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The Pleistocene coastal eolianite formations in Portugal have provided an unexpected ichnological record of moderate diversity and circumscribed abundance related with mammals and birds, particularly in SW Alentejo. Several large tracks attributed to bear were recently been found in a small inlet at north of Praia do Cavalo, not far from Longueira (Odemira), at Medo Tojeiro/Almograve Eolianite which is tentatively dated from MIS3-2? (about 30,000 years BP). They are organized in two trackways composed of possibly 10 tracks; tracks are not well preserved since they show different undertrack preservational variants, in coarse-grained sandstones. The strong variation of track length, the wide range of footprint length/width ratio, the sole impression of the claws and the non-recognized impression of the heel are possibly related with an animal walking up a steep dune slope; the speed estimation of 2,4 km/h contributes for this interpretation. Most of these large tracks show five-digit dragging prints and the inward rotation of the foot typical from bears. The digit prints are generally packed together which is a characteristic of brown bears. These are the first tracks tentatively attributed to bears in the Portuguese paleontological record and the first ever recorded in eolianite facies.

The burrowing activity of fiddler crabs inhabiting intertidal flats creates visually distinct patches within these habitats. However, differences in the composition and abundance of shorebirds and their macroinvertebrate prey between areas inhabited or not by crabs are yet to be studied. Here, we compare the macroinvertebrate and shorebird assemblages in low and high crab density areas in the intertidal flats of the Bijagos archipelago, Guinea-Bissau. High crab density areas are associated with lower richness and densities of macroinvertebrates. Shorebird assemblages were also less rich at high crab density areas and the differences in species composition occurred according to prey type preferences. Fiddler crab density was the most important variable explaining macroinvertebrate abundance, after accounting for the effects of fine fraction of sediment and distance to coast. Nonetheless, a controlled experimental setup would be required to attribute differences found to the engineering activity of fiddler crabs rather than other unaccounted habitat features. Our findings suggest that crab patches should be taken into account when assessing the distribution and abundance of macroinvertebrates and shorebirds in intertidal areas. Since low and high crab density areas differ markedly in terms of shorebird carrying capacity, monitoring variations in their extent will be important to interpret past and present population trends.

Well-preserved tracks of the wild boar Sus scrofa are described from the Matalascañas Trampled Surface (MTS) in the upper Pleistocene aeolian basal unit of the El Asperillo Cliff, Huelva (southwestern Spain). These are the first published tracks of suid pigs in the fossil record, here formally described as Suidichnus galani igen. and isp. nov. A revision of valid artiodactyl ichnogenera is provided for comparison. The large size of wild boar found in the Late Pleistocene of Spain contradicts the general trend towards smaller size known for the evolution of the species and the Bergmann's ecogeographical rule for the extant subspecies. In the present case, the remarkable large size that can be reached by these tracks is discussed as an ecomorphological adaptation of wild boars to either resource bonanza, and/or predation pressure during the Last Interglacial. The large S. scrofa scrofa identified in MTS corresponds to some of the earliest evidences known to this subspecies in Iberia.

In his short joint ventures across the world of vertebrate tracks, Richard Bromley recognized the aeolian sands as unsuitable soft substrates for their preservation. Only after his work in the Bale...

The Cabeço da Ladeira paleontological site in central Portugal became known as the “Jurassic Beach”. Formerly an active quarry, the site was protected in order to preserve the large exposures of a Middle Jurassic (early? Bajocian) carbonate tidal flat with an outstanding fossil record. This multidisciplinary paleontological work involving experts from several national and international research and geoconservation institutions was carried out under the umbrella of the Institute for Nature Conservation (ICNF), since this geosite is located within the Serras de Aire e Candeeiros nature park. Cabeço da Ladeira has provided exquisitely preserved body fossils, especially echinoderms, together with the exceptional preservation of their, and other, animal’s behaviors. It is also a hotspot to understand the diversity of bivalves in the Middle Jurassic. Due to the large area of the geosite, the international relevance of the findings, and the risk of weathering and destruction of the fossils, a geoconservation plan has been developed by ICNF with the support of local authorities. After several years of being open to visitors without proper control, the Cabeço da Ladeira paleontological site is now conditioned to organized groups of researchers, schools, and tourists. Some body fossils were collected for studies and included in the national collections of the Geological Museum (Lisbon). Moreover, casts have been made to protect holotypes of trace fossils, also providing ways to replicate this fossil record in temporary exhibitions. A long-term experimental study to conserve the limestone bedding plane exposures and their fossil contents was started in order to develop the best geoconservation strategy with an aim to reduce the damage produced by the increasing tourist demand on natural sites. Cabeço da Ladeira and other geosites in protected areas are key to communicating an evolutionary approach to environmental education, and their geoconservation must be a priority to improve their long-term use as (geo)tourism attractions. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. The work of AB has been supported by the ALAN‐X, PALEOGIANTS, and CAMBIACLIMA projects (University of Genova, Italy). Fieldwork was partially conducted with the financial support of Naturtejo, E.IM.

Temporomandibular disorder (TMD) encompasses a set of disorders involving the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular joint and associated structures. It is a complex biopsychosocial disorder with several triggering, predisposing and perpetuating factors. In the etiology of TMD, oral parafunctions, namely bruxism, play a relevant role. The study of bruxism is complicated by some taxonomic and diagnostic aspects that have prevented achieving an acceptable standardization of diagnosis. The aim of this study was to analyze the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders and bruxism in a Portuguese sample.

Arm discomfort is a common issue in Cross Reality applications involving prolonged mid-air interaction. Solving this problem is difficult because of the lack of tools and guidelines for 3D user interface design. Therefore, we propose a method to make existing ergonomic metrics available to creators during design by estimating the interaction cost at each reachable position in the user's environment. We present XRgonomics, a toolkit to visualize the interaction cost and make it available at runtime, allowing creators to identify UI positions that optimize users' comfort. Two scenarios show how the toolkit can support 3D UI design and dynamic adaptation of UIs based on spatial constraints. We present results from a walkthrough demonstration, which highlight the potential of XRgonomics to make ergonomics metrics accessible during the design and development of 3D UIs. Finally, we discuss how the toolkit may address design goals beyond ergonomics., Proceedings of the 2021 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '21), ISBN:978-1-4503-8096-6

Tracks and trackways of newborns, calves and juveniles attributed to straight-tusked elephants were found in the MIS 5 site (Upper Pleistocene) known as the Matalascañas Trampled Surface (MTS) at Huelva, SW Spain. Evidence of a snapshot of social behaviour, especially parental care, can be determined from the concentration of elephant tracks and trackways, and especially from apparently contemporaneous converging trackways, of small juvenile and larger, presumably young adult female tracks. The size frequency of the tracks enabled us to infer body mass and age distribution of the animals that crossed the MTS. Comparisons of the MTS demographic frequency with the morphology of the fore- and hind limbs of extant and fossil proboscideans shed light into the reproductive ecology of the straight-tusked elephant, Palaeloxodon antiquus. The interdune pond habitat appeared to have been an important water and food resource for matriarchal herds of straight-tusked elephants and likely functioned as a reproductive habitat, with only the rare presence of adult and older males in the MTS. The preservation of this track record in across a paleosol surface, although heavily trampled by different animals, including Neanderthals, over a short time frame, permitted an exceptional view into short-term intraspecific trophic interactions occurring in the Last Interglacial coastal habitat. Therefore, it is hypothesized that Neanderthals visited MTS for hunting or scavenging on weakened or dead elephants, and more likely calves. Research was possible thanks to the Delegaciones territoriales de Huelva, Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible and Consejería de Cultura (Junta de Andalucía), Servicio de Geodiversidad y Bio-diversidad (Dirección General de Medio Natural, Biodiversidad y Espacios Protegidos) and The National Park of Doñana. Thanks to Juan Jose Negro for several photos provided and Ramón López Romero during fieldwork. This work has been supported by the Research Groups RNM-293 and RNM-238, University of Huelva & Junta de Andalucía, and by the Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, (with FEDER and COMPETE 2020 funds) under the project UIDB/MAR/04292/2020 (MARE — Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre). CNC would like to thank the financial support from the Câmara Municipal de Odemira. This work also received institutional support from the Naturtejo, E.I.M. (Naturtejo UNESCO Global Geopark). We would like to thank to all the colleagues who have collaborated in the field campaigns. The authors extend their warm appreciation to the Editorial Board member Matteo Belvedere and the reviewers Lara Sciscio and an anonymous that helped to significantly improve the present paper.

Background & aims As far as we know, no screening questionnaire has been developed and validated for identification of adverse food reactions in Portuguese-speaking adults, as an initial approach towards the investigation of cases of possible food allergy. Thus, the objective of this study was to develop and validate a screening questionnaire of food allergy in adult Portuguese-speaking patients. Methods This was a multicentre, cross-sectional study using a simple random sample of 186 adults between 18 and 82 years old from various parts of the centre of Portugal. Intelligibility of the questionnaire was first assessed in 24 patients with confirmed IgE- or non-IgE-mediated food allergy, and in 24 volunteers without food allergies. The 17-item questionnaire was subsequently applied by phone to 78 food allergic patients (66 IgE-mediated and 12 non-IgE mediated) and to 60 non-food allergic volunteers, with subsequent reassessment (re-test). Face and content validity, intelligibility, construct validity, and test-retest reliability (temporal stability) were analysed. Results Face and content validity allowed item reduction from 30 to 17 items with adequate content validity index >0.78. Construct validity was confirmed in the 66 confirmed IgE-mediated food allergic patients, 12 non-IgE-mediated food allergic patients, and 60 non-allergic patients. Test-Retest Reliability (general temporal stability) of the test had a Spearman correlation coefficient value of 0.845 for the retest. Cohen's Kappa values for the relevant questions were greater than 0.890 for almost all items. No differences were found when sex, age, and volunteers' recruitment origin were analysed. An inverse relationship was found between reliability and retest time interval. Conclusions Due to the quick and easy implementation, confirmation of face, content and construct validity as well as high temporal reproducibility, this screening questionnaire may be a useful study tool for an initial approach to detection of food allergies in adults.

Este artigo delimita-se na hipótese de Le Corbusier (1887-1965) ter constatado Portugal a pretexto do Brasil e, por sua vez, de que tal constatação terá induzido o seu primeiro encontro com terras brasileiras em 1929, vertido em Précisions sur un état présent de l’architecture et de l’urbanisme (1930), também fronteira a jusante ao período temporal em análise. Para o efeito, discrimina-se um conjunto de informações até agora dispersas em fontes disponíveis, que ecoam lastros portugueses ou luso-brasileiros entre a intricada teia de relações parisienses do mestre franco-suíço, incluindo as amizades brasileiras, além do confronto direto com Lisboa na viagem para a América do Sul de 1929. Desta interação, sempre associada a Précisions, resulta plausibilidade para a hipótese, perfazendo um panorama que remata nas sugestões urbanísticas de Le Corbusier para o Brasil, em particular a carioca, bem como no papel que reserva ao Brésil – vieux Portugal no futuro do Brasil, cujas possibilidades interpretativas abrem caminhos para investigação consequente. Ainda que limitado à hipótese, o artigo aproxima-se do ensaio, definido como “ciencia, menos la prueba explícita” por José Ortega y Gasset (1883-1955) e há muito recurso da reflexão histórica, mais argumentativo que comprovativo, na margem da severidade académica e mais aberto na ordenação dedutiva e didática, também passível de inscrever fatos, circunstâncias, episódios e curiosidades indispensáveis à caracterização de um ponto de vista, bem como de um ambiente potenciador do enredo e respetiva legibilidade.

The aeolian Pleistocene deposits recorded in the Rock of Gibraltar (S Iberian Peninsula) present a significant sedimentary thickness that fills the wide sea caves and covers its steep slopes. In Catalan Bay these deposits register the development of cliff-foot and rampant dunes that form a 35° sand ramp, 1 km long and up to 300 m in height formed by moderately to well-sorted sands, slightly carbonated and weakly cemented. This morphosedimentary evidence is associated with MIS 5−2 sea level fluctuations. Its internal structure shows lamination sets of 2–3 m in thickness and planar and trough cross-bedding. In these beds, five morphotypes of mammalian footprints have been recognized in vertical cross sections and convex hyporeliefs. Most of them present a moderate degree of conservation due to the poor cementation of the sands. These icnites are related to the activity of terrestrial mammals, possibly belonging to Homininae, Proboscidea, Artiodactila and Carnivora. The affinity between the footprints and their tracemakers has been established in the basis of their physical parameters, the shape of the footprints, their comparison with similar footprints and the correlation with the fossil fauna of vertebrates described for the Late Pleistocene in Gibraltar. These findings represent the first palaeoichnological record in the aeolian sediments of Gibraltar and indirectly corroborate the occupation of the coastal dune landscape by several terrestrial mammals during the Late Pleistocene. In addition, they help reconstructing the animal behaviour and interaction with the extensive dune systems that developed at the foot of the Rock slopes. The age of the tracks has been established within the MIS 2, during the probable Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition in the climate refuge of Gibraltar., Research supported by the Spanish MICINN-FEDER Project CGL2010-15810/BTE, This study is part of the activities of the Research Group RNM 293 “Geomorfología Ambiental y Recursos Hídricos”, University of Huelva. Comments of two anonymous reviewers have been very useful and constructive. This paper is dedicated to the memory of Dr. Richard Bromley.

This study attempts to find whether rating agencies still have an impact on the stock market after the subprime crisis of 2008. I examine the abnormal returns surrounding the rating changes and outlooks, on the firms present in Standard & Poor’s 500 stock Index. The analysis goes partially along with previous literature. Initial rating opinions (outlooks) have much more impact than credit ratings, being clear a dominance of downside information significance over the upside one. Also in line with previous findings, Moody’s is the rating agency with the biggest impact on the American stock market, followed by Standard and Poor’s, leaving Fitch almost irrelevant. In addition, this study points out that rating agencies do not have such big impact on markets like before the 2008 crises, nonetheless they still influence a part of investors when taking their investment decisions otherwise no reaction would be noticed in the stocks’ abnormal returns. I analyze as well if it is possible to have continuous gains when investing upon credit rating announcements in the medium term and conclude that upon diversification an investing strategy can be used when one successfully predicts the rating change. However for outlooks our analysis is not conclusive. Este estudo tem como objectivo concluir se as agências de rating de crédito ainda têm um impacto significativo sobre o mercado de acções depois da crise do subprime de 2008. Para tal, observo os retornos anormais próximo da data em que se deram as mudanças de ratings e de outlooks nas empresas pertencentes ao Índice de acções Standard and Poor’s 500. A minha análise vai em parte de encontro aos estudos anteriores. As primeiras opiniões publicadas pelas agências de rating (outlooks) têm muito mais impacto nas acções que os ratings por si só. Sendo que existe uma clara permanência e acentuação das opiniões negativas em relação às positivas. Também de acordo com artigos publicados anteriormente, a agência Moody’s é a agência com mais impacto sobre o mercado de acções Americano, seguida pela Standard and Poor’s, sendo a Fitch quase irrelevante. É possível concluir também que estas agências, hoje em dia não têm um impacto tão significativo no Mercado como antes da crise de 2008, contudo ainda influenciam uma parte dos investidores quando estes tomam as suas decisões de investimento. Caso contrário não existiria impacto nos retornos anormais. Analiso, por último também a possibilidade de poderem ser gerados ganhos contínuos ao longo do tempo quando adoptando uma estratégia de investimento que segue os ratings de crédito num médio prazo. Concluindo que com suficiente diversificação e uma antecipação da mudança de rating é possível obter ganhos contínuos durante um certo espaço de tempo. No entanto sobre os outlooks, a análise não é conclusiva.

Por derecho propio, Francisco y Manuel Aires Mateus ocupan hoy un lugar destacado y comparten un merecido protagonismo en el panorama de la arquitectura portuguesa contemporánea. No es para menos, ya que se trata de arquitectos aún jóvenes que, a pesar de tener una edad en la que muchos dan todavía sus primeros pasos en el oficio, ya cuentan con una extensa obra construida o en proceso de construcción. Y, al contrario de lo que sería lícito suponer, esta cantidad ha sido un sinónimo de calidad y experimentación que han ido en aumento, desafiando lo normal y lo corriente y demostrando una renovada ambición disciplinar. No es de extrañar, por lo tanto, el reconocimiento público y los innumerables premios obtenidos en Portugal y en el extranjero, pruebas del indudable interés despertado por su trabajo. lnterés, en particular, por una poética de acción que releva el respectivo desempeño proyectual y las obras consiguientes, razón principal de este protagonismo. De plein droit, Francisco et Manuel Aires Mateus occupent aujourd'hui une place éminente en partageant un protagonisme bien mérité dans le panorama de l'architecture contemporaine portugaise. Il s'agit des architectes encore jeunes (nombreux sont ceux qui à cet âge font encore les premiers pas dans son métier) qui, néanmoins, déjà disposent d'une vaste œuvre construite ou en cours de construction. Et, contrairement à ce qu'on pourrait licitement supposer, quantité ici est un synonyme de qualité et d'expérimentation qui ont augmenté notablement, en défiant le normal et l'ordinaire, et faisant preuve d'une ambition rénovée de sa discipline. Donc, la reconnaissance publique et les innombrables prix obtenus bien en Portugal, bien à l'étranger, preuves de l'indoutable intérêt éveillé par son travail. En particulier, c'est un intérêt pour une poétique d'action qui prend la relève de l'exercice de projet et de la réalisation des œuvres très conséquentes, la principale raison de ce protagonisme.

Considerando os desafios inerentes à atual situação de crise socioeconómica e financeira que se vive no espaço Europeu, com particular impacto em Portugal, as Instituições da Economia Social, designadamente as Santas Casas das Misericórdia, desempenham um papel de extrema importância e relevância na formulação e implementação de respostas sociais. Apesar do principal foco desta tese se centrar no âmbito da fiscalidade, importa reter que as Misericórdias e restantes IPSS no âmbito da economia social, são entidades geradoras de emprego, direto e indireto, contribuindo para uma sociedade mais inclusiva. Pelo que numa época de consolidação orçamental, qualquer impacto fiscal, pode por em causa a sustentabilidade financeira, pelo que se torna uma obrigatoriedade, a poupança fiscal para sobrevivência destas instituições centenárias. As irmandades da Misericórdia ou Santas Casas da Misericórdia são associações constituídas na ordem jurídica canónica com o objetivo de satisfazer carências sociais e de praticar atos de culto católico de harmonia com a sua tradição e de acordo com os preceitos e doutrina católica. As irmandades associam leigos, animados pela mesma fé e unidos pelos mesmos objetivos de testemunharem em colegialidade uma caridade fraternalista, constituindo uma presença e uma força de esperança junto de todos os que precisam. As isenções fiscais que beneficiam as Misericórdias decorrem do estatuto específico das IPSS enquanto organizações de solidariedade social, cujos objetivos prosseguidos são claros; a sua ação desenvolve-se à margem de qualquer finalidade lucrativa; o facto de beneficiarem de um conjunto de benefícios fiscais de natureza fiscal não altera a natureza parapública e de complementaridade à função social do Estado. Recorreu-se à análise da legislação aplicável, da doutrina da Administração Fiscal, bem como, à consulta de artigos e de livros publicados sobre assuntos de fiscalidade, auditoria e outros temas relacionados com o estudo, tendo em vista aferir a importância da gestão e do planeamento fiscal, visando conhecer os requisitos para o exercício dos benefícios fiscais, face á realidade das Misericórdias. Por fim, elaborou-se um programa de trabalho e um questionário de controlo interno para auditoria à área dos benefícios fiscais, que sirva de instrumento para exame da regularidade de aplicação dos benefícios fiscais enunciados.Na vida das Santas Casas da Misericórdia os impostos são uma realidade incontornável e assumem uma preponderância vital. Conviver com essa realidade, no sentido de ter sempre em conta todas as variáveis e contingências nas decisões da gestão da fiscalidade, é uma necessidade para todos os seus decisores e profissionais que lidam com estas matérias, o que implica um conhecimento sério no sentido de não deixarem que as suas Santas Casas se percam no devir legislativo da fiscalidade Considering the challenges of the current situation of socio-economic and financial crisis that we are facing in the European space, with particular impact in Portugal, the institutions of the social economy, in particular the Holy Houses of Mercy, play an extremely important role and relevance in the formulation and implementation of social responses. Although the main focus of this thesis is in tax law, it is important to retain that charitable institutions and other IPSS in the social economy net are one of the main creators of direct and indirect jobs in Portugal, contributing to a more inclusive society. So at a time of fiscal consolidation, any tax impact may jeopardize the financial sustainability of these century old institutions. The brotherhoods of Holy Mercy Houses are constituted associations in canonical law in order to satisfy social needs and practicing Catholic worship acts, in accordance with its traditional spirit and according to the precepts of Catholic doctrine. The brotherhoods associate various people animated by the same faith and united by the same objectives of collegiality for charity purposes, providing a presence and a force of hope among all those in need. Tax exemptions that benefit Holy Mercy Houses arise from the specific status of IPSS as charitable organizations, whose aims are clear; their action is developed outside any lucrative purpose; In spite they benefit from a number of tax benefits that does not alter the nature of these institutions, because they play a role of complementarity to the social function of our state. It was analyze the applicable law, the doctrine of the Tax Administration, as well as, the consultation of articles and books published on issues of taxation, auditing and other topics related to the study in order to gauge the importance of management and tax planning, aiming to meet the requirements for the exercise of the tax benefits, in the reality of Holy Mercy Houses. Finally, it was elaborated a work program and an internal control questionnaire to audit the area of tax benefits, to serve as a tool for examining the validity of applying the stated taxes. In the life of the Holy House of Mercy taxes are an unavoidable reality and are of vital preponderance. Living with this reality, to always take into account all the variables and contingencies management decisions, it is a must goal for all decision-makers and professionals who deal with management and taxes, which implies a serious knowledge of these matters, in order to not to let be overwhelmed by tax legislation

Relatório integrador da atividade profissional para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Tecnologia Alimentar, na Escola Superior Agrária, do Instituto Politécnico de Santarém A informação apresentada neste relatório pretende demonstrar como algumas das competências adquiridas ao longo da formação académica foram aplicadas e desenvolvidas em contexto profissional. São apresentadas as empresas onde a autora colaborou, descrevendo-se as atividades desenvolvidas. A autora obteve em 1993 o grau de Bacharelato em Tecnologia das Indústrias Agro- Alimentares – ramo Tecnologia da Carne, e no ano de 2005 o grau de licenciado em Engenharia Alimentar – Ramo Qualidade Alimentar, na Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém. A autora iniciou a sua atividade profissional em 1993, na área não alimentar, na Alico atualmente denominada MetLife, e na Joh a. Benckiser, atual Reckitt Benckiser entre 1996 e 1997. A partir 1998 começou a desenvolver a sua atividade profissional na área alimentar, na Milupa, como chefe do controlo da qualidade. Desde 2005 até ao presente a autora desenvolve a sua atividade profissional na Toul – Sociedade Portuguesa, Lda, como Gestora da Segurança Alimentar. The information presented in this report seeks to demonstrate how some of the skills acquired throughout the academic training were applied and developed in a professional context. Companies are presented where the author collaborated, describing the activities and responsibilities developed. The author obtained in 1993 the degree of Bachelor in Agro-food Industries Technology – Technology Branch of the “Meat”, and in the year 2005 the Bachelor's degree in Food Engineering-Food Quality Branch, at Escola Superior Agrária de Santarém. The author began his professional activity in 1993, in the non-food area, in Alico currently named MetLife, and at Joh a. Benckiser, Reckitt Benckiser's current between 1996 and 1997. From 1998 began to develop their professional activity in the food area in Milupa, as head of quality control. From 2005 to the present the author develops his professional activity in Toul- Sociedade Portuguesa, Lda, as of Food Safety Manager. info:eu-repo/semantics/draft

(INTRODUÇÂO) A definição desta palavra contém uma clara conotação com o território. A ideia leva-me logo para o solo. Do decurso do trabalho prático de projecto avançado surge a relação com o território, pensar a arquitectura como elemento integrante de um contexto específico. Pensar o solo como elemento construtivo, matéria imediata de resposta à necessidade primordial de resguardo, abrigo. Surgem imagens, conceitos, referências de actos transformadores do lugar...