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No presente estudo, objetivou-se testar se a melhora da capacidade aeróbia, observada após oito semanas de treinamento, é transferida para a capacidade de sprints repetitivos (CSR). Dez corredores (18 ± 1 ano; estatura de 170,1 ± 8,0 cm; massa corporal de 66,4 ± 6,6 kg) participaram do estudo. A capacidade aeróbia foi considerada como a intensidade correspondente à concentração de 4 mM de lactato (OBLA), determinada durante teste incremental, realizado em pista de atletismo. A capacidade de sprints repetitivos foi avaliada por meio de seis sprints de 35 m, separados por dez segundos de intervalo passivo. Todos os testes foram aplicados antes e após oito semanas de treinamento polarizado. Os efeitos do treinamento foram evidenciados por meio do teste t de Student para amostras dependentes, e as possíveis relações entre as alterações percentuais do OBLA e a CSR foram verificadas pelo teste de correlação de Pearson. Para todas as análises o nível de significância foi de p < 0,05. Após o treinamento, todos os participantes apresentaram aumento significativo da intensidade de OBLA (antes 15,4 ± 0,9 km·h-1; após 17,2 ± 1,6 km·h-1; p = 0,01). Na avaliação da CSR, constatou-se que a velocidade máxima, a velocidade média e o índice de fadiga não foram modificados com o treinamento (p > 0,61). Nenhuma correlação foi observada entre as alterações percentuais da intensidade de OBLA e as alterações das variáveis relacionadas à capacidade de sprints repetitivos (r < – 0,26; p > 0,47). Assim, esses resultados demonstram que a melhora da capacidade aeróbia não é transferida para a CSR, avaliada por meio de seis esforços, separados por dez segundos de intervalo passivo.

Duas avaliações de parâmetros utilizados para investigar as variações de performance ao longo de período de observação, sendo uma durante um ciclo olímpico e outra de atletas submetidos a estresse ambiental (altitude), na primeira observamos a modalidade de canoagem Slalom com o objetivo de identificar quais os efeitos do treinamento em atletas de elite canoagem, sobre as respostas fisiológicas, psicológicas e suas relações com o desempenho. Para isso, 23 atletas da seleção nacional de canoagem Slalom foram recrutados e foram confeccionados 3 trabalhos. O primeiro investigou os efeitos de seis semanas de treinamento sobre a variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) e suas relações com o desempenho em prova simulada. Foram encontrados efeitos positivos da situação pré e pós treinamento em relação ao desempenho considerando ou não as penalidades durante prova simulada (95,9? 18,1; 93,6? 11,84) p=0,027 e (94,9?16,8; 92,8?13,55) p=0,008 respectivamente. No entanto não foram encontradas alterações nos parâmetros autonômicos, além de não haver relações com o desempenho. O segundo trabalho teve como objetivo de testar o ten x 10s, teste utilizado na prática e verificar as possíveis relações com o desempenho em prova simulada de canoagem Slalom. Os principais achados desse estudo foram a possibilidade de determinar a potência pico (PPico), média e índice de fadiga, além disso as correlações inversas significativas (PPico, PM, velocidade e frequência de remada) entre os parâmetros do teste com o desempenho, no entanto quando as penalidades são consideradas na prova simulada essas correlações diminuem reforçando a necessidade de considerar a multidisciplinaridade da modalidade. O terceiro trabalho investigou parâmetros psicológicos (estado de humor) e suas possíveis relações com o desempenho nas modalidades de canoa e caiaque. Os resultados demonstram que não houve diferença significativa entre as modalidades e que o vigor é o parâmetro que apresenta maioresvalores, além de ser o único que mostrou relação significativa com o desempenho na modalidade canoagem. Com base nos resultados apresentados é possível concluir que o período de treinamento foi efetivo para melhorar o desempenho dos atletas investigados, que em um período de seis semanas de treinamento a VFC não sofreu alterações significativas, no entanto apresenta-se como uma ferramenta interessante de avaliação, além disso o teste ten x 10s utilizado na prática mostrou ser uma ferramenta de avaliação e também foi capaz de predizer desempenho. Os resultados também reforçam a necessidade de maiores investigações na modalidade e também que o sucesso no desempenho é dependente de muitos fatores, como por exemplo fatores psicológicos. Os atletas submetidos a estresse ambiental foram de nacionalidade dinamarquesa os quais foram submetidos a exposição a altitude além de suplementação de eritropoietina, os mesmos foram avaliados durante 24 semanas e teve como principal objetivo identificar possíveis alterações bioquímicas e de performance ao longo desse período. Os resultados apresentados estão em processo de análise juntamente com a Universidade de Copenhague, porém os resultados preliminares apresentados na presente tese demonstram que a altitude causou mudanças positivas no VO2máx assim como na PCO2. Embora outras variáveis não tenham sido modificadas significativamente, ainda é necessário analisar o efeito da eritropoietina humana recombinante (rHuEPO) em indivíduos suplementados e placebos. Em relação a performance observamos mudanças significativas na 30m e 5000m de corrida após o período de exposição a hipóxia, enquanto que a performance nos 400m não foi alterada. É possível afirmar que a altitude associada ao treinamento influencia positivamente a performance de curta e longa distância Two perspectives of parameters used to investigate the variations of performance during the period of observation, being during Olympic cycle and another athletes submitted the Ambiental stress (altitude) , in the first we observed the modality of canoeing Slalom with the objective of identifying which effects of the training in elite athletes canoeing during cycle Olympic, on the physiological and psychological responses and their relations with performance. To this end, 23 athletes from the national Slalom kayak team were recruited and 3 workouts were made. The first investigated the effects of six weeks of training on heart rate variability (HRV) and its relationship to simulated test performance. Positive effects of the pre and post training situation were found in relation to the performance, considering or not the penalties during simulated test (95.9 ± 18.1, 93.6 ± 11.84) p = 0.027 and (94.9 ± 16, 8; 92.8; 13.55) p = 0.008, respectively. However, no changes were found in the autonomic parameters and there were no relations with the performance. The second studies had as objective to test the = ten x 10s, test used in practice and to verify the possible relations with the performance in simulated trial of Slalom canoeing. The main findings of this study were the possibility of determining the peak power (PP), mean and fatigue index, in addition the significant inverse correlations (PP, PM, velocity and routing frequency) between the test parameters with the performance, however when penalties are considered in the simulated test these correlations decrease, reinforcing the need to consider the multidisciplinary of the modality. The third studies investigated psychological parameters (state of mood) and their possible relations with performance in canoe and kayak modalities. The results showed no significant difference between the modalitiesand also that the vigor is the parameter that presents higher values and only that showed a significant relation with the performance in the canoe. Based on the results presented, it is possible to conclude that the training period was effective in improving the performance, that during a six-week training session the HRV did not significant changes, however it is an interesting evaluation tool, ten x 10s used in practice presented an evaluation tool and also able to predict performance. The results also reinforce the need for further investigations in the modality and also that success in performance is dependent on many factors. In the international perspective, we analyzed athletes from Denmark who underwent altitude exposure in addition to erythropoietin supplementation, who were evaluated for 24 weeks. The objective was to identify possible biochemical and performance changes during this period. The results presented are in the process of being analyzed together with the University of Copenhagen, but the preliminary results presented in this thesis show that altitude caused an increase in the maximum VO2 as well as PO2 and PCO2 while the other variables did not observe significant differences, it is still necessary to analyze the effect of rHuEPO on supplemented individuals and placebos. Regarding performance, we observed significant changes at 30m and 5000m after the period of exposure to hypoxia, while the performance at 400m was not altered. It is possible to affirm that the altitude influences in the performance of short and long distance

Summary Objective Both 400 m peak oxygen consumption (VO2Peak) calculated using the backward extrapolation technique, and mean 400 m speed are used in swimming for training prescription. However, no comparison has been made between these variables observed after a 400 m effort and a free swimming incremental test, when both are performed unimpeded (without snorkel; enhancing its feasibility). Thus, we aimed to determine whether VO2Peak and its speed elicited after an incremental test may be interchangeable with these variables observed after a maximal 400 m effort. Methods Nine swimmers underwent a maximal 400 m effort, and an incremental test consisting of six 200m-stages. After the 400 m effort, and each stage of the incremental test, oxygen consumption was assessed through the backward extrapolation technique. The Student's t-test and Pearson correlation were adopted to analyze the results. Agreement analysis was also performed. Results No significant difference (P = 0.21) was observed between the VO2Peak after the 400 m effort (3.86 ± 0.85 L/min) and the incremental test (4.09 ± 0.93 L/min). A strong correlation was observed between then (r = 0.85; P Conclusion VO2Peak and its relative speed might be used interchangeable with caution. The equation found in our study needs to be confirmed and improved on a larger population but it suggests the possibility for coaches to apply a correction to the mean speed of a 400 m swimming effort for training prescription.

The assessment of aerobic endurance is important for training prescription in soccer, and is usually measured by straight running without the ball on a track or treadmill. Due to the ball control and technical demands during a specific soccer test, the running speeds are likely to be lower compared to a continuous incremental test. The aim of the present study was to compare the heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and speeds corresponding to 2.0 mmol∙L(-1), 3.5 mmol∙L(-1), lactate threshold (Dmax method) and peak lactate determined in the laboratory and in the Hoff circuit soccer-specific test. Sixteen soccer players (16±1 years) underwent two incremental tests (laboratory and Hoff circuit tests). The speeds were significantly higher in the treadmill test than on the Hoff circuit (2.0 mmol∙L(-1): 9.5±1.2 and 8.1±1.0 km∙h(-1); 3.5 mmol∙L(-1): 12.0±1.2 and 10.2±1.1 km∙h(-1); Dmax: 11.4±1.4 and 9.3±0.4 km∙h(-1); peak lactate: 14.9±1.6 and 10.9±0.8 km∙h(-1)). The HR corresponding to 3.5 mmol∙L-1 was significantly higher on the Hoff circuit compared to the laboratory test (187.5±18.0 and 178.2±17.6 bpm, respectively; P

Purpose: To test the reliability and validity of tethered swimming lactate minimum test in young swimmers. Methods: Lactate minimum test was performed twice to test the reliability (experiment 1; n = 13). In addition, the validity was investigated through lactate minimum test relationships with tethered swimming lactate threshold and peak force obtained during graded exercise test (experiment 2; n = 11). Finally, the correlations with mean speeds observed during 200-m (s200m) and 30-minute continuous efforts (s30min) were also analyzed (experiment 3; n = 15). In all experiments, the lactate minimum test began with 3-minute all-out effort to induce lactatemia, followed by an exhaustive graded exercise test. Results: The lactate minimum intensity and mean force during the entire 3-minute all-out effort (MF) showed high reliability (coefficient of variation .93). The lactate minimum intensity was not different compared with lactate threshold (P = .22), presenting high correlations (r = .92) and agreement (95% limits of agreement = ±7.9 N). The mean force during the entire 3-minute all-out effort was similar to peak force obtained during graded exercise test (P = .41), presenting significant correlations (r = .88) and high indices of agreement (95% limits of agreement = ±11.3 N). In addition, lactate minimum test parameters correlated both with mean speeds observed during 200-m (r > .74) and 30-minute continuous efforts (r > .70). Conclusion: Thus, tethered swimming lactate minimum test can be used for training recommendations and to monitor aerobic adaptations in young swimmers.

INTRODUÇÃO: O Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) tem sido considerado um teste válido para avaliação anaeróbia. Entretanto, como a superfície e o calçado podem afetar alguns parâmetros mensurados durante o exercício, isso pode modificar os parâmetros do RAST. OBJETIVO: Comparar as variáveis do RAST mensuradas utilizando chuteiras na grama (RAST CG) e tênis na pista (RAST TP). MÉTODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol (da categoria sub-17) participaram do estudo. Os participantes realizaram dois RAST (intervalo > 24 h). O RAST consistiu em seis corridas máximas de 35m com 10s de intervalo passivo entre cada corrida. O tempo de cada esforço foi registrado para determinação da potência pico (PP), potência média (PM) e índice de fadiga (IF). Após o sexto esforço, amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas para determinação da lactacidemia ([Lac]). RESULTADOS: Durante o RAST TP, a PP (763,1 ± 87,2 W) e PM (621,6 ± 68,1 W) foram significativamente superiores às PP e PM mensuradas em RAST CG (PP = 667,3 ± 67,0 W e PM = 555,9 ± 74,7 W), enquanto que as [Lac] observadas em RAST TP (7,3 ± 1,8 mmol.L-1) foram significativamente inferiores às mensuradas em RAST CG (9,9 ± 3,2 mmol.L-1). No entanto, o IF não foi significativamente diferente (RAST TP = 32,5 ± 8,3%; RAST CG = 34,1 ± 6,6%). Significativas correlações foram observadas entre as PM (r = 0,90) e as [Lac] (r = 0,72). CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que as variáveis do RAST são influenciadas pela superfície e calçado utilizados, com valores superiores observados em RAST TP.INTRODUCTION: Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) has been considered a valid test for anaerobic evaluation. However, since the floor surfaces and footwear can affect some outcomes measured during exercise, this also can modify the RAST outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Was to compare the RAST outcomes measured using soccer cleats on grass (RAST SCG) and using shoes on the track (RAST ST). METHODS: Eight young male soccer players (under-17 category; 16±1 years) participated in the study. The subjects performed two RAST on different days (recovery > 24h). The RAST test consisted of six 35-meter maximal running performance with a 10-second recovery between each run. Running time during each effort was recorded to determine peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI); and blood samples were collected after each test to determine lactatemia ([Lac]). RESULTS: PP (763.1 ± 87.2 W) and MP (621.6 ± 68.1 W) were higher in RAST ST than RAST SCG (PP = 667.3 ± 67.0 W e PM = 555.9 ± 74.7 W), while [Lac] measured during RAST ST (7.3 ± 1.8 mmol.L-1) was lower than the one measured in RAST SCG (9.9 ± 3.2 mmol.L-1). However, the FI did not statistically differ (RAST ST = 32.5 ± 8.3%; RAST SCG = 34.1 ± 6.6%). Significant correlations were observed between MP values (r = 0.90) and [Lac] values (r = 0.72). CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the RAST variables are affected by floor surface and footwear, with higher values being observed during RAST ST condition

The purpose of this investigation was to determine lipid peroxidation markers, physiological stress and muscle damage in elite kayakers in response to a maximum 4-min kayak ergometer test (KE test), and possible correlations with individual 1000m kayaking performances. The sample consisted of twenty-three adult male and nine adult female elite kayakers, with more than three years' experience in international events, who voluntarily took part in this study. The subjects performed a 10-min warm-up, followed by a 2-min passive interval, before starting the test itself, which consisted of a maximum 4-min work paddling on an ergometer; right after the end of the test, an 8 ml blood sample was collected for analysis. 72 hours after the test, all athletes took part in an official race, when then it was possible to check their performance in the on site K1 1000m test (P1000m). The results showed that all lipoproteins and hematological parameters tested presented a significant difference (p≤0.05) after exercise for both genders. In addition, parameters related to muscle damage such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) presented significant differences after stress. Uric acid presented an inverse correlation with the performance (r = -0.76), while CK presented a positive correlation (r = 0.46) with it. Based on these results, it was possible to verify muscle damage and the level of oxidative stress caused by indoor training with specific ergometers for speed kayaking, highlighting the importance of analyzing and getting to know the physiological responses to this type of training, in order to provide information to coaches and optimize athletic performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-30T18:18:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2014-01-01Bitstream added on 2014-10-01T14:03:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 S1517-86922014000100032.pdf: 209455 bytes, checksum: 03f898a0be2ef45a67ead2ee284a8333 (MD5) INTRODUÇÃO:As respostas ao exercício agudo dos biomarcadores, como a fosfatase alcalina (FA) e a creatina quinase (CK) séricas têm sido pouco investigadas em ratos diabéticos.OBJETIVOS:Verificar os efeitos do exercício físico aeróbio agudo sobre as concentrações de CK e FA, bem como, avaliar o estado hídrico em ratos diabéticos experimentais.MATERIAIS E MÉTODOSForam utilizados ratos Wistar machos, adultos jovens, distribuídos em dois grupos: diabéticos (DA) e controles (CA). O diabetes foi induzido por meio da administração de aloxana monoidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Duas semanas após confirmação do diabetes, ambos os grupos foram submetidos a uma sessão aguda de natação por 30 min, com carga aeróbia (4,5 % do peso corporal). Foram avaliados: glicose, hematócrito, CK, FA, albumina e a cinética de lactato durante o exercício por meio de coletas 25 µL de sangue da cauda dos animais, nos minutos 0, 10, 20 e 30 de exercício.RESULTADOS:ANOVA de dois fatores para medidas repetidas e o teste post hoc de Tukey apontaram diminuição significativa dos valores de glicemia após o exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK pós-exercício para o grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematócrito para ambos os grupos após exercício e manutenção da FA após exercício para o grupo DA.CONCLUSÃO:O exercício agudo aeróbio foi eficiente no controle dos níveis glicêmicos de ratos diabéticos. Entretanto, deve ser aplicado com cautela, pois induziu altos valores de CK, sugerindo possíveis lesões teciduais. INTRODUCTION:The responses to acute exercise on biomarkers, such as alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and creatine kinase (CK) serum levels have been little investigated in diabetic rats.OBJECTIVES:To investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on the concentrations of CK and ALP as well as evaluating the hydration status in diabetic rats.MATERIALS AND METHODS:Were used male Wistar rats, young adults, divided into two groups: diabetic (DA) and controls (CA). The diabetes was induced in the rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks after confirmation of diabetes, both groups were subjected to an acute swim session for 30 min, with aerobic load (4.5% body weight). Glucose, hematocrit, CK, ALP, albumin and lactate kinetics during exercise were evaluated by collecting 25µL of blood from the tail of the animals in minutes 0, 10, 20 and 30 of exercise.RESULTS:Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures and post hoc Tukey test showed significant decrease of glycemia after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in CK after exercise for the DA group, significant increase in hematocrit for both groups after exercise and maintenance of ALP after exercise for the DA group.CONCLUSION:The acute aerobic exercise was effective in controlling glucose levels in diabetic rats. However, it should be applied with caution, because it induced high CK values, suggesting possible tissue damage. INTRODUCCIÓN:Las respuestas al ejercicio agudo de los biomarcadores, como la fosfatasa alcalina (FA) y la creatina quinasa (CK) séricas han sido poco investigadas en ratones diabéticos.OBJETIVOS:Verificar los efectos del ejercicio físico aeróbico agudo sobre las concentraciones de CK y FA, bien como evaluar el estado hídrico en ratones diabéticos experimentales.MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS:Fueron utilizados ratones Wistar machos, adultos jóvenes, distribuidos en dos grupos: diabéticos (DA) y controles (CA). La diabetes fue inducida por medio de la administración de aloxana monohidratado Sigma(r) (32 mg/kg de peso corporal). Dos semanas después de la confirmación de la diabetes, ambos grupos fueron sometidos a una sesión aguda de natación por 30 minutos, con carga aeróbica (4,5% del peso corporal). Fueron evaluados: Glucosa, hematocrito, CK, FA, albumina y La cinética de lactato durante el ejercicio por medio de colectas de 25 µL de sangre de la cola de los animales, en los minutos 0, 10, 20 y 30 de ejercicio.RESULTADOS:ANOVA de dos factores para medidas repetidas y el test post hoc de Tukey apuntaron disminución significativa de los valores de glicemia después del ejercicio para el grupo DA, aumento significativo de CK después del ejercicio para el grupo DA, aumento significativo de hematocrito para ambos grupos después del ejercicio y mantenimiento de la FA después del ejercicio para el grupo DA.CONCLUSIÓN:El ejercicio agudo aeróbico fue eficiente en el control de los niveles glicémicos de ratones diabéticos. Entretanto, debe ser aplicado con cautela, pues indujo altos valores de CK, sugiriendo posibles lesiones tisulares. Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho Universidade Estadual de Campinas Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho

Submitted by Guilherme Lemeszenski (guilherme@nead.unesp.br) on 2013-08-22T18:41:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 S1517-86922013000200014.pdf: 161946 bytes, checksum: 9541b59cd8346f4cf9fc2734edd09d7c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-22T18:41:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 S1517-86922013000200014.pdf: 161946 bytes, checksum: 9541b59cd8346f4cf9fc2734edd09d7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-01 Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T19:28:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1517-86922013000200014.pdf: 161946 bytes, checksum: 9541b59cd8346f4cf9fc2734edd09d7c (MD5) S1517-86922013000200014.pdf.txt: 22080 bytes, checksum: 938123d47d71b697de55556bec7158fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-01 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T15:07:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 S1517-86922013000200014.pdf: 161946 bytes, checksum: 9541b59cd8346f4cf9fc2734edd09d7c (MD5) S1517-86922013000200014.pdf.txt: 22080 bytes, checksum: 938123d47d71b697de55556bec7158fb (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T15:07:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 S1517-86922013000200014.pdf: 161946 bytes, checksum: 9541b59cd8346f4cf9fc2734edd09d7c (MD5) S1517-86922013000200014.pdf.txt: 22080 bytes, checksum: 938123d47d71b697de55556bec7158fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-01 INTRODUÇÃO: O Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) tem sido considerado um teste válido para avaliação anaeróbia. Entretanto, como a superfície e o calçado podem afetar alguns parâmetros mensurados durante o exercício, isso pode modificar os parâmetros do RAST. OBJETIVO: Comparar as variáveis do RAST mensuradas utilizando chuteiras na grama (RAST CG) e tênis na pista (RAST TP). MÉTODOS: Oito jogadores de futebol (da categoria sub-17) participaram do estudo. Os participantes realizaram dois RAST (intervalo > 24 h). O RAST consistiu em seis corridas máximas de 35m com 10s de intervalo passivo entre cada corrida. O tempo de cada esforço foi registrado para determinação da potência pico (PP), potência média (PM) e índice de fadiga (IF). Após o sexto esforço, amostras sanguíneas foram coletadas para determinação da lactacidemia ([Lac]). RESULTADOS: Durante o RAST TP, a PP (763,1 ± 87,2 W) e PM (621,6 ± 68,1 W) foram significativamente superiores às PP e PM mensuradas em RAST CG (PP = 667,3 ± 67,0 W e PM = 555,9 ± 74,7 W), enquanto que as [Lac] observadas em RAST TP (7,3 ± 1,8 mmol.L-1) foram significativamente inferiores às mensuradas em RAST CG (9,9 ± 3,2 mmol.L-1). No entanto, o IF não foi significativamente diferente (RAST TP = 32,5 ± 8,3%; RAST CG = 34,1 ± 6,6%). Significativas correlações foram observadas entre as PM (r = 0,90) e as [Lac] (r = 0,72). CONCLUSÃO: Podemos concluir que as variáveis do RAST são influenciadas pela superfície e calçado utilizados, com valores superiores observados em RAST TP. INTRODUCTION: Running Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) has been considered a valid test for anaerobic evaluation. However, since the floor surfaces and footwear can affect some outcomes measured during exercise, this also can modify the RAST outcomes. OBJECTIVE: Was to compare the RAST outcomes measured using soccer cleats on grass (RAST SCG) and using shoes on the track (RAST ST). METHODS: Eight young male soccer players (under-17 category; 16±1 years) participated in the study. The subjects performed two RAST on different days (recovery > 24h). The RAST test consisted of six 35-meter maximal running performance with a 10-second recovery between each run. Running time during each effort was recorded to determine peak power (PP), mean power (MP) and fatigue index (FI); and blood samples were collected after each test to determine lactatemia ([Lac]). RESULTS: PP (763.1 ± 87.2 W) and MP (621.6 ± 68.1 W) were higher in RAST ST than RAST SCG (PP = 667.3 ± 67.0 W e PM = 555.9 ± 74.7 W), while [Lac] measured during RAST ST (7.3 ± 1.8 mmol.L-1) was lower than the one measured in RAST SCG (9.9 ± 3.2 mmol.L-1). However, the FI did not statistically differ (RAST ST = 32.5 ± 8.3%; RAST SCG = 34.1 ± 6.6%). Significant correlations were observed between MP values (r = 0.90) and [Lac] values (r = 0.72). CONCLUSION: We can conclude that the RAST variables are affected by floor surface and footwear, with higher values being observed during RAST ST condition Universidade Estadual Paulista Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade Estadual Paulista Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa Laboratório de Avaliação Física Saúde e Esportes Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa USP Escola de Educação Física e Esporte de Ribeirão Preto Universidade Estadual Paulista Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício Universidade Estadual Paulista

Summary Purpose The aim of this study was to verify whether there is an association between anaerobic running capacity (ARC) values, estimated from two-parameter models, and maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) in army runners. Methods Eleven, trained, middle distance runners who are members of the armed forces were recruited for the study (20 ± 1 years). They performed a critical velocity test (CV) for ARC estimation using three mathematical models and an MAOD test, both tests were applied on a motorized treadmill. Results The MAOD was 61.6 ± 5.2 mL/kg (4.1 ± 0.3 L). The ARC values were 240.4 ± 18.6 m from the linear velocity–inverse time model, 254.0 ± 13.0 m from the linear distance–time model, and 275.2 ± 9.1 m from the hyperbolic time–velocity relationship (nonlinear 2-parameter model), whereas critical velocity values were 3.91 ± 0.07 m/s, 3.86 ± 0.08 m/s and 3.80 ± 0.09 m/s, respectively. There were differences (P Conclusion In conclusion, estimated ARC did not correlate with MAOD, and should not be considered as an anaerobic measure of capacity for treadmill running.

Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-28T14:08:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 WOS000302801200001.pdf: 284863 bytes, checksum: da92b6749c73c5e1b6a98127370db308 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2013-09-30T18:09:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000302801200001.pdf: 284863 bytes, checksum: da92b6749c73c5e1b6a98127370db308 (MD5) WOS000302801200001.pdf.txt: 35079 bytes, checksum: 833c9d273f87874e9c506d1c1f8625e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-26 Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues (vitorsrodrigues@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2014-05-20T13:58:21Z No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000302801200001.pdf: 284863 bytes, checksum: da92b6749c73c5e1b6a98127370db308 (MD5) WOS000302801200001.pdf.txt: 35079 bytes, checksum: 833c9d273f87874e9c506d1c1f8625e7 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-20T13:58:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 WOS000302801200001.pdf: 284863 bytes, checksum: da92b6749c73c5e1b6a98127370db308 (MD5) WOS000302801200001.pdf.txt: 35079 bytes, checksum: 833c9d273f87874e9c506d1c1f8625e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-03-26 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Background: The influence of feed restriction and different diet's caloric value on the aerobic and anaerobic capacity is unclear in the literature. Thus, the objectives of this study were to determine the possible influences of two diets with different caloric values and the influence of feed restriction on the aerobic (anaerobic threshold: AT) and anaerobic (time to exhaustion: Tlim) variables measured by a lactate minimum test (LM) in rats.Methods: We used 40 adult Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups: ad libitum commercial Purina (R) diet (3028.0 Kcal/kg) (ALP), restricted commercial Purina (R) diet (RAP), ad libitum semi-purified AIN-93 diet (3802.7 Kcal/kg) (ALD) and restricted semi-purified AIN-93 diet (RAD). The animals performed LM at the end of the experiment, 48 h before euthanasia. Comparisons between groups were performed by analysis of variance (p < 0,05).Results: At the end of the experiment, the weights of the rats in the groups with the restricted diets were significantly lower than those in the groups with ad libitum diet intakes. In addition, the ALD group had higher amounts of adipose tissue. With respect to energetic substrates, the groups subjected to diet restriction had significantly higher levels of liver and muscle glycogen. There were no differences between the groups with respect to AT; however, the ALD group had lower lactatemia at the AT intensity and higher Tlim than the other groups.Conclusions: We conclude that dietary restriction induces changes in energetic substrates and that ad libitum intake of a semi-purified AIN-93 diet results in an increase in adipose tissue, likely reducing the density of the animals in water and favouring their performance during the swimming exercises. Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Phys Educ, Lab Nutr Metab & Exercise, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Phys Educ, Lab Exercise Physiol LAFE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Phys Educ, Lab Nutr Metab & Exercise, BR-13506900 Rio Claro, SP, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista UNESP, Dept Phys Educ, Lab Exercise Physiol LAFE, Presidente Prudente, SP, Brazil

ResumoObjetivoO presente estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo‐cego e placebo‐controlado, verificou o efeito da ingestão de 3g/dia‐1 β‐hidroxi‐β‐metilbutirato sobre os parâmetros da curva força‐tempo em canoístas de elite.MétodoParticiparam 24 canoístas, homens, de elite, com 21.41±5.35 anos, 173.36±8.27cm e 69.83±10.29kg. Formaram‐se 2 grupos, um suplementado (HMB) e outro placebo (CON), ambos acompanhados por 14 dias e submetidos a teste máximo de 4min (pré e pós) num caiaque ergômetro.ResultadosApontam melhora na eficiência mecânica em consonância com o aumento significativo do impulso gerado (17.23%, p=0.02), da potência média (26.6%, p=0.01), frequência de remada (13.5%, p=0.04), perante teste máximo de 4min em ergômetro.ConclusãoHouve melhora na capacidade de gerar potência, que pode estar associada com a suplementação de β‐hidroxi‐β‐metilbutirato, através da diminuição do catabolismo durante o treinamento; contudo, o mecanismo pelo qual isso pode ocorrer ainda é desconhecido.AbstractObjectiveThis prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, checked the effect of the intake of 3g/day‐1 of β‐Hidroxy‐β‐Methylbutyrato on the parameters of the force‐time curve in elite kayakers.Method24 paddlers, men, elite with 21.41±5.35 years, 173.36±8.27cm and 69.83±10.29kg. Formed two groups, one supplemented (HMB) and another placebo (CON), both followed for 14 days and subjected to maximum test 4min (pre and post) in a kayak ergometer.ResultsPoint improvement in mechanical efficiency in line with the significant increase in the generated pulse (17.23% p=0.02), average power (26.6% p=0.01), stroke frequency (13.5% p=0.04) before maximum test 4min ergometer.ConclusionThere was improvement in the ability to generate power, which may be associated with supplementation of β‐Hidroxy‐β‐Methylbutyrato by reducing catabolism during training, however the mechanism by which this may occur is still unknown.

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T11:03:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2020-08-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Carvalho CD, Kalva-Filho CA, Milioni F, Loures JP, Serrano VS, Silva ASR, Papoti M. Periodized Training in Mice: Comparisons between Constant and Undulating Load Models. JEPonline 2020;23(4):15-24. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of undulating (UL) and constant load (CL) training models applied in Swiss mice. Twenty male mice were divided into 3 groups: (a) Control Group [CON; n=6]; (b) Undulating Group [ULG; n=7]; and (c) Constant Load Group [CLG; n=7]. Both training periods lasted 8 wks, 5 d∙wk-1, as prescribed in accordance with maximal speed reached during the incremental test (MaxS). The ULG trained through sessions classified as Endurance 1 (60 min at 40% MaxS), Endurance 2 (30 min at 60% MaxS), Endurance 3 (4 x 5 min at 100% MaxS), and Anaerobic (10 x 1 min at 120% MaxS). All sessions for CLG consisted of a 60-min duration at 60% of MaxS. Both training models induced positive adaptations until the 4th wk of training. However, these adaptations were not maintained during the last 4 wks, declining MaxS in relation to baseline. The CLG was able to accomplish only 69% of proposed training volume. However, the ULG was able to accomplish 94% of the proposed volume. Comparing the reasons for sessions failure, CLG presented higher number of dropouts related to unsatisfactory running (P-value = 0.008) and exhaustion (P-value = 0.001), while the ULG quit the sessions mainly due to injuries (P-value = 0.003). These results demonstrate that independently of the training model used, positive adaptations were induced up to the 4th-wk of training with high intensity sessions producing the larger amount of dropouts due primarily to injuries. School of Physical Education and Sport of Ribeirão Preto University of São Paulo Physical Education School of Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) Postgraduate Program in Rehabilitation and Functional Performance Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo (USP) Physical Education School of Sciences São Paulo State University (Unesp) FAPESP: FAPESP/n◦2014/19627-6

The aim of this study was to establish the validity of the anaerobic threshold (AT) determined on the soccer-specific Hoff circuit (ATHoff) to predict the maximal lactate steady-state exercise intensity (MLSSHoff) with the ball. Sixteen soccer players (age: 16.0 ± 0.5 years; body mass: 63.7 ± 9.0 kg; and height: 169.4 ± 5.3 cm) were submitted to 5 progressive efforts (7.0–11.0 km·h-1) with ball dribbling. Thereafter, 11 players were submitted to 3 efforts of 30 minutes at 100, 105, and 110% of ATHoff. The ATHoff corresponded to the speed relative to 3.5 mmol·L-1 lactate concentration. The speed relative to 4.0 mmol·L-1 was assumed to be ATHoff4.0, and the ATHoffBI was determined through bisegmented adjustment. For comparisons, Student's t-test, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland and Altman analyses were used. For reproducibility, ICC, typical error, and coefficient of variation were used. No significant difference was found between AT test and retest determined using different methods. A positive correlation was observed between ATHoff and ATHoff4.0. The MLSSHoff (10.6 ± 1.3 km·h-1) was significantly different compared with ATHoff (10.2 ± 1.2 km·h-1) and ATHoffBI (9.5 ± 0.4 km·h-1) but did not show any difference from LAnHoff4.0 (10.7 ± 1.4 km·h-1). The MLSSHoff presented high ICCs with ATHoff and ATHoff4.0 (ICC = 0.94; and ICC = 0.89; p