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Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP1) plays a key role in genome stability by modulating DNA-damage responses. Activated by DNA interruptions through ultraviolet (UV) exposure, PARylation is synthesized by PARP1 and serves as a survival mechanism for cancer and metabolic diseases. Several strategies including ROS and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) function in host defenses, while the targeted tissue and mechanism under DNA damage are unknown. Here, we show that DNA damage induces responses specifically in the gut tissue. The knockdown of PARP1 reduces the activation of PARylation. Parp1 knockdown under DNA damage results in over-accumulated ROS and secretion of AMPs through the regulation of Relish, a subunit of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Double-knockdown of Parp1 and Relish specifically in the gut inhibits AMP secretion. In conclusion, the host defense is achieved through ROS accumulation rather than the AMPs under DNA damage. In contrast, the knockdown of PARP1 exacerbates ROS accumulation to a harmful level. Under this circumstance, NF-κb targeted AMP secretion is provoked for host defense. Microbiome and functional analysis provide evidence for the hazard of DNA damage and show variations in the metabolic pathways following Parp1 inhibition. Our findings suggest the notion that PARP1 inhibition contributes to ROS accumulation under DNA damage and its role in NF-κb activation for host defense.

The ecological analysis of 31 algae and cyanobacteria indicators assessed the water quality of the Changchun drinking water Xinlicheng Reservoir by using bio-indication methods. The water was fresh, low alkaline, low-saline, middle oxygenated, with reached nutrients and organic pollution and mesotrophic to eutrophic. Statistics reveal significant variables that impacted algal diversity were nutrients, water quality was low to the middle polluted Class II-III. The indices of saprobity and WESI show the high self-purification capacity and low-toxicity impact. We revealed potential threatening species of cyanobacteria. The improving water quality from 2007 up to now has been revealed.

With the increasing demand for lithium resources, it is of great significance to develop a new technology for the selective recovery of lithium from complex systems. In the present work, antifouling lithium-imprinted hybrid membranes (LIHMs) were fabricated through a hydrolysis polymerization method using a PVDF/GO hybrid membrane as a basement membrane, and polydopamine as an adhesion layer to anchor imprinted sites. The antifouling experiments demonstrated that LIHMs had the underwater oil contact angle of 152 ± 0.8°. Furthermore, the adsorption isotherms, permeation and adsorption kinetics of the LIHMs were researched in detail. The results displayed that LIHMs showed a distinctive adsorption capacity (27.10 mg g−1) and permselectivity (βK/Li = 5.3780, βCa/Li = 21.9402, βMg/Li = 15.5620) for lithium. Also, the regeneration experiments confirmed the good durability of LIHMs, favoring long-term use. Therefore, the LIHMs provided a powerful tool for the effective separation and recovery of lithium in practical applications.

Single-phase 2Gd2O3·(Gd,Tb)2(SO4)3·nH2O precursor with strong crystallinity was synthesized by the water-bath method through optimizing the introducing method of Tb3+ doping, where Tb3+ was introduced from Tb(NO3)3. The formation process and phase evolution of the precursor were analyzed in detail. Compared with the conventional method of introducing Tb3+ via Tb4O7, the inhomogeneous doping caused by the appearance of 2Tb2O3·(Gd,Tb)2(SO4)3·nH2O in the precursor was avoided. Pure Gd2O2S:Tb nanopowders with layered structure were obtained after calcination in flowing H2-Ar. The Gd2O2S:Tb powder prepared with Tb(NO3)3 has higher XEL intensity than that with Tb4O7. Using the synthesized powders as starting material, Gd2O2S:Tb scintillation ceramics with high relative density (over 99% of the theoretical value) were fabricated by vacuum pre-sintering and HIP post-treatment in an argon atmosphere. The influences of the introducing method of Tb3+ doping on the microstructure, photoluminescence and X-ray excited luminescence of the Gd2O2S:Tb ceramics were studied. The ceramic sample prepared with Tb(NO3)3 has better luminescence properties due to the homogeneous doping in the ceramics. Temperature-dependent XEL measurements imply that the green emission of the ceramic sample is always dominant with the increase of temperature from 77 K to 340 K, attributed to the cross-relaxation between 5D3 and 5D4 levels of Tb3+.

Ecological analysis of 77 phytoplankton species preferences in the Songhua River upper reaches was doing in purpose to assess the river water quality dynamic with using of bio-indication methods implemented in first time for China. Results show that studied part of the river can be divided into two different parts — upper stations between Fullness Dam above Jilin settlement and below Jilin up to Zhenjiang port. Algal community structure and species richness are dramatically change with increasing number of species and productivity of community. The water chemistry show increasing of total suspending solids after the Jilin accompanied input of phosphates and nitrates where agriculture doing impact of the river water quality. Bio-indication characterized the river upper reaches as inhabit by rich phytoplankton community prefer photosynthetic type of nutrition on the upper stations and enriched by facultative heterotrophic taxa in the lower stations, and water as low-alkaline, low-saline, middle oxygenated, with increasing of nutrients and organic pollution down the river, where change from mesotrophic to eutrophic state. The major variables that impacted algal diversity were the nutrient-related such as nitrates and phosphates concentration. The water quality was dramatically changed from low polluted Class III in upper stations to polluted Classes IV and V in lower stations. Indices of the photosynthesis activity (WESI) revealed low-toxicity impact in all studied part of the river but indices of saprobity show high self-purification capacity down the river.