identified that GAS7 deficiency led to (i) downregulation of genes involved in cell–cell interaction, (ii) loss of contact among tumor cells as critical determinants of accelerated metastasis, and (iii) increased levels of MYCN protein. These results provide the first genetic evidence that GAS7 depletion is a critical early step in the cascade of events culminating in neuroblastoma metastasis in the context of MYCN overexpression. Significance: Heterozygous deletion or MYCN-mediated repression of GAS7 in neuroblastoma releases an important brake on tumor cell dispersion and migration to distant sites, providing a novel mechanism underlying tumor metastasis in MYCN-driven neuroblastoma. See related commentary by Menard, p. 2815
- Published
- 2021
33. annoFuse: an R Package to annotate, prioritize, and interactively explore putative oncogenic RNA fusions
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Nicholas A. Chimicles, John M. Maris, Phillip B. Storm, Adam C. Resnick, Miguel A. Brown, Jaclyn N. Taroni, Federico Marini, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Pichai Raman, Ammar S. Naqvi, Bo Zhang, Yuankun Zhu, Konstantin Strauch, Jo Lynne Rokita, Payal Jain, and Komal S. Rathi
- Subjects
Oncogene Proteins, Fusion ,Protein domain ,RNA-Seq ,Shiny web application ,Computational biology ,Biology ,lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics ,Biochemistry ,law.invention ,Fusion gene ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Structural Biology ,law ,Neoplasms ,Gene expression ,False positive paradox ,Humans ,Molecular Biology ,Transcription factor ,Gene ,lcsh:QH301-705.5 ,Polymerase ,030304 developmental biology ,Cancer ,0303 health sciences ,Gene fusions ,Applied Mathematics ,Breakpoint ,RNA ,Oncogenes ,Computer Science Applications ,3. Good health ,R package ,lcsh:Biology (General) ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,Suppressor ,lcsh:R858-859.7 ,Annotation tool ,Gene Fusion ,DNA microarray ,RNA-seq ,Software ,Algorithms - Abstract
Background Gene fusion events are significant sources of somatic variation across adult and pediatric cancers and are some of the most clinically-effective therapeutic targets, yet low consensus of RNA-Seq fusion prediction algorithms makes therapeutic prioritization difficult. In addition, events such as polymerase read-throughs, mis-mapping due to gene homology, and fusions occurring in healthy normal tissue require informed filtering, making it difficult for researchers and clinicians to rapidly discern gene fusions that might be true underlying oncogenic drivers of a tumor and in some cases, appropriate targets for therapy. Results We developed annoFuse, an R package, and shinyFuse, a companion web application, to annotate, prioritize, and explore biologically-relevant expressed gene fusions, downstream of fusion calling. We validated annoFuse using a random cohort of TCGA RNA-Seq samples (N = 160) and achieved a 96% sensitivity for retention of high-confidence fusions (N = 603). annoFuse uses FusionAnnotator annotations to filter non-oncogenic and/or artifactual fusions. Then, fusions are prioritized if previously reported in TCGA and/or fusions containing gene partners that are known oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, COSMIC genes, and/or transcription factors. We applied annoFuse to fusion calls from pediatric brain tumor RNA-Seq samples (N = 1028) provided as part of the Open Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (OpenPBTA) Project to determine recurrent fusions and recurrently-fused genes within different brain tumor histologies. annoFuse annotates protein domains using the PFAM database, assesses reciprocality, and annotates gene partners for kinase domain retention. As a standard function, reportFuse enables generation of a reproducible R Markdown report to summarize filtered fusions, visualize breakpoints and protein domains by transcript, and plot recurrent fusions within cohorts. Finally, we created shinyFuse for algorithm-agnostic interactive exploration and plotting of gene fusions. Conclusions annoFuse provides standardized filtering and annotation for gene fusion calls from STAR-Fusion and Arriba by merging, filtering, and prioritizing putative oncogenic fusions across large cancer datasets, as demonstrated here with data from the OpenPBTA project. We are expanding the package to be widely-applicable to other fusion algorithms and expect annoFuse to provide researchers a method for rapidly evaluating, prioritizing, and translating fusion findings in patient tumors.
- Published
- 2020
34. Upfront Biology-Guided Therapy in Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma: Therapeutic, Molecular, and Biomarker Outcomes from PNOC003
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Cassie Kline, Payal Jain, Lindsay Kilburn, Erin R. Bonner, Nalin Gupta, John R. Crawford, Anu Banerjee, Roger J. Packer, Javier Villanueva-Meyer, Tracy Luks, Yalan Zhang, Madhuri Kambhampati, Jie Zhang, Sridevi Yadavilli, Bo Zhang, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Jo Lynne Rokita, Adam Kraya, John Kuhn, Winnie Liang, Sara Byron, Michael Berens, Annette Molinaro, Michael Prados, Adam Resnick, Sebastian M. Waszak, Javad Nazarian, Sabine Mueller, University of Zurich, and Mueller, Sabine
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Cancer Research ,Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities ,Oncology and Carcinogenesis ,610 Medicine & health ,Astrocytoma ,Genomic Instability ,Circulating Tumor DNA ,Young Adult ,Rare Diseases ,Clinical Research ,Genetics ,Brain Stem Neoplasms ,Humans ,1306 Cancer Research ,Oncology & Carcinogenesis ,Child ,Biology ,Cancer ,Pediatric ,screening and diagnosis ,Human Genome ,Diffuse Intrinsic Pontine Glioma ,Neurosciences ,Glioma ,Brain Disorders ,4.1 Discovery and preclinical testing of markers and technologies ,Brain Cancer ,Detection ,Orphan Drug ,Good Health and Well Being ,Oncology ,10036 Medical Clinic ,2730 Oncology ,Female ,Biomarkers - Abstract
Purpose: PNOC003 is a multicenter precision medicine trial for children and young adults with newly diagnosed diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG). Patients and Methods: Patients (3–25 years) were enrolled on the basis of imaging consistent with DIPG. Biopsy tissue was collected for whole-exome and mRNA sequencing. After radiotherapy (RT), patients were assigned up to four FDA-approved drugs based on molecular tumor board recommendations. H3K27M-mutant circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) was longitudinally measured. Tumor tissue and matched primary cell lines were characterized using whole-genome sequencing and DNA methylation profiling. When applicable, results were verified in an independent cohort from the Children's Brain Tumor Network (CBTN). Results: Of 38 patients enrolled, 28 patients (median 6 years, 10 females) were reviewed by the molecular tumor board. Of those, 19 followed treatment recommendations. Median overall survival (OS) was 13.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 11.2–18.4] with no difference between patients who followed recommendations and those who did not. H3K27M-mutant ctDNA was detected at baseline in 60% of cases tested and associated with response to RT and survival. Eleven cell lines were established, showing 100% fidelity of key somatic driver gene alterations in the primary tumor. In H3K27-altered DIPGs, TP53 mutations were associated with worse OS (TP53mut 11.1 mo; 95% CI, 8.7–14; TP53wt 13.3 mo; 95% CI, 11.8–NA; P = 3.4e−2), genome instability (P = 3.1e−3), and RT resistance (P = 6.4e−4). The CBTN cohort confirmed an association between TP53 mutation status, genome instability, and clinical outcome. Conclusions: Upfront treatment-naïve biopsy provides insight into clinically relevant molecular alterations and prognostic biomarkers for H3K27-altered DIPGs.
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- 2022
35. Telomere Maintenance Mechanisms Define Clinical Outcome in High-Risk Neuroblastoma
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Thinh H. Nguyen, Shawn J. Macha, Sharon J. Diskin, Ahsan Farooqi, Gonzalo Lopez, Kristyn McCoy, Eduardo Urias, John M. Maris, Ashly Hindle, Balakrishna Koneru, Shengping Yang, Vanda Yazdani, Apexa Modi, David A. Wheeler, C. Patrick Reynolds, Meredith S. Irwin, Karina L. Conkrite, Jonas Nance, Jo Lynne Rokita, and Heather L. Davidson
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Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Oncology ,X-linked Nuclear Protein ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,digestive system ,Article ,Disease-Free Survival ,Neuroblastoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Telomere Homeostasis ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Internal medicine ,Humans ,Medicine ,RNA, Messenger ,RNA-Seq ,Child ,Telomerase ,Gene ,ATRX ,Exome sequencing ,Regulation of gene expression ,Whole Genome Sequencing ,business.industry ,Infant ,Telomere ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,digestive system diseases ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030104 developmental biology ,Child, Preschool ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Biomarker (medicine) ,Female ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business ,Follow-Up Studies - Abstract
Neuroblastoma is a childhood cancer with heterogeneous clinical outcomes. To comprehensively assess the impact of telomere maintenance mechanism (TMM) on clinical outcomes in high-risk neuroblastoma, we integrated the C-circle assay [a marker for alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT)], TERT mRNA expression by RNA-sequencing, whole-genome/exome sequencing, and clinical covariates in 134 neuroblastoma patient samples at diagnosis. In addition, we assessed TMM in neuroblastoma cell lines (n = 104) and patient-derived xenografts (n = 28). ALT was identified in 23.4% of high-risk neuroblastoma tumors and genomic alterations in ATRX were detected in 60% of ALT tumors; 40% of ALT tumors lacked genomic alterations in known ALT-associated genes. Patients with high-risk neuroblastoma were classified into three subgroups (TERT-high, ALT+, and TERT-low/non-ALT) based on presence of C-circles and TERT mRNA expression (above or below median TERT expression). Event-free survival was similar among TERT-high, ALT+, or TERT-low/non-ALT patients. However, overall survival (OS) for TERT-low/non-ALT patients was significantly higher relative to TERT-high or ALT patients (log-rank test; P < 0.01) independent of current clinical and molecular prognostic markers. Consistent with the observed higher OS in patients with TERT-low/non-ALT tumors, continuous shortening of telomeres and decreasing viability occurred in low TERT–expressing, non-ALT patient-derived high-risk neuroblastoma cell lines. These findings demonstrate that assaying TMM with TERT mRNA expression and C-circles provides precise stratification of high-risk neuroblastoma into three subgroups with substantially different OS: a previously undescribed TERT-low/non-ALT cohort with superior OS (even after relapse) and two cohorts of patients with poor survival that have distinct molecular therapeutic targets. Significance: These findings assess telomere maintenance mechanisms with TERT mRNA and the ALT DNA biomarker C-circles to stratify neuroblastoma into three groups, with distinct overall survival independent of currently used clinical risk classifiers.
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- 2020
36. LIN28B promotes neuroblastoma metastasis and regulates PDZ binding kinase
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Melanie Weingart, Robert W. Schnepp, Komal S. Rathi, John M. Maris, Dongdong Chen, Julie Cox, Cara E. Shields, Kristopher R. Bosse, Priya Khurana, Adeiye Pilgrim, Jo Lynne Rokita, Oskar Laur, Jayabhargav Annam, Grace Essien, Daisy Li, and Selma M. Cuya
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0301 basic medicine ,Original article ,Cancer Research ,AURKA, Aurora kinase A ,LIN28B ,RNA-binding protein ,Biology ,GALNT14, N-acetyl-galactosaminyltransferase ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,PDZ binding kinase ,Metastasis ,TARGET, Therapeutically Applicable Research to Generate Effective Treatments project ,Neuroblastoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,PBK, PDZ Binding Kinase ,medicine ,Cell growth ,Kinase ,Neural crest ,Cancer ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,medicine.disease ,Neural stem cell ,Let-7 ,030104 developmental biology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Cancer research - Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive pediatric malignancy of the neural crest with suboptimal cure rates and a striking predilection for widespread metastases, underscoring the need to identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. We recently identified the RNA binding protein LIN28B as a driver in high-risk neuroblastoma and demonstrated it promotes oncogenic cell proliferation by coordinating a RAN-Aurora kinase A network. Here, we demonstrate that LIN28B influences another key hallmark of cancer, metastatic dissemination. Using a murine xenograft model of neuroblastoma dissemination, we show that LIN28B promotes metastasis. We demonstrate that this is in part due to the effects of LIN28B on self-renewal and migration, providing an understanding of how LIN28B shapes the metastatic phenotype. Our studies reveal that the let-7 family, which LIN28B inhibits, decreases self-renewal and migration. Next, we identify PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK) as a novel LIN28B target. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes the proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem cells and serves as an oncogenic driver in multiple aggressive malignancies. We demonstrate that PBK is both a novel direct target of let-7i and that MYCN regulates PBK expression, thus elucidating two oncogenic drivers that converge on PBK. Functionally, PBK promotes self-renewal and migration, phenocopying LIN28B. Taken together, our findings define a role for LIN28B in neuroblastoma metastasis and define the targetable kinase PBK as a potential novel vulnerability in metastatic neuroblastoma.
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- 2020
37. YAP1 Mediates Resistance to MEK1/2 Inhibition in Neuroblastomas with Hyperactivated RAS Signaling
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Jo Lynne Rokita, Laura Scolaro, John M. Maris, Colin M. Hayes, Grace E. Coggins, Komal S. Rathi, and Alvin Farrel
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0301 basic medicine ,Neuroblastoma RAS viral oncogene homolog ,Cancer Research ,MAP Kinase Signaling System ,Pyridones ,Pyrimidinones ,Article ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras) ,Neuroblastoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Mediator ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Humans ,E2F ,neoplasms ,Protein Kinase Inhibitors ,Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing ,Trametinib ,YAP1 ,Hippo signaling pathway ,Chemistry ,Gene Expression Profiling ,YAP-Signaling Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,030104 developmental biology ,Oncology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Mutation ,Cancer research ,Signal transduction ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
Relapsed neuroblastomas are enriched with activating mutations of the RAS–MAPK signaling pathway. The MEK1/2 inhibitor trametinib delays tumor growth but does not sustain regression in neuroblastoma preclinical models. Recent studies have implicated the Hippo pathway transcriptional coactivator protein YAP1 as an additional driver of relapsed neuroblastomas, as well as a mediator of trametinib resistance in other cancers. Here, we used a highly annotated set of high-risk neuroblastoma cellular models to modulate YAP1 expression and RAS pathway activation to test whether increased YAP1 transcriptional activity is a mechanism of MEK1/2 inhibition resistance in RAS-driven neuroblastomas. In NLF (biallelic NF1 inactivation) and SK-N-AS (NRAS Q61K) cell lines, trametinib caused a near-complete translocation of YAP1 protein into the nucleus. YAP1 depletion sensitized neuroblastoma cells to trametinib, while overexpression of constitutively active YAP1 protein induced trametinib resistance. Mechanistically, significant enhancement of G1–S cell-cycle arrest, mediated by depletion of MYC/MYCN and E2F transcriptional output, sensitized RAS-driven neuroblastomas to trametinib following YAP1 deletion. These findings underscore the importance of YAP activity in response to trametinib in RAS-driven neuroblastomas, as well as the potential for targeting YAP in a trametinib combination. Significance: High-risk neuroblastomas with hyperactivated RAS signaling escape the selective pressure of MEK inhibition via YAP1-mediated transcriptional reprogramming and may be sensitive to combination therapies targeting both YAP1 and MEK.
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- 2019
38. ASCL1 is a MYCN- and LMO1-dependent member of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry
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Jo Lynne Rokita, Brian J. Abraham, Shi Hao Tan, Mark W. Zimmerman, Richard A. Young, Nina Weichert-Leahey, Takaomi Sanda, Tze King Tan, Koshi Akahane, Lu Wang, Phuong Cao Thi Ngoc, Lee N. Lawton, John M. Maris, Adam D. Durbin, and A. Thomas Look
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0301 basic medicine ,Cellular differentiation ,Science ,Gene regulatory network ,General Physics and Astronomy ,Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Paediatric cancer ,Neuroblastoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,Adrenergic Agents ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cell Line, Tumor ,Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ,medicine ,Humans ,Gene Regulatory Networks ,lcsh:Science ,neoplasms ,Transcription factor ,Regulation of gene expression ,N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein ,Multidisciplinary ,biology ,Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ret ,Cell Differentiation ,Oncogenes ,General Chemistry ,LIM Domain Proteins ,medicine.disease ,Survival Analysis ,Cell biology ,DNA-Binding Proteins ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,ASCL1 ,030104 developmental biology ,Regulatory sequence ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,biology.protein ,lcsh:Q ,HAND2 ,Transcription ,Transcription Factors - Abstract
A heritable polymorphism within regulatory sequences of the LMO1 gene is associated with its elevated expression and increased susceptibility to develop neuroblastoma, but the oncogenic pathways downstream of the LMO1 transcriptional co-regulatory protein are unknown. Our ChIP-seq and RNA-seq analyses reveal that a key gene directly regulated by LMO1 and MYCN is ASCL1, which encodes a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor. Regulatory elements controlling ASCL1 expression are bound by LMO1, MYCN and the transcription factors GATA3, HAND2, PHOX2B, TBX2 and ISL1—all members of the adrenergic (ADRN) neuroblastoma core regulatory circuitry (CRC). ASCL1 is required for neuroblastoma cell growth and arrest of differentiation. ASCL1 and LMO1 directly regulate the expression of CRC genes, indicating that ASCL1 is a member and LMO1 is a coregulator of the ADRN neuroblastoma CRC., Polymorphisms in LMO1 are associated with increased susceptibility to develop neuroblastoma. Here, the authors show that LMO1 directly induces the transcription factor ASCL1, which regulates the differentiation of neurons, demonstrating that ASCL1 is part of the adrenergic neuroblastoma core regulatory circuit.
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- 2019
39. Development of GPC2-directed chimeric antigen receptors using mRNA for pediatric brain tumors
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David M. Barrett, Daniel Martinez, Jo Lynne Rokita, Komal S. Rathi, Katalin Karikó, Adam C. Resnick, Peter J. Madsen, Kristopher R. Bosse, Allison Stern, John M. Maris, Cameron Brimley, Crystal Griffin, Maria Lane, Samantha Buongervino, Jessica B. Foster, Phillip B. Storm, Tiffany Smith, and Robert J. Wechsler-Reya
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Medulloblastoma ,Programmed cell death ,business.industry ,T cell ,Cell ,Degranulation ,medicine.disease ,Glypican 2 ,Chimeric antigen receptor ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Glioma ,Cancer research ,medicine ,business - Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors are the leading cause of cancer death in children with an urgent need for innovative therapies. Here we show that the cell surface oncoprotein glypican 2 (GPC2) is highly expressed on multiple lethal pediatric brain tumors, including medulloblastomas, embryonal tumors with multi-layered rosettes, other CNS embryonal tumors, as well as definable subsets of highly malignant gliomas. To target GPC2 on these pediatric brain tumors with adoptive cellular therapies and mitigate potential inflammatory neurotoxicity, we developed four mRNA chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell constructs using the highly GPC2-specific fully human D3 single chain variable fragment. First, we validated and prioritized these CARs using in vitro cytotoxicity and T cell degranulation assays with GPC2-expressing neuroblastoma cells. Next, we expanded the testing of the two most potent GPC2-directed CAR constructs prioritized from these studies to GPC2-expressing medulloblastoma and high-grade glioma cell lines, showing significant GPC2-specific cell death in multiple models. Finally, locoregional delivery bi-weekly of two to four million GPC2-directed mRNA CAR T cells induced significant and sustained tumor regression in two orthotopic medulloblastoma models, and significantly prolonged survival in an aggressive orthotopic thalamic diffuse midline glioma model. No GPC2-directed CAR T cell related neurologic or systemic toxicity was observed. Taken together, these data show that GPC2 is a highly differentially expressed cell surface protein on multiple malignant pediatric brain tumors that can be targeted safely with local delivery of mRNA CAR T cells.One Sentence SummaryGlypican 2 is expressed on the surface of multiple pediatric brain tumors and can be successfully targeted with mRNA chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
- Published
- 2021
40. Pediatric high-grade glioma resources from the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium
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Jennifer Mason, Jena Lilly, Yuankun Zhu, Lamiya Tauhid, Heba Ijaz, Zalman Vaksman, Valerie Baubet, Jo Lynne Rokita, Adam C. Resnick, Mateusz Koptyra, Alex Felmeister, Gonzalo Lopez, Thomas De Raedt, Angela J. Waanders, Pichai Raman, Kristina A. Cole, Sharon J. Diskin, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Mariarita Santi, Phillip B. Storm, Rishi Lulla, Javad Nazarian, Miguel A. Brown, Elizabeth Appert, Bo Zhang, and Allison Heath
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Male ,Oncology ,Cancer Research ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Brain Neoplasms ,Extramural ,business.industry ,Brain tumor ,Biological Specimen Banks ,Glioma ,medicine.disease ,Internal medicine ,Databases, Genetic ,medicine ,Humans ,Female ,Neurology (clinical) ,Child ,business ,Letter to the Editor ,High-Grade Glioma - Published
- 2019
41. HGG-54. CLK1 aberrant splicing in pediatric high-grade gliomas disrupts key oncogenic transcriptional programs
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Ammar Naqvi, Brian Ennis, Run Jin, Krutika Gaonkar, Jessica Foster, Karina Conkrite, Komal Rathi, Adam Kraya, Poonam Sonawane, Peter Madsen, Phillip Storm, Adam Resnick, and Jo Lynne Rokita
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Cancer Research ,Oncology ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
While much of the somatic coding variation underlying the oncogenic transformation of pediatric high-grade gliomas (HGGs) has been profiled, transcriptional splicing programs of these tumors remain under-explored. Here, we characterize aberrant alternative splicing in pediatric midline HGGs (n = 84). We identified 19,275 recurrent and significant (20% change from control, P < 0.05, FDR < 0.05) aberrant splicing events in 8,587 genes compared to non-diseased brainstem controls. Of those, 27% (n = 5,157) resulted in either a gain or loss of a known protein functional site within 3,294 genes. We prioritized splice variants affecting targetable kinases and found that mRNAs encoding CDC-like kinase 1 (CLK1), a known modulator of master splicing regulators, exhibit significantly increased exon 4 inclusion in midline HGGs. This leads to a gain of two known phosphorylation sites in CLK1, increased CLK1 protein expression and hyper-phosphorylation of Serine-rich splicing factors. To assess the impact of this event, we performed differential splicing and expression analyses, comparing tumors with the highest (n= 5) and lowest (n = 5) exon 4 inclusion. We discovered 3,037 genes to be differentially up-regulated in high exon 4 inclusion tumors with an enrichment of cancer-related pathways, including DNA repair, mitotic spindle, myogenesis and EMT. We next integrated these gene signatures with protein-protein interaction networks of kinase and transcription factors and show that increased CLK1 exon 4 inclusion disrupts critical regulatory networks, such as those involving FOXM1, which is implicated in cell cycle and proliferation processes. In summary, we describe aberrant splicing in pediatric HGGs as an additional mechanism that could drive tumorigenesis. Future work will focus on molecular validation and therapeutic targeting of CLK1 in available HGG models. Characterizing tumor-specific splicing variation has the potential to open new therapeutic strategies and understand mechanisms of treatment resistance in children with central nervous system tumors.
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- 2022
42. Limited antitumor activity of combined BET and MEK inhibition in neuroblastoma
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Jacob Ruden, Yimei Li, Jason R. Healy, Jo Lynne Rokita, Matthew Tsang, Jimmy Elias, Alexander L. Shazad, Lori S. Hart, John M. Maris, Maria Gagliardi, Robert W. Schnepp, Vandana Batra, Minu Samanta, Olena Barbash, Anastasia Wyce, and Alvin Farrel
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MAPK/ERK pathway ,Pyridones ,MAP Kinase Kinase 1 ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Apoptosis ,Mice, SCID ,Pyrimidinones ,Article ,Benzodiazepines ,Mice ,Neuroblastoma ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,In vivo ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Animals ,Humans ,Medicine ,Protein kinase A ,neoplasms ,Cell Proliferation ,Trametinib ,business.industry ,Cell growth ,Kinase ,Proteins ,Hematology ,medicine.disease ,Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health ,Cancer research ,Female ,business ,030215 immunology - Abstract
Background The treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma continues to present a formidable challenge to pediatric oncology. Previous studies have shown that Bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) inhibitors can inhibit MYCN expression and suppress MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma in vivo. Furthermore, alterations within RAS-MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling play significant roles in neuroblastoma initiation, maintenance, and relapse, and mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK) inhibitors demonstrate efficacy in subsets of neuroblastoma preclinical models. Finally, hyperactivation of RAS-MAPK signaling has been shown to promote resistance to BET inhibitors. Therefore, we examined the antitumor efficacy of combined BET/MEK inhibition utilizing I-BET726 or I-BET762 and trametinib in high-risk neuroblastoma. Procedure Utilizing a panel of genomically annotated neuroblastoma cell line models, we investigated the in vitro effects of combined BET/MEK inhibition on cell proliferation and apoptosis. Furthermore, we evaluated the effects of combined inhibition in neuroblastoma xenograft models. Results Combined BET and MEK inhibition demonstrated synergistic effects on the growth and survival of a large panel of neuroblastoma cell lines through augmentation of apoptosis. A combination therapy slowed tumor growth in a non-MYCN-amplified, NRAS-mutated neuroblastoma xenograft model, but had no efficacy in an MYCN-amplified model harboring a loss-of-function mutation in NF1. Conclusions Combinatorial BET and MEK inhibition was synergistic in the vast majority of neuroblastoma cell lines in the in vitro setting but showed limited antitumor activity in vivo. Collectively, these data do not support clinical development of this combination in high-risk neuroblastoma.
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- 2020
43. Epigenomic profiling of neuroblastoma cell lines
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Apexa Modi, Robyn T. Sussman, Paolo Fortina, Khushbu Patel, Kristen A. Upton, Rebecca N. Adams, John M. Maris, Jo Lynne Rokita, Gregory P. Way, Gregory I. Sacks, Nathan M. Kendsersky, Karina L. Conkrite, and Sharon J. Diskin
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Epigenomics ,Data Descriptor ,Transcriptome ,Histones ,Neuroblastoma ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cancer genomics ,2.1 Biological and endogenous factors ,lcsh:Science ,Cancer ,Pediatric ,0303 health sciences ,N-Myc Proto-Oncogene Protein ,Tumor ,biology ,Chromatin ,Computer Science Applications ,3. Good health ,Histone ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty ,Information Systems ,Biotechnology ,Statistics and Probability ,Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ,Pediatric Research Initiative ,Pediatric Cancer ,Computational biology ,Library and Information Sciences ,Education ,Cell Line ,Paediatric cancer ,03 medical and health sciences ,Rare Diseases ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Genetics ,Humans ,natural sciences ,Transcription factor ,neoplasms ,030304 developmental biology ,Gene Expression Profiling ,Human Genome ,Neurosciences ,medicine.disease ,Cell culture ,biology.protein ,H3K4me3 ,lcsh:Q - Abstract
Understanding the aberrant transcriptional landscape of neuroblastoma is necessary to provide insight to the underlying influences of the initiation, progression and persistence of this developmental cancer. Here, we present chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) data for the oncogenic transcription factors, MYCN and MYC, as well as regulatory histone marks H3K4me1, H3K4me3, H3K27Ac, and H3K27me3 in ten commonly used human neuroblastoma-derived cell line models. In addition, for all of the profiled cell lines we provide ATAC-Seq as a measure of open chromatin. We validate specificity of global MYCN occupancy in MYCN amplified cell lines and functional redundancy of MYC occupancy in MYCN non-amplified cell lines. Finally, we show with H3K27Ac ChIP-Seq that these cell lines retain expression of key neuroblastoma super-enhancers (SE). We anticipate this dataset, coupled with available transcriptomic profiling on the same cell lines, will enable the discovery of novel gene regulatory mechanisms in neuroblastoma., Measurement(s)histone H3-K4 methylation • histone H3-K27 methylation • histone acetylation • TF_binding_site • open_chromatin_regionTechnology Type(s)ChIP-seq • ChIP-Seq • ATAC-seqFactor Type(s)type of neuroblastoma cell line • MYCN amplification vs no MYCN amplificationSample Characteristic - OrganismHomo sapiens Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data: 10.6084/m9.figshare.11993883
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- 2020
44. Combined innate and adaptive immunotherapy overcomes resistance of immunologically cold syngeneic murine neuroblastoma to checkpoint inhibition
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Anna Hoefges, Julie Voeller, Sabrina VandenHeuvel, John M. Maris, Peter M. Carlson, Jacquelyn A. Hank, Amy K. Erbe, Kayla Rasmussen, Jacob Slowinski, Xing Wang, Jo Lynne Rokita, Paul M. Sondel, Alexander L. Rakhmilevich, Alvin Farrel, Ravi Patel, Stephen D. Gillies, Ashley Stuckwisch, and Zachary S. Morris
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Cancer Research ,Pediatric cancer ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Cell ,Combination immunotherapy ,Adaptive Immunity ,Anti-disialogangliodside (anti-GD2) ,Neuroblastoma ,Mice ,0302 clinical medicine ,Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological ,Tumor Cells, Cultured ,Tumor Microenvironment ,Immunology and Allergy ,Radiation ,lcsh:Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,Immunohistochemistry ,3. Good health ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Molecular Medicine ,Cytokines ,Female ,Research Article ,medicine.drug_class ,Immunologically cold tumors ,Immunology ,Monoclonal antibody ,lcsh:RC254-282 ,03 medical and health sciences ,Immune system ,Checkpoint blockade ,Cell Line, Tumor ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Animals ,Pharmacology ,Tumor microenvironment ,Innate immune system ,business.industry ,Immunotherapy ,medicine.disease ,Immunity, Innate ,Disease Models, Animal ,030104 developmental biology ,Drug Resistance, Neoplasm ,Cancer research ,business ,Immunologic Memory - Abstract
Background Unlike some adult cancers, most pediatric cancers are considered immunologically cold and generally less responsive to immunotherapy. While immunotherapy has already been incorporated into standard of care treatment for pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma, overall survival remains poor. In a mouse melanoma model, we found that radiation and tumor-specific immunocytokine generate an in situ vaccination response in syngeneic mice bearing large tumors. Here, we tested whether a novel immunotherapeutic approach utilizing radiation and immunocytokine together with innate immune stimulation could generate a potent antitumor response with immunologic memory against syngeneic murine neuroblastoma. Methods Mice bearing disialoganglioside (GD2)-expressing neuroblastoma tumors (either NXS2 or 9464D-GD2) were treated with radiation and immunotherapy (including anti-GD2 immunocytokine with or without anti-CTLA-4, CpG and anti-CD40 monoclonal antibody). Tumor growth, animal survival and immune cell infiltrate were analyzed in the tumor microenvironment in response to various treatment regimens. Results NXS2 had a moderate tumor mutation burden (TMB) while N-MYC driven 9464D-GD2 had a low TMB, therefore the latter served as a better model for high-risk neuroblastoma (an immunologically cold tumor). Radiation and immunocytokine induced a potent in situ vaccination response against NXS2 tumors, but not in the 9464D-GD2 tumor model. Addition of checkpoint blockade with anti-CTLA-4 was not effective alone against 9464D-GD2 tumors; inclusion of CpG and anti-CD40 achieved a potent antitumor response with decreased T regulatory cells within the tumors and induction of immunologic memory. Conclusions These data suggest that a combined innate and adaptive immunotherapeutic approach can be effective against immunologically cold syngeneic murine neuroblastoma. Further testing is needed to determine how these concepts might translate into development of more effective immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of clinically high-risk neuroblastoma.
- Published
- 2019
45. PDTM-16. PEDIATRIC HIGH GRADE GLIOMA RESOURCES FROM THE CHILDREN’S BRAIN TUMOR TISSUE CONSORTIUM (CBTTC) AND PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR ATLAS (PBTA)
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Rishi Lulla, Alex Felmeister, Jo Lynne Rokita, Zalman Vaksman, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Jena Lilly, Mariarita Santi, Bo Zhang, Adam C. Resnick, Gonzalo Lopez, Yuankun Zhu, Valerie Baubet, Allison Heath, Thomas De Raedt, Phillip B. Storm, Jennifer Mason, Sharon J. Diskin, Heba Ijaz, Javad Nazarian, Mateusz Koptyra, Miguel A. Brown, Lamiya Tauhid, Angela Waanders, Kristina A. Cole, Pichai Raman, and Elizabeth Appert
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Pediatric Tumors ,Brain tumor ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Oncology ,Atlas (anatomy) ,medicine ,Pediatric Brain Tumor ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,High-Grade Glioma - Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric high grade glioma (pHGG) remains a fatal disease. Access to richly annotated biospecimens and patient derived tumor models will accelerate pHGG research and support translation of research discoveries. This work describes the pediatric high grade glioma set of the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC) from the first release of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA). METHODS pHGG tumors with associated clinical data and imaging were prospectively collected through the CBTTC and analyzed as the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA) with processed genomic data deposited into PedcBioPortal for broad access and visualization. Matched tumor was cultured to create high grade glioma cell lines analyzed by targeted and WGS and RNA-seq. A tissue microarray (TMA) of primary pHGG tumors was also created. RESULTS The pHGG set includes 87 collection events (73 patients, 60% at diagnosis, median age of 9 yrs, 55% female, 46% hemispheric). Operative reports, pathology reports and histology images are available for nearly all cases. Pre- and post-operative MRI images and reports are also available for a subset. Tumor WGS/RNAseq is available for 70 subjects. Analysis of somatic mutations and copy number alterations of known glioma genes were of expected distribution (36% H3.3, 47% TP53, 24% ATRX and 7% BRAFV600E variants). In our panel of pHGG, six patients (8 tumors) harbored germline mismatch repair mutations with tumor hyper-mutation. A pHGG TMA (n=77), includes 36 patient tumors with matched sequencing. At least one established glioma cell line was generated from 23 patients (32%). Unique reagents include those derived from a H3.3 G34R glioma and from tumors with mismatch repair deficiency. CONCLUSION The CBTTC and PBTA have created an openly available integrated resource of over 2,000 tumors, including a rich set of pHGG primary tumors, corresponding cell lines and archival fixed tissue to advance translational research for pHGG.
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- 2019
46. Abstract 3024: Targeting the RNA binding protein LIN28B in Group 3 medulloblastoma decreases proliferation and promotes apoptosis
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Tobey J. MacDonald, Kyle Juraschka, Jo Lynne Rokita, Robert W. Schnepp, Shubin Shahab, Anna Kenney, Michael D. Taylor, and Sachin Kumar
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Medulloblastoma ,Cancer Research ,Kinase ,Wnt signaling pathway ,Cancer ,RNA-binding protein ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Metastasis ,Transcriptome ,Oncology ,microRNA ,Cancer research ,medicine - Abstract
Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric malignant brain tumor and is currently divided into WNT, SHH, Group 3 and Group 4 subtypes. Even with multimodal chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery, many children with Group 3 MBs do not survive. While the molecular aberrations underlying WNT- and SHH-driven MBs are relatively well understood, the oncogenic drivers that lead to Group 3/4 MBs are poorly defined, limiting therapeutic progress. In addition to genetic mutations and alterations, cancers display dysregulated transcription and translation. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play key roles in both transcription and translation, and a subset of RBPs are differentially expressed in many different cancers. Indeed, we have previously demonstrated an oncogenic role for the RBP LIN28B in neuroblastoma and it is known to be upregulated in Wilms tumor, hepatoblastoma, germ cell tumors, leukemia among others. LIN28B is a key regulator of let-7 family miRNAs, which in turn inhibit LIN28B and other oncogenes. We hypothesize that LIN28B plays an important role in Group 3 MB and that a better understanding of LIN28B and LIN28B-driven networks will reveal novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. In support of our hypothesis we find that among the four subtypes, LIN28B levels are highest in Group 3 MB, and that overexpression is associated with significantly worse survival. Down-regulation of LIN28B results in significant reduction in cell proliferation by CellTiter-Glo and increased apoptosis by Caspase-Glo (as well as induction of cleaved PARP on immunoblots). In contrast overexpression of LIN28B increases Group 3 cell proliferation and tumor sphere formation. In addition we find that PDZ-binding kinase (PBK) a downstream target of LIN28B is downregulated when LIN28B is depleted. PBK knock down also leads to decreased proliferation of Group 3 MB cells. Finally, in order to robustly define the signaling networks downstream from LIN28B that are involved in Group 3 MB metastasis, we have performed who transcriptome RNA-seq profiling of two group 3 cell lines following LIN28B depletion and plan to interrogate a subset of these based on expression change and functional relevance to LIN28B-mediated Group 3 MB metastasis. This work will help define the role for LIN28B in Group 3 MB aggressiveness and pave the way for similar studies in other cancers. Citation Format: Shubin W. Shahab, Jo Lynne Rokita, Kyle Juraschka, Sachin Kumar, Michael Taylor, Robert W. Schnepp, Tobey J. MacDonald, Anna M. Kenney. Targeting the RNA binding protein LIN28B in Group 3 medulloblastoma decreases proliferation and promotes apoptosis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 3024.
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- 2021
47. OMIC-14. OPENPBTA: AN OPEN PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR ATLAS
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Yiran Guo, Bo Zhang, Cassie Kline, Candace L. Savonen, Komal S. Rathi, Bailey Farrow, Nighat Noureen, Brian Ennis, Laura Scolaro, Joshua A. Shapiro, Hongbo Xie, Angela J. Waanders, Miguel A. Brown, Shrivats Kannan, Nicolas Van Kuren, Danny Miller, Jena Lilly, Pichai Raman, Chante Bethell, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Tejaswi Koganti, Adam A. Kraya, Derek Hanson, Mariarita Santi, Jaclyn N. Taroni, Xiaoyan Huang, Allison Heath, Jo Lynne Rokita, Yuankun Zhu, Nhat Duong, Stephanie J. Spielman, Payal Jain, Jennifer Mason, Jessica Wong, Mateusz Koptyra, Siyuan Zheng, Angela N. Viaene, Philip B Storm, Adam C. Resnick, Shannon Robbins, and Casey S. Greene
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Cancer Research ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Atlas (topology) ,Childhood cancer ,Omics ,Oncology ,Pediatric Brain Tumor ,Drug response ,AcademicSubjects/MED00300 ,Medicine ,AcademicSubjects/MED00310 ,Neurology (clinical) ,business - Abstract
Pediatric brain tumors comprise a heterogeneous molecular and histological landscape that challenges most current precision-medicine approaches. While recent large-scale efforts to molecularly characterize distinct histological entities have dramatically advanced the field’s capacity to classify and further define molecular subtypes, developing therapeutic and less toxic molecularly-defined clinical approaches remains a challenge. To define new approaches to meet these challenges and advance scalable, shared biospecimen- and data-resources for pediatric brain tumors, the Children’s Brain Tumor Network and Pacific Pediatric Neuro-Oncology Consortium, in partnership with the Alex’s Lemonade Stand Foundation Childhood Cancer Data Lab, launched OpenPBTA, a global open science Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas initiative to comprehensively define the molecular landscape of pediatric brain tumors. The initiative contains multi-modal analyses of research- and clinical-trial based DNA and RNA sequences from nearly 1,000 subjects (with 1,256 tumors) along with their longitudinal clinical data. The OpenPBTA’s open science framework for analysis tests the capacity of crowd-sourced collaborative architectures to advance more rapid, iterative and integrated discovery of the underlying mechanisms of disease across pediatric brain and spinal cord tumors. Since the launch of the project, OpenPBTA has collaboratively created reproducible workflows for integrated consensus SNV, CNV, and fusion calling, enabled RNA-Seq-based classification of medulloblastoma subtypes, and more than 25 additional DNA- and RNA-based analyses. The open-science platform and associated datasets and processed results provide a continuously updated, global view of the integrated cross-disease molecular landscape of pediatric brain tumors. Such biospecimen- and clinically-linked scalable data resources provide unprecedented collaborative opportunities for precision-based, personalized therapeutic discovery and drug development with the upcoming further integration of proteomic sample data (N >300) and drug response datasets, additionally diversifying the multimodal discovery potential of crowd-sourced approaches for accelerated impact for children with brain tumors.
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- 2021
48. Epigenomic profiling of neuroblastoma cell lines v1
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Kristen Upton, Robyn T. Sussman, Khushbu Patel, Gregory P. Way, Rebecca N. Adams, Gregory I. Sacks, Paolo Fortina, John M. Maris, and Jo Lynne Rokita
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This protocol explains the process of how we collected MYCN, MYC, and Histone ChIP-Seq data, as well as ATAC-Seq data for neuroblastoma cell lines. This protocol is comprised of three sections: Cell Growth and Expansion for care of neuroblastoma cell lines, ChIP-Seq protocol, and ATAC-Seq Protocol. Table 1, within the document, outlines which data was collected for each cell line.
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- 2019
49. LIN28B-PDZ Binding Kinase Signaling Promotes Neuroblastoma Metastasis
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Grace Essien, Jo Lynne Rokita, Kristopher R. Bosse, Dongdong Chen, Melanie Weingart, Julie Cox, Robert W. Schnepp, Daisy Li, Priya Khurana, Komal S. Rathi, Selma M. Cuya, Jayabhargav Annam, Adeiye Pilgrim, and John M. Maris
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Kinase ,Cell growth ,Neuroblastoma ,medicine ,Cancer research ,Neural crest ,Cancer ,RNA-binding protein ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Neural stem cell ,Metastasis - Abstract
Neuroblastoma is an aggressive pediatric malignancy of the neural crest with suboptimal cure rates and a striking predilection for widespread metastases, underscoring the need to identify novel therapeutic vulnerabilities. We recently identified the RNA binding protein LIN28B as a driver in high-risk neuroblastoma and demonstrated it promotes oncogenic cell proliferation by coordinating a RAN-Aurora kinase A network. Here, we demonstrate that LIN28B influences another key hallmark of cancer, metastatic dissemination. Using a murine xenograft model of neuroblastoma dissemination, we show that LIN28B promotes metastasis. We demonstrate that this is in part due to the effects of LIN28B on self-renewal and migration, providing an understanding of how LIN28B shapes the metastatic phenotype. Our studies reveal that the let-7 family, which LIN28B inhibits, opposes the effects of LIN28B. Next, we identify PDZ Binding Kinase (PBK) as a novel LIN28B target. PBK is a serine/threonine kinase that promotes the proliferation and self-renewal of neural stem cells and serves as an oncogenic driver in multiple aggressive malignancies. We demonstrate that PBK is both a novel direct target of let-7 and that MYCN regulates PBK expression, thus elucidating two oncogenic drivers that converge on PBK. Functionally, PBK promotes self-renewal and migration, phenocopying LIN28B. Taken together, our findings define a role for LIN28B in neuroblastoma metastasis and define the targetable kinase PBK as a potential novel vulnerability in metastatic neuroblastoma.
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- 2019
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50. Pediatric High Grade Glioma Resources From the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC) and Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA)
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Jo Lynne Rokita, Javad Nazarian, Sharon J. Diskin, Angela J. Waanders, Pichai Raman, Zalman Vaksman, Mariarita Santi-Vicini, Miguel A. Brown, Mateusz Koptyra, Gonzalo Lopez Garcia, Phillip B. Storm, Jena Lilly, Krutika S. Gaonkar, Bo Zhang, Thomas De Raedt, Lamiya Tauhid, Kristina A. Cole, Elizabeth Appert, Yuankun Zhu, Jennifer Mason, Heba Ijaz, Alex Felmeister, Adam C. Resnick, Rishi Lulla, Allison Heath, and Valerie Baubet
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Oncology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Tissue microarray ,business.industry ,Brain tumor ,Glioma cell ,medicine.disease ,Internal medicine ,Glioma ,Pediatric Brain Tumor ,medicine ,Fatal disease ,business ,ATRX ,High-Grade Glioma - Abstract
BackgroundPediatric high grade glioma (pHGG) remains a fatal disease. Increased access to richly annotated biospecimens and patient derived tumor models will accelerate pHGG research and support translation of research discoveries. This work describes the pediatric high grade glioma set of the Children’s Brain Tumor Tissue Consortium (CBTTC) from the first release (October 2018) of the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA).MethodspHGG tumors with associated clinical data and imaging were prospectively collected through the CBTTC and analyzed as the Pediatric Brain Tumor Atlas (PBTA) with processed genomic data deposited into PedcBioPortal for broad access and visualization. Matched tumor was cultured to create high grade glioma cell lines analyzed by targeted and WGS and RNA-seq. A tissue microarray (TMA) of primary pHGG tumors was also created.ResultsThe pHGG set included 87 collection events (73 patients, 60% at diagnosis, median age of 9 yrs, 55% female, 46% hemispheric). Analysis of somatic mutations and copy number alterations of known glioma genes were of expected distribution (36%H3.3, 47%TP53, 24%ATRXand 7%BRAFV600E variants). A pHGG TMA (n=77), includes 36 (53%) patient tumors with matched sequencing. At least one established glioma cell line was generated from 23 patients (32%). Unique reagents include those derived from aH3.3G34R glioma and from tumors with mismatch repair deficiency.ConclusionThe CBTTC and PBTA have created an openly available integrated resource of over 2,000 tumors, including a rich set of pHGG primary tumors, corresponding cell lines and archival fixed tissue to advance translational research for pHGG.IMPORTANCE OF STUDYHigh-grade gliomas (HGG) remain the leading cause of cancer death in children. Since molecularly heterogeneous, preclinical studies of pediatric HGG will be most informative if able to compare across groups. Given their relatively rarity, there are few readily available biospecimens and cellular models to inform preclinical laboratory and genomic translational research. Therefore, the aim of this CBTTC study was to highlight the panel of pediatric HGG cases whose primary tumors have undergone extensive genomic analysis, have clinical data, available imaging and additional biospecimens, including tumor, nucleic acids, cell lines and FFPE tissue on a tissue microarray (TMA).
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- 2019
- Full Text
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