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It's known that the members of the TP53 family are involved in the regulation of female reproduction. Studies in mice showed that the TP73 gene (member of this family) plays a role in the size of follicular pool, ovulation rate and maintenance of genomic stability. In the present study we analyzed data from 605 patients with ≤ 37 years attending their first intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). The association between the TP73 polymorphism (rs4648551, A>G) and the following parameters related to ovarian reserve, like age, antral follicular count (AFC), anti-Mullerian hormone levels (AMH) and ovarian response prediction index (ORPI) was evaluated. Our results showed an association of the AA genotype with diminished ovarian reserve (AMH

OBJETIVO: avaliar a possibilidade do diagnóstico precoce do sexo fetal no plasma materno pela técnica da reação em cadeia da polimerase em tempo real (PCR em tempo real) a partir da 5ª semana de gestação. MÉTODOS: nesse estudo prospectivo foi coletado sangue periférico de gestantes com feto único a partir da 5ª semana de gestação. Após centrifugação do sangue, 0,4 mL de plasma foi separado para extração de DNA fetal. O DNA foi analisado em duplicata por PCR em tempo real para duas regiões genômicas (uma do cromossomo Y e outra comum a ambos os sexos) pelo método de TaqMan®, o qual utiliza um par de primers e uma sonda fluorescente. Foram excluídos da amostragem os casos que evoluíram para aborto. Para o cálculo da sensibilidade e especificidade, usamos o método de comparação com padrão-ouro, que foi o sexo ao nascimento. RESULTADOS: foram realizados 79 exames de DNA fetal no plasma materno de 52 gestantes. O resultado dos exames foi comparado com o sexo da criança após o parto. O índice de acerto conforme a idade gestacional foi de 92,6% (25 de 27 casos) na 5ª semana, conferindo sensibilidade de 87% e 95,6% (22 de 23 casos) na 6ª semana, com sensibilidade de 92%. A partir da 7ª semana de gestação o acerto foi em 100% (29 de 29 casos). A especificidade foi de 100% independente da idade gestacional. CONCLUSÕES: a técnica de PCR em tempo real para detecção do sexo fetal a partir da 5ª semana no plasma materno possui boa sensibilidade e excelente especificidade. Houve concordância do resultado em 100% dos casos em que o diagnóstico foi masculino, independente da idade gestacional, e no caso de feminino, a partir da 7ª semana de gestação.PURPOSE: to verify the viability of early diagnosis of fetal gender in maternal plasma by the real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) starting at the 5th week of pregnancy. METHODS: peripheral blood was collected from pregnant women with single fetus starting at the 5th week of gestation. After centrifugation, 0.4 mL plasma was separated for fetal DNA extraction. The DNA was analyzed in duplicate by real-time PCR for two genomic regions, one of the Y chromosome and the other common to both sexes, through the TaqMan® method, which uses a pair of primers and a fluorescent probe. Patients who aborted were excluded. RESULTS: a total of 79 determinations of fetal DNA in maternal plasma were performed in 52 pregnant women. The results of the determinations were compared to fetal gender after delivery. Accuracy according to gestational age was 92.6% (25 of 27 cases) at 5 weeks with 87% sensitivity, and 95.6% (22 of 23 cases) at 6 weeks with 92% sensitivity. Starting at the 7th week of pregnancy, accuracy was 100% (29 of 29 cases). Specificity was 100% regardless of gestational age. CONCLUSION: real-time PCR for the detection of fetal gender in maternal plasma starting at the 5th week of gestation has good sensitivity and excellent specificity. There was agreement of the results in 100% of the cases in which male gender was diagnosed, regardless of gestational age, and from the 7th week of gestation for female gender diagnosis.

OBJETIVO: avaliar a incidência e tipos de malformações congênitas maiores (MCM) em crianças concebidas por injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóides (ICSI) e nascidas vivas. MÉTODOS: um total de 680 crianças nasceram vivas de 511 casais submetidos à ICSI no período de janeiro de 1999 a dezembro de 2002. A coleta de dados das crianças foi procedida por meio de questionário padronizado e exame clínico. Dos 511 casais, 366 foram contatados para amostragem de 371 gestações. Das 680 crianças nascidas vivas, 520 foram avaliadas, 250 delas (48,1%) por meio de questionário e 270 (51,9%) por questionário e exame físico. Duzentas e cinqüenta crianças foram de gestação única e 270 de gestação múltipla. Na análise das malformações congênitas foi empregada a 10ª Revisão da Classificação Internacional de Doenças. Nesse estudo foram analisadas apenas as MCM. A incidência de MCM foi comparada à da população geral obtida pelo Estudo Colaborativo Latino-Americano de Malformações Congênitas. A análise estatística foi feita usando o teste do chi2 (nível de significância p0,05), que teve 2,6% de incidência de MCM. As malformações mais freqüentes foram as de origem cardíaca (quatro isoladas e duas associadas), correspondendo a 40% do total. Os outros tipos de MCM foram: renal (três), defeito de fechamento do tubo neural (dois), defeito do crânio (um), lábio leporino (um), genital (um), síndrome de Down (associada à cardiopatia) (dois) e músculo-esquelética (um). Seis MCM ocorreram em crianças provenientes de gestações únicas e nove de gestações múltiplas. CONCLUSÃO: as crianças concebidas por ICSI e nascidas vivas apresentaram incidência de malformações congênitas maiores (2,9%) próximo ao esperado para a população geral (2,6%). Entretanto, para estabelecer com precisão os riscos de MCM é necessária continuidade na avaliação das crianças concebidas por ICSI.PURPOSE: to evaluate the incidence and types of major congenital malformations (MCM) in liveborn children conceived by intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: a total of 680 liveborn children resulted from 511 couples submitted to ICSI from January, 1999 to December, 2002. Data collection of the children was performed through standardized questionnaire and clinical examination. Of the 511 couples, 366 had been contacted for a sampling of 371 gestations. Of the 680 liveborn, 520 had been evaluated, 250 of them (48.1%) through questionnaire and 270 (51.9%) through questionnaire and physical examination. Two hundred and fifty children were from singleton pregnancies and 270 from multiple pregnancies. Malformations were classified according to the 10th revision of the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health. Only MCM were analyzed in this study. The incidence of MCM was compared with that of the general population obtained by the Latin American Collaborative Study of Congenital Malformations. The statistical analysis was performed by the c² test (level of significance p0.05), which showed 2.6% incidence of MCM. The most frequent malformations were of cardiac origin (four isolated and two associated), corresponding to 40% of the total. The other types of MCM were: renal (three), neural tube (two), skull (one), cleft lip (one), genital (one), Down syndrome (associated with cardiac malformations) (two), and musculoskeletal (one). Six MCM occurred in children from singleton pregnancies and nine in children from multiple pregnancies. CONCLUSION: the liveborn children conceived by ICSI presented incidence of major congenital malformations (2.9%) near to the expected for the general population (2.6%). However, to establish the risks of MCM with precision it is necessary to continue the evaluation of the children conceived by ICSI.

OBJETIVO: verificar se existe relação preditiva entre a contagem de folículos antrais (CFA) no segundo dia do ciclo com o padrão de resposta em ciclos de hiperestimulação ovariana controlada para injeção intracitoplasmática de espermatozóide (ICSI). MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo, desenvolvido de maio de 2004 a maio de 2005, no qual 51 pacientes com idade 15 mm no dia do desencadeamento da ovulação, número total e em metáfase II de oócitos captados, número de embriões de boa qualidade transferidos e taxa de gestação. A análise estatística foi realizada pelos testes t de Student e de Mann-Whitney, com significância estatística de 5% (pPURPOSE: to establish whether there is a predictive relationship between the antral follicle count (AFC) on the second day of the cycle and the response pattern in controlled ovarian hyperstimulation cycles for intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). METHODS: a prospective study developed from May 2004 to May 2005, in which 51 patients aged 15 mm on the day of ovulation triggering, the total number of oocytes retrieved and in metaphases II, the number of good quality embryos transferred and pregnancy rate. The statistical analysis was performed by the t-Student test and the Mann-Whitney test, with statistical significance of 5% (p15 mm on the day of ovulation triggering (p=0.0001), the total number of oocytes retrieved (p=0.0001) and those in metaphases II (p=0.0001). Such correlation between AFC and pregnancy was not observed (p=0.43). There was no significant correlation between AFC and the number of good quality embryos transferred (p=0.081). CONCLUSIONS: AFC on the second day of the stimulated cycle can be used to predict the quality of ovarian stimulation, the number of oocytes retrieved and the number of mature oocytes in in vitro fertilization cycles using GnRH antagonist.

A total of 7 cycles of embryo transfer by oocyte donation were performed on 5 patients with premature ovary failure (POF). All donors were under 35 of age and the recipients average age was 38.6 years. For synchronization between donor and recipient a semi programmed menstrual cycle was used by means of oral contraceptive followed by ovarian stimulation of donor with clomiphene citrate and human menopausal gonadotrophin. The recipients were easily adjusted to the donors by a flexible model of gradually increasing doses of estradiol valerianate. The average number of oocytes donated was 3.14 and average embryo cleavage rate was 80.2%. The average number of embryos transferred was 2.57. Embryo implantation rate was 22.2%. Clinical gestations occurred in 57.1% of the cycles. This series is probably the first one in Brazilian literature on oocyte donation as treatment for infertility in patients with premature ovarian failure.