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Traditional removable partial dentures (RPDs) with cobalt-chromium frameworks have been used for several decades, restoring the masticatory function. However, these frameworks have been documented as aesthetically unacceptable due to the display of metal clasps. The patients' increased demands regarding the aesthetic aspects of rehabilitation treatment led to the introduction of new, more aesthetic materials in clinical practice. One of the main materials is polyetheretherketone (PEEK). This clinical report presents PEEK as an alternative material for fabricating RPD frameworks for a Class III Kennedy partial edentulous mandible. The framework was constructed using CAD/CAM manufacturing, and the process combined laboratory scanning, digital framework design, resin try-in milling, and PEEK framework milling. The framework showed good adaptation to the abutment teeth and surrounding tissues. The patient was followed for 2 years without complaints and was grateful for the aesthetics. During this period, there were no signs of degradation in the framework, and the clasps were still as retentive as they were at the initial appointment, with only some pigmentation of the structure being observed.

Different techniques have been described for fabricating obturators for patients with maxillary defects. The hollow bulb obturator has emerged as the treatment of choice in most patients due to its light weight, decreased stress on the underlying tissues, and decreased patient discomfort. This article presents a technique for fabricating a closed hollow bulb obturator using a laboratory scanner, computer-aided design software, and three-dimensional printing.

A condição de existência de um triângulo ABC de lados a, b e c estabelece que a+b>c. O presente trabalho identifica nos elementos do triângulo, uma certa quantidade k>0 tal que a+b=c+k. Para essa identificação, foram obtidos os pontos interceptos M, N e P do triângulo com o seu Incírculo de centro I. O principal resultado é a Equivalência de Áreas entre o Quadrilátero Reentrante ADBC, sendo D o vértice percorrendo o incírculo que minimiza sua área, e a área do Deltoide CNIP. Como contribuição geométrica, é sugerida uma construção para obtenção dos interceptos M, N e P sobre ABC sem a prévia necessidade do traçado do incírculo. Por fim, uma ferramenta dinâmica foi aplicada para traçar coordenadas definidas, ponto a ponto, pelas áreas dos Quadriláteros Reentrantes ADBC, ADCB e ACDB, enquanto o vértice comum D percorre o incírculo do triângulo ABC. Trajetórias elípticas desses pontos foram reveladas.

Moringa oleifera (“moringa”) seeds are sources of fixed oil with a composition of fatty acids important for their biological properties. This work aimed to verify the fixed oil of seed, regarding chemical composition, antibacterial activity alone and in association with antibiotics against standard and multidrug resistant bacterial strains. In the chemical composition of the fixed oil, the unsaturated fatty acids (78.26 %) predominated in relation to saturated fatty acids (17.34 %). The palmitic acid (5.88 %), behenic acid (4.27 %), stearic acid (4.17 %) and oleic acid (74.15 %) were the main constituents. Physicalchemical analyzes for moisture, acidity, pH, relative density, peroxide index and refractive index indicated chemical quality of the oil. We performed docking calculation to prioritize low affinity major molecules present in the chemical composition. The docking result of the all compounds showed that highest binding energy type Hydrogen bond, water hydrogen bond and hydrophobic interaction. The fixed oil did not show antibacterial activity alone with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC ≥ 1024 μg/mL) for the analyzed bacterial strains. Synergistic effects were verified in the association of the fixed oil with gentamicin, ofloxacin and penicillin against multiresistant strains, with reductions in MICs.

Dentures are used to restore missing teeth and are traditionally fabricated using the lostwax technique. The flasking process is arduous, time-consuming, error-prone, and requires a skilled technician. The development of 3D printing technology has made rapid prototyping of dentures more feasible. This case report describes the functional rehabilitation of a completely edentulous patient with complete dentures by a manufacturer-independent workflow with conventional clinical steps combined with computer-aided design, computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), and 3D printing technology. The result was 3D-printed complete dentures that were fully adapted, economical, and well-accepted by the patient.

A localização do centro de massa de um conjunto finito de massas pontuais pode ser realizada por meio da minimização de uma função polinomial de grau 2 utilizando o método dos mínimos quadrados. Considerando um conjunto finito de massas pontuais no plano, este artigo explora, em algumas situações particulares, o efeito que mudanças na configuração dos pontos causam tanto no centro de massa da nova configuração, como no valor mínimo da função polinomial associada àquela configuração. Em cada caso, os detalhes matemáticos são apresentados com ilustrações, links interativos do GeoGebra e elementos de cores dinâmicas, que são inseridos para dar ênfase à visualização e ilustrar a relação do centro de massa como o mínimo de uma função de duas variáveis utilizando as curvas de nível combinadas com as escalas de cores. Os resultados englobam a visualização do sistema de partículas com aleatoriedade nas posições e massas das partículas, a análise de alguns casos de deslocamentos do centro de massa e suas funções associadas, bem como a influência das massas sobre os valores mínimos dessas funções. De forma geral, a visualização dos elementos matemáticos, facilitada pela utilização do GeoGebra, ressalta detalhes e aspectos fundamentais dos problemas de forma interativa, permitindo a observação e análise.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the knowledge of dental surgeons concerning the pharmacological effects of bisphosphonates (BP) and their impact on the health of patients undergoing oral surgery treatment. Materials and methods: A quantitative study was conducted with professionals in the Cariri region of Ceará, Brazil. The data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire to interview the dental surgeons who met the inclusion criteria. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fischer's Exact tests using the SPSS program version 22.0. Results: The results indicated that most interviewed subjects have no experience with the dental treatment of individuals under treatment with bisphosphonates. When a sample of the medication was presented, a significant number of the participants (65.3%) did not recognize the drug. Among those who recognized it, 66.5% did not know how to treat bisphosphonate-using patients in the clinical routine. However, 95.1% of the professionals who recognized the need to discontinue these drugs admitted contacting the prescriber to establish the best dental conduct. Our results also showed that recently graduated professionals better understood the need to stop BP use before invasive treatment, although they did not know the protocol. Conclusion: In conclusion, a better knowledge of the pharmacological effects of BP is crucial for conducting adequate anamnesis, requesting additional tests, and performing medical monitoring, which has a significant impact on the clinical practice of dental surgeons.

Beer is considered one of the most consumed beverages worldwide and a potential vehicle for probiotics. However, there are several technical challenges to overcome during the production and storage of beers, as probiotics must remain viable until the moment of consumption. Therefore, this work aims to discuss how the incorporation of probiotics improves or adds value to beer and which variables influence the viability of the process. This is a narrative review of the literature with research in the PubMed, Web of Science, and b-on databases for articles related to the incorporation of probiotics in beer and the variables that influence the process. The results demonstrated that the incorporation of probiotics into beer faces technical challenges such as probiotic selection, pH, the presence of alcohol, and beer’s production and storage temperatures. However, strategies such as immobilizing probiotics in alginate, alginate–silica, and durian husk powder, fermentation with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. boulardii, and co-fermentation with probiotics permit us to overcome these barriers. Thus, incorporating probiotics into beer brings added value, potentially increasing antioxidant activity and phenolic compound content and providing unique flavors and aromas. Nevertheless, strict control of the technical conditions involved is necessary to ensure probiotic viability and the health benefits they confer.

Esse artigo tem como objetivo investigar como o setor industrial do Ceará responde aos choques que ocorrem em importantes variáveis macroeconômicas e examina uma possível relação de equilíbrio de longo prazo entre as variáveis e o produto industrial. Para isto, foi utilizado um conjunto de dados mensais, entre janeiro de 2002 a dezembro de 2019, das variáveis Preços do Petróleo, Taxa de Câmbio, Taxa de Juros e Produção Industrial. A estratégia metodológica se concentrou na análise da relação de equilíbrio de longo prazo entre as variáveis e na estimação de uma função impulso resposta e decomposição da variância, por meio de uma modelagem com Vetores Autoregressivos VAR/VEC. Como resultados, foi possível identificar a existência de uma relação de longo prazo entre o produto industrial e as variáveis do sistema.

Resumo O linfedema é uma doença crônica e progressiva caracterizada pelo acúmulo de fluidos, provocando edema tecidual em decorrência de um sistema linfático comprometido. A ultrassonografia diagnóstica (USD) é um método capaz de avaliar as características dos tecidos moles, podendo ser utilizada de maneira confiável para o diagnóstico do linfedema, além de mensurar a complacência tecidual em um cenário clínico. Esta é uma revisão sistemática, objetivando avaliar artigos que fizessem o uso da USD na abordagem do linfedema secundário ao câncer de mama. Foram selecionados 565 artigos, que foram exportados para o programa de revisão Rayyan QCRI e, em seguida, triados por dois pesquisadores. Dessa busca, foram obtidos 25 artigos selecionados após consenso entre os autores e que foram catalogados quanto aos seus resultados principais. A USD foi identificada como um método vantajoso por ser seguro, pouco invasivo, de baixo custo, sem uso de radiação, além de ser útil para avaliar a eficácia de terapias no tratamento do linfedema.

The industrial sector plays a significant role in global economic growth. However, it also produces polluting effluents that must be treated to prevent environmental damage and ensure the quality of life for future generations is not compromised. Various physical, chemical, and biological methods have been employed to treat industrial effluents. Filamentous fungi, in particular, have garnered attention as effective bioremediation agents due to their ability to produce enzymes capable of degrading recalcitrant compounds, and adsorb different pollutant molecules. The novelty of the work reported herein lies in its comprehensive assessment of the research surrounding the use of white- and brown-rot fungi for removing phenolic compounds from industrial effluents. This study employs a systematic review coupled with scientometric analysis to provide insights into the evolution of this technology over time. It scrutinizes geographical distribution, identifies research gaps and trends, and highlights the most studied fungal species and their applications. A systematic review of 464 publications from 1945 to 2023 assessed the use of these fungi in removing phenolic compounds from industrial effluents. White-rot fungi were predominant (96.3%), notably Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus, Trametes versicolor, and Lentinula edodes. The cultures employing free cells (64.15%) stand out over those using immobilized cells, just like cultures with isolated fungi regarding systems with microbial consortia. Geographically, Italy, Spain, Greece, India, and Brazil emerged as the most prominent countries in publications related to this area during the evaluated period.

In the present work we present a didactic reconstruction of de Broglie’s demonstration of the equivalence between two fundamental physical concepts: action minimization and entropy maximization. The demonstration was first developed in de Broglie’s Thermodynamics of the Isolated Particle (an attempt to develop a causal interpretation of Quantum Theory in the 1960s). In this work, de Broglie argues from a particle in a hypothetical sub-quantum medium, which operates as a kind of hidden thermostat exchanging energy with the particle. In the discussion about the action minimization and entropy maximization, however, there is not any reference to the quantum nature of the system. So, it is a demonstration valid for any system in a thermal bath in some usual thermostat. Louis de Broglie concludes that the “natural” trajectory of a particle is not only the one that minimizes the action of the particle but also maximizes the entropy of the thermostat. Our objective is to reconstruct and restructure de Broglie’s original demonstration in order to rescue an historical debate, that has not been addressed in the literature, and that is of interest to contemporary fields such as non-equilibrium thermodynamics.

Phytanic acid (PA: 3,7,11,15-tetramethylhexadecanoic acid) is an important biometabolite of the chlorophyll-derived diterpenoid phytol. Its biological sources (occurrence) and ADME (absorption, distribution, metabolism, and elimination) profile are well-discussed in the literature. Cumulative literature suggests that PA has beneficial as well as harmful biological roles in humans and other animals. This study aimed to sketch a brief summary of PA’s beneficial and harmful pharmacological effects in test systems on the basis of existing literature reports. Literature findings propose that PA has anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-obesity, anticancer, and oocyte maturation effects. Although a high plasma PA-level mediated SLS remains controversial, it is evident to link it with Refsum’s disease and other peroxisomal enzyme deficiency diseases in humans, including RCDP and LD; ZHDA and Alzheimer’s disease; progressive ataxia and dysarthria; and an increased risk of some lymphomas such as LBL, FL, and NHL. PA exerts toxic effects on different kinds of cells, including neuronal, cardiac, and renal cells, through diverse pathways such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial disturbance, apoptosis, disruption of Na+/K+-ATPase activity, Ca2+ homeostasis, alteration of AChE and MAO activities, etc. PA is considered a cardiac biomarker in humans. In conclusion, PA may be one of the most important biometabolites in humans.

Apresentamos a tradução do francês para o português do artigo “Sobre a determinação da fórmula que representa a ação mútua entre duas porções infinitamente pequenas de condutores voltaicos” de André-Marie Ampère, em homenagem aos 200 anos da sua publicação. Esta memória apresenta um marco das pesquisas sobre a eletrodinâmica.

A minimização da soma dos quadrados das distâncias entre um ponto P e os vértices de um polígono convexo, ponderadas por constantes não negativas é discutida neste artigo. Inicialmente, o processo de minimização é aplicado a triângulos não degenerados e, em seguida, um conjunto de pontos discreto formando um polígono convexo é analisado. Em ambos os casos, os resultados analíticos, utilizando Cálculo Diferencial, são apresentados em detalhe em conjunto com representações gráficas das respectivas soluções por meio do software GeoGebra. Estas, por sua vez, utilizam recursos de cores dinâmicas e possibilitam visualizar e explorar os resultados geométricos e ilustrar os pontos de mínimo.

Um estimador de erro eficiente inclui uma predição muito próxima do erro real, mesmo quando a solução analítica é desconhecida para a maioria dos problemas da Engenharia. A confiabilidade do estimador surge com a existência de limites inferiores e superiores do erro estimado quando viabilizados por implementação computacional. Neste trabalho, através da disponibilização dos valores dos erros residuais e dos erros reais da solução numérica do transporte do contaminante 90Sr em meio poroso saturado.

Influenza is a respiratory disease caused by the influenza virus, which is highly transmissible in humans. This paper presents a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and test-negative designs (TNDs) to assess the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of seasonal influenza vaccines (SIVs) in humans aged 15 to 64 years. An electronic search to identify all relevant studies was performed. The outcome measure of interest was VE on laboratory-confirmed influenza (any strain). Quality assessment was performed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for RCTs and the ROBINS-I tool for TNDs. The search identified a total of 2993 records, but only 123 studies from 73 papers were included in the meta-analysis. Of these studies, 9 were RCTs and 116 were TNDs. The pooled VE was 48% (95% CI: 42–54) for RCTs, 55.4% (95% CI: 43.2–64.9) when there was a match between the vaccine and most prevalent circulating strains and 39.3% (95% CI: 23.5–51.9) otherwise. The TNDs’ adjusted VE was equal to 39.9% (95% CI: 31–48), 45.1 (95% CI: 38.7–50.8) when there was a match and 35.1 (95% CI: 29.0–40.7) otherwise. The match between strains included in the vaccine and strains in circulation is the most important factor in the VE. It increases by more than 25% when there is a match with the most prevalent circulating strains. The laboratorial method for confirmation of influenza is a possible source of bias when estimating VE.

O presente artigo explora três problemas de geometria euclidiana sob o aspecto das funções de duas variáveis e uma representação envolvendo cores dinâmicas por meio do software GeoGebra. Inicialmente, os problemas são evolvem a minimização global de quantidades e estão relacionados ao baricentro G, ao ponto de Fermat-Steiner e ao ponto de Lemoine. Padrões geométricos não aparentes nas fórmulas geométricas são evidenciados de forma interessante por meio dos esquemas de cores dinâmicas. Por fim, a imposição de restrições para a variável geométrica tem como consequência um problema de minimização restrito, o qual é resolvido de forma analítica e numérica. A análise dos resultados mostra uma interessante perspectiva das relações entre geometria e as funções de duas variáveis concatenadas por elementos gráficos discretos que refletem o padrão geométrico escondido nas fórmulas e que se assemelham às curvas de nível de uma função de duas variáveis.

The parasites that inhabit the human integumentary system are called ectoparasites, being responsible for causing ectoparasitárias diseases. These are usually recurring diseases in children and adolescents of school age. In order to determine an initial diagnosis about the problems in our environment, this study developed through the vision of educators (teachers and administrators) of two elementary municipal schools of Murici-AL, and order check, some Myths linked to the basic concepts, as well as the song is worked in the school. For this we used a data collection instrument, represented by a questionnaire to teachers, containing objective questions about various aspects of the various ectoparasitoses. As direct benefits, was handed a pamphlet of educational awareness about the major ectoparasites with basic information about the life cycle, transmission and treatment. It was found that 31% of educators consider the ectoparasitoses as a public health problem, and 97% say be the pediculosis and scabies the bestknown ectoparasitoses. 70, 60 and 50% of educators, respectively, were Larva Migrans Cutanea, Tungiase and Myiasis. With respect to pediculosis, 52% make the diagnosis and communicated to the responsible. As for the myths of pediculosis, 14% think the transmission involves animals; 79% think that the school is not a source of infestation; 86% think the transmission is related exclusively to the socioeconomic factor and 21% agree that the lice jump or fly. We identified the existence of many questions and myths about the thematic work, being imperious need of addressing the topics of health education, as calls for the national curricular parameters (PCNs), so that students to achieve better quality of life and can enjoy a physical, mental and social development healthy for a full educational performance.

Cinco problemas propostos para a Olimpíada Internacional de Matemática (IMO) são discutidos em detalhe. As demonstrações envolvidas nas soluções são complementadas pela disponibilização dos respectivos links das figuras interativas utilizando o GeoGebra. É esperado que o artigo possa ser apreciado tanto por estudantes que se preparam para as fases finais de competições nacionais ou internacionais quanto por professores que atuam no ensino e se interessam por problemas mais desafiadores. A fundamentação teórica é baseada em uma combinação de elementos de trigonometria e geometria tais como Lei dos Senos, Bases Médias e Paralelogramo, Círculo Inscrito, tangentes e áreas e as Desigualdades Triangular, de Cauchy-Schwarz e das Médias Aritmética e Geométrica.

Although they are extensively analysed in the Crónica de 1344, the deeds of Fernando Magno are poorly described in the Livro de Linhagens do Conde D. Pedro, where its conquests in the Beiras are merely enumerated in the final part of a biographical summary about the life of Rodrigo Dias de Vivar, returning to this line of events only in the title dedicated to the Trava-Trastâmara, text where, following the exemple of the relation of the Cid with Sancho II, Rodrigo Froilaz de Trastâmara is presented as a champion of the fidelity of the portuguese aristocracy towards Garcia II, embodying in ancient times the opposition lived between Portugal and Castile in the XIVth century.In effect, this peerage book doesn’t hold the same connection of the Crónica de 1344 towards the tradition passed from the Mocedades de Rodrigo to the famous Cronica de Castilla, that, besides putting Rodrigo Dias in the center of these conquests, turned him into the main agent of power of this monarch. Because of these circumstances, we will revisit the textual tradition developed around these campaigns, link the discourse of D. Pedro to the “cidian” universe and analyse the intervention of the Pereiras in this specific subject of the peerage book, aiming the construction of the character of Rodrigo Froilaz.

In this article, residual indicators were used to characterize the quality of the numerical solution of the advection-diffusion-reaction equation in a saturated porous medium. Both large and small advection regimes were considered. The small advection was exemplified by a problem with constant data, while non-constant data was considered for the large advection regime. In this case, residual quantities associated with the data must be incorporated into the residual estimates related to the spatial approximation and an auxiliary problem must be solved for the correct obtainment of the temporal estimates. The presentation of the residual indicators as a surface on the finite element mesh provides a detailed view of the regions that need refinement, allows to infer the effect of each estimate on the composition of the global estimator and, in addition, allows to follow the evolution of the residual surfaces as the contaminant front advances in the simulation process. In turn, the numerical values of the indicators allow to delimit the elements that will be refined, to compare the magnitude of the contributions among themselves, between different meshes and a better understanding of the composition of the global estimates.

Este artigo visa refletir sobre a educação a partir do pensamento do filósofo alemão Immanuel Kant (1724-1804). O principal objetivo é apresentar o pensamento kantiano sobre a educação em sua relação com a ideia de paz perpétua. Ao realizar tal reflexão, notamos que a educação proposta pelo filósofo exerce papel importante na formação moral dos indivíduos e logo há uma incidência na formação social, contribuindo positivamente no processo da realização de uma ordem mundial cosmopolita e da consequente obtenção de uma paz perpétua.

J. Bertrand costuma ser conhecido por suas contribuições para a mecânica e para a matemática, mas pouco se sabe sobre sua predileção para a eletrodinâmica. Assim, de maneira inédita, apresentamos a contextualização e a tradução comentada, do francês para o português, do artigo “Demonstração dos teoremas relativos às ações eletrodinâmicas”. Nesse artigo, Bertrand deduz catorze teoremas fundamentais da eletrodinâmica. Entre outros pontos, tece considerações a respeito da validade da 3a lei de Newton na eletrodinâmica, deduz a Força de Ampère de apenas dois fatos experimentais – diminuindo o número dos casos de equilíbrio necessários de quatro para dois – obtém o teorema equivalente ao divergente do campo magnético (uma das equações de Maxwell), faz considerações sobre o potencial eletrodinâmico, e deduz a relação entre um dipolo magnético e um circuito fechado plano.

This article examines the influence of macroeconomic factors in the capital structure of subsidiaries of foreign multinational companies (SFM) in Brazil by comparing them with local Brazilian companies (LBC) during the period from 1998–2008. Panel data econometrics was used to analyze the data and test the hypotheses. During this period, exchange rate variation was positively associated with local leverage, which supported the hypothesis of income hedging in the context of foreign currency exposure of the head office. We also found less local leverage for foreign multinational companies when the macroeconomics scenario became more stable. Finally, contrary to the initial hypothesis, differences in financing rates between Brazil and the SFMs’ head office country were positively related to local leverage.

The identification of the right methodology to perform binary classification based on an observed quantitative variable is usually a complex choice. Thus, the use of appropriate accuracy measures is crucial. In fact, the ROC curve reveals a lot of information about the accuracy of the applied methodology for all the possible values of the cut-point. In particular, the integral and partial areas under the ROC curve are widely used. The φ index, in which sensitivity equals specificity, may also be applied. Nevertheless, the accuracy at one specific cut-point may be sufficient to assess the accuracy in some applications. Therefore, different ways to define the optimal cut-point may be applied, such as the maximization of the Youden index, the maximization of the concordance probability or the minimization of the distance to the point with absence of misclassification. To compare the adequacy of these measures, a simulation study was performed under different scenarios. The results highlight the advantages and disadvantages of each procedure and advise the use of the φ index.

Os axiomas da mecânica clássica apresentados na maioria dos livros didáticos são mostrados como o resumo dos princípios básicos das leis de Newton. No entanto, estes não são enunciados como originalmente concebido e essa mudança de palavras adapta os conceitos originais causando uma mistura de ideias. Tendo em vista esse cenário, este trabalho tem a intenção de aprofundar o debate sobre a realidade da força de inércia, buscando o conceito de vis insita que Newton concebeu, e discutir os fenômenos inerciais evidenciados nos experimentos que desenvolvemos.

A pesquisa analisou o impacto de aposentadorias/pensões e programas sociais sobre a frequência escolar e oferta de trabalho dos jovens de 15 a 21 anos de idade. Dos resultados encontrados, verificou-se que em domicílios em que residem aposentados e/ou pensionistas há uma redução na oferta de trabalho e aumento da frequência escolar dos jovens nas áreas urbanas. Concluiu-se que o impacto de programas sociais, tanto na zona urbana, como no meio rural, aumenta as chances de os jovens estudarem e trabalharem, sendo que o efeito médio sobre aqueles jovens “nem-nem” é menor.

Este ensaio é resultado de uma pesquisa de campo realizada como requisito de avaliação final para a disciplina Antropologia Visual e da Imagem, do Curso de PósGraduação em Linguagens e Saberes na Amazônia. O locus desta experiência foi a Comunidade Fazendinha, situada à margem esquerda do rio Caeté, distante 5 km da sede do município de Bragança, nordeste paraense...

Saccharine sorghum is an excellent option for ethanol production under industrial and agronomic perspectives, due to high green matter production and succulent stalks with fermentable sugars. The aim of this work was to evaluate the harvesting season and plants population effect over the ethanol and fodder production from sweet sorghum culture BRS 506. The experiment was installed in November 2012, at (CDTCA/UFLA), located in Lavras (MG). The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with 3 repetitions, factorial scheme 4 x 4 (4 populations: 70, 100, 130 and 160 thousand plants ha-1 ; 4 harvesting seasons: flowering (0 days after flowering (DAF), 10 DAF, 20 DAF and physiological maturity at 40 DAF). The variables evaluated at harvesting: green matter weight (GM), dry matter weight (DM), juice volume (JV), total soluble solids (ºbrix), total reducing sugars (TRS) and brix tonnes per hectare (TBH). The populations increase provided the highest JV and it has not affected other variables. The characteristics were influenced by the harvesting seasons. The harvesting season at 40 DAF provided the highest ºbrix. The ºbrix and the TRS showed linear growth with an increase after flowering for plants harvesting. The highest productivities (GM, DM, JV and TBH) were obtained close to 17, 22, 17 and 14 DAF, respectively, favoring higher fodder and ethanol production in these stages.

Pooling individual samples for batch testing is a common procedure for reducing costs. The recent use of multidimensional array algorithms, due to the emergence of robotic pooling, is an innovative way of pooling. We show that the two-dimensional arraybased group tests can provide accurate estimates for the prevalence rate even for situations in which the traditional estimators, applied to one-dimensional arrays, are not valid. Hence, a computational script was developed to determine which prevalence rate estimate minimizes the sum of the squared deviations between the number of observed and expected rows and columns whose pooled sample had a positive test result.

RESUMO O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a desigualdade educacional da Região Nordeste com base nos dados do Censo Demográfico de 2010. Para este fim, foi calculado o Índice de Gini Educacional (IGE) para a parcela da população economicamente ativa com 15 anos ou mais de idade, residentes nos 1793 municípios nordestinos. Foram empregadas as técnicas de Análise Exploratória de Dados Espaciais (AEDE) e Análise de Regressão Espacial para detectar a importância de algumas variáveis relacionadas ao contexto das famílias, do sistema educacional e da economia dos municípios sobre o Índice de Gini Educacional. Verificou-se que o estado da Bahia apresentou a menor desigualdade educacional no Nordeste, com IGE de 0,394, enquanto o maior índice de desigualdade foi detectado no estado de Alagoas (0,467). Quanto à analise espacial, foi detectada dependência espacial no tocante à desigualdade educacional entre os municípios e seus vizinhos. Constatou-se também que a renda per capita, a frequência escolar líquida, a presença de IES e o PIB per capita municipal contribuem na redução da desigualdade, e que o baixo impacto de variáveis relacionadas ao sistema educacional pode ser atribuído ao seu efeito no longo prazo e, portanto, ressalta-se a importância do investimento e as políticas públicas educacionais, que só terão reflexo na redução da desigualdade educacional dos municípios no futuro.

Environmental conditions consented to Brazil, since the major producer of tropical fruits. This article verifies the transmission melon prices, with Brazil, US market and the European Union from 2003 to 2013. Using time series data, the relationship between the prices was analyzed by estimates from a vector autoregression model (VAR) and the Granger causality test respectively. The results shows that the domestic prices are not influenced from others and influence the EU market, exerting more and more impact on the fluctuations of the international market affecting production expectations and marketing of producers.

Resumo O romance moderno emerge na passagem do século XVII para o XVIII, tornando-se nesse último um gênero literário que cai no gosto dos leitores. Esse texto pretende analisar as relações entre a prosa ficcional, o romance e seu aspecto realista, e a narrativa histórica feitas nesse período; bem como a manifestação dessas relações no romance pedagógico As Aventuras de Telêmaco de Fénelon, um dos romances mais lidos durante todo o século XVIII. Pretende-se também analisar a idéia de história presente neste romance e o seu diálogo com as concepções de história no Antigo Regime. Palavras-chave: romance; escrita histórica; idéia de história. HISTORY AND ROMANCE: THE CONCEPT OF “HISTORY” IN “AS AVENTURAS DE TELÊMACO” AND THYE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE HISTORICAL TEXT AND THE FICTIONAL PROSE BETWEEN THE XVII AND THE XVIII CENTURIES Abstract The novel rises in the passage of 17th to 18th century, becoming a literary genre that captivates readers from 18th century on. This article intends to analyse the relationships beteween fictional prose, novel and its realistic side, and historic narrative written at that time. It is as well intended to analyse the manifestation of these relationships in the pedagogical novel As Aventuras de Telêmaco by Fénelon, which is one of the novels most read throughout the 18th century. At last, the following paper plans to enquiry the idea of history existing in this novel and its dialogue with the conceptions of history at the Ancien Régime. Keywords: novel; historical writing; idea of history. HISTORIA Y NOVELA: LA IDEA DE HISTORIA EN LAS AVENTURAS DE TELÉMACO Y LAS RELACIONES ENTRE EL TEXTO HISTÓRICO Y LA PROSA DE FICCIÓN EN EL PASAJE DE LOS SIGLOS XVII-XVIII Resumen La novela moderna emerge en el pasaje del siglo XVII para el XVIII, tornándose en ese último un género literario que cae en el gusto de los lectores. Ese texto pretende analizar las relaciones entre la prosa de ficción, la novela y su aspecto realista, y la narrativa histórica hechas en ese período; bien como la manifestación de esas relaciones en la novela pedagógica Las Aventuras de Telémaco de Fénelon, una de las novelas más leídas durante todo el siglo XVIII. Se pretende también analizar la idea de historia presente en esta novela y su diálogo con las concepciones de historia en el Antiguo Régimen. Palabras-clave: novela; escritura histórica; idea de historia.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the transmittance of seven different composite resins. Ten specimens were prepared (10 mm diameter, 2 mm thickness) for each experimental group, as follows: G1- Charisma® A2 (Heraeus-Kulzer); G2- FiltekTM Supreme A2E (3M/ESPE); G3- FiltekTM Supreme A2B (3M/ESPE); G4-FiltekTM Supreme YT (3M/ESPE); G5- Esthet-X® A2 (Dentsply); G6- Esthet-X® YE (Dentsply); G7- Durafill® A2 (Heraeus-Kulzer) and G8- FiltekTM Z-100 A2 (3M/ESPE). The transmittance mode was measured using a UV-visible spectrophotometer (Cary Instruments) at 400-760 nm. The specimens were evaluated at three different times: zero hour (initial), 24 hours and 10 days after immersion in artificial saliva. The differences in transmittance were determined by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test. The various composite resins showed significant differences in the wavelength dependence of transmittance. The mean values of transmittance increased significantly, with wavelengths increasing from 400 to 760 nm. The performance of the experimental groups was similar in terms of immersion time, considering that at time zero and after 10 days, all the groups showed similar results, which were statistically higher than the values obtained after 24 hours of immersion. The FiltekTM Supreme YT composite resin presented the highest mean transmittance values along the wavelengths at the three measured times. Esthet-X® YE and Durafill® yielded similar mean transmittance values, which were higher than those of the other groups. This study shows that the transmittance values of composite resins are directly related with the type, size and amount of inorganic filler particles.

If the buildings designed in Portugal by and for the state during the long rule of dictatorship are, still today, a challenging, often uncomfortable subject of enquiry – concealed by various layers of interpretation that render them virtually invisible despite their ubiquity –, the furniture that equipped those buildings is even more so. These were objects designed for everyday use, in which technological possibilities and material sturdiness were fundamental concerns, and their designers were frequently little-known architects working within the civil service sphere; better-known names, in turn, are seldom credited with having created the pieces that furnished their own buildings. Yet state-commissioned furniture design can also speak of other aspects of this apparently ordinary, largely invisible side of many architects’ everyday work in government offices. In this brief visual essay, snapshots of a long-term research project recently concluded at the School of Architecture, University of Lisbon prompt us to identify designers and commissioning agencies, locate them within their context(s) of production and discuss significant episodes where diverse aesthetical and ideological stances are followed, each with its own rhetoric: the rift between a generally conservative tutelage and some officials’ drive to keep up with international developments, for example, can be read in these inconspicuous objects and practices of the everyday. Our research, its outputs and initiatives (publications, exhibitions) have illuminated a facet of Portuguese design history that had previously been neglected, and brought in fresh arguments in support of the importance of quotidian artefacts for our understanding of built environment production.

Vários modelos computacionais que implementam o transporte de soluto em meio poroso saturado surgem constantemente em publicações científicas devido à importância na compreensão e previsão do transporte de constituintes dissolvidos em água subterrânea. As soluções numéricas obtidas por esquemas computacionais não estão imunes aos erros de discretização. No entanto, a confiabilidade nos resultados obtidos das complexas operações provenientes da dinâmica de fluidos computacional pode ser aumentada através de estimadores de erro a posteriori que indicam a precisão da solução numérica de um modelo matemático para simular o fenômeno físico de interesse. Neste trabalho é avaliado um estimador residual para a equação parabólica que descreve os fenômenos de advecção-dispersão-reação (ADR) em meio poroso saturado, considerando o transporte em regime de pequena advecção. Para a solução numérica da equação ADR é implementada um código computacional, em linguagem PYTHON, utilizando a discretização espaço-temporal que emprega o esquema -estável. Em situações de aquíferos isotrópicos e homogêneos, a boa concordância entre a solução numérica e a solução analítica disponível na literatura, é identificada também pelo estimador de erro residual.

Objectives. To provide a better understanding of the distribution of inguinal nodes in order to prevent the complications of unnecessary and extended dissections in penile cancer. Methods. The bilateral inguinal regions of 19 male cadavers were dissected. Nodal distribution was noted and quantified based on anatomical location. The superficial nodes were subdivided into quarters as follows: superomedial, superolateral, inferomedial, and inferolateral. Statistical analysis was performed comparing node distribution between quarters using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the unpaired T-test was used between superficial and deep nodes. Results. Superficial nodes were found in all inguinal regions studied (mean = 13.60), and their distribution was more prominent in the superomedial quarter (mean = 3.94) and less in the inferolateral quarter (mean = 2.73). There was statistical significance between quarters when comparing the upper group with the lower one (P=0.02). Nodes were widely distributed in the superficial region compared with deep lymph nodes (mean = 13.60 versus 1.71, P

Optimal design theory deals with the choice of the allocation of the observations to accomplish the estimation of some linear combination of the coefficients in a regression model in an optimal way. Canonical moments provide an elegant framework to the theory of optimal designs. An optimal design for polynomial regression of a given degree r can be fatally inappropriate in case the polynomial degree should in fact be s, and hence when r is unknown it would be preferable to consider designs that show good performance for different values of the polynomial degree. Anderson’s (1962) pathbreaking solution of this multidecision problem has originated many developments, as optimal discriminant designs and optimal robust designs. But once again a design devised for a specific task can be grossly inefficient for a slightly different purpose. We introduce mixed designs; tables for regression of degrees r= 2,3,4 exhibiting the loss of efficiency when the optimal mixed design is used instead of the optimal discriminant or of the optimal robust design show that the loss of efficiency is at most 1% and 2%, respectively, while the loss of efficiency when using a discriminant design instead of a robust design or vice-versa can be as high as 10%. Using recursive relations we compute pseudo-canonical moments for measures with infinite support, showing that such pseudo-canonical moments do not share the good identifiability properties of canonical moments of measures whose support is a subset of a compact interval of the real line.