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We describe in detail a method by which to establish the magnetic anisotropy of thin ferromagnetic films on strongly paramagnetic substrates that are slightly anisotropic. The film that we consider is composed of the much studied manganite La[sub 0.7]Ca[sub 0.3]MnO[sub 3] and the substrate is NdGaO[sub 3], a good lattice match. Below a Curie temperature T[sub c] of 260 K it was found, using a vibrating sample magnetometer, that 72±3 nm La[sub 0.7]Ca[sub 0.3]MnO[sub 3] films grown epitaxially by pulsed laser deposition on untwinned orthorhombic NdGaO[sub 3] (001) substrates exhibit uniaxial anisotropy with K=(3.6±0.1)x10[sup 5] erg cm[sup -3]. The easy direction is along [110] of the pseudocubic unit cell, i.e., diagonal to the O-Mn-O bond directions and parallel to the side of the actual unit cell which is orthorhombic. We attribute an 11±4% loss of the low temperature moment to the proximity of the paramagnetic substrate rather than to stress. It is argued that stress is minimal such that the observed anisotropy must be magnetocrystalline. Both the reduction in moment and the anisotropy must be taken into account when designing thin film experiments. © 2001 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a new fuzzy reasoning method based on the compensating fuzzy reasoning (CFR). Its basic idea is to obtain a new fuzzy reasoning result by moving and deforming the consequent fuzzy set on the basis of the moving, deformation, and moving-deformation operations between the antecedent fuzzy set and observation information. Experimental results on real-world data sets show that proposed method significantly improve the accuracy and time performance of fuzzy neural network learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MgB[sub 2] thin films were cold grown on sapphire substrates by pulsed laser deposition followed by postannealing in mixed, reducing gas, Mg rich, Zr gettered, environments (pO[sub 2] ∼ 10[sup -24] atm) at 750 and 950 °C. The films had T[sub c] in the range 29–34 K, J[sub c] (20 K, H = 0) in the range 3 × 10[sup 4] − 3 × 10[sup 5] A cm[sub -2], and irreversibility fields H* at 20 K of 4–6.2 T. An inverse correlation was found between T[sub c] and H*. The films had grain sizes of ∼0.1–1 µm and a strong biaxial alignment was observed in the 950 °C annealed film. (111) oriented MgO was also observed. Mg coating of films during crystallization appeared to improve film T[sub c]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents corrections to the mistakes in the publication of a paper about the microwave resistance of magnesium bromide in the previous issue of the periodical 'Applied Physics Letters,'.

The 'deprivation effect' (DE) phenomenon is expressed as an increase in the level of free choice consumption of drugs, alcohol, or saccharin following a period of forced abstinence in humans and in several species of laboratory animals. The DE may reflect relapse-like drinking and be relevant for modeling addictive behaviors. In humans, drug or alcohol abstinence is commonly associated with the increased physical and sexual abuse. The present study aimed to study whether aggressive and sexual behaviors are affected by the conditions known to result in the DE. Adult male Wistar rats had unlimited free choice access to water and saccharin-containing solution (0.1%, w/v). After the preference for saccharin was established, animals underwent repeated 7-day-long episodes of saccharin deprivation. It was found that (i) aggressive and sexual behaviors were facilitated after 7 days of saccharin deprivation, and (ii) DE was significantly reduced in animals that were allowed to interact with the nonaggressive male or receptive female conspecifics during the last day of deprivation exposure. These results suggest that the saccharin deprivation exposures may facilitate aggressive and sexual behaviors. Alternative behavioral strategy may serve as a mechanism of coping with the deprivation state.