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In this paper, an engineering quality supervision system with integrated BIM and multiple IT technologies is developed to improve the level and efficiency of engineering quality supervision through a microservice architecture design, realizing the cloud storage management and strong scalability of a large amount of supervision record information data. A BIM model lightweight solution is proposed, data mapping is established between the model and quality supervision work procedures, and the interactive application of the model and business processes is realized. In system regulatory process management, two guidance methods are developed to meet the requirements of easy working and efficient collaboration among stakeholders. The system is developed and applied to a practical project in a management station, where it is shown to simplify the workflow and improve the efficiency of project approval.

Abstract Infection after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR) is a rare and catastrophic postoperative complication. The aims of this study were to investigate the diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation measures for postoperative infection following after ACLR. A retrospective study was conducted on 1500 patients who underwent ACLR between January 2011 and January 2022. Twenty patients who met the criteria for summarizing the incidence patterns and treatment experiences were selected for a complete investigation of their diagnostic, therapeutic, and rehabilitation processes, as well as outpatient follow-up results. Among the 20 patients who developed postoperative infections, Staphylococcus aureus was the main pathogen (80%). The clinical manifestations mainly included fever (80%) and knee joint pain (100%). Laboratory tests demonstrated that C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were greater than 50 mmol/L in fifteen patients (75%). All of the patients received intravenous antibiotic therapy. Five patients (25%) of tendon socket infection were treated with continuous negative pressure suction irrigation, whereas the other fifteen patients with intra-articular infection were treated with arthroscopic debridement and continuous flushing. The Lysholm score of the affected knee was compared before treatment and 6 months after treatment, and the difference was statistically significant (t = 20.78, P

ObjectivesPyrophyllite, as a sealed pressure medium, has been widely used in high-pressure research for laboratories and industrial synthesis. A highly efficient pressure transfer medium can generate higher cell pressure at the same loading force. The use of a highly efficient pressure transfer medium reduces the risk of anvil rupture and production costs. Therefore, it is important to develop a suitable and efficient pressure-transmitting pyrophyllite.MethodsThe pressure calibration of four pyrophyllites from different localities at room temperature was conducted in a 6 × 8 MN multi-anvil large-volume press. The relationship between loading force and cell pressure at room temperature was established. The influence of mineral composition changes in pyrophyllite on pressure-transmitting efficiency was studied using X-ray diffraction.ResultsBy investigating the influence of mineral composition changes in pyrophyllite on pressure-transmitting efficiency, the results are as follows: (1) When achieving the same cell pressure, the required loading force for Pyrophyllite 4 is 10% lower than those for the other three pyrophyllites, indicating that Pyrophyllite 4 has the best pressure-transmitting efficiency. (2) As cell pressure increases, the relationship between cell pressure and loading force begins to deviate from linearity, and the pressure-transmitting efficiency of pyrophyllite gradually decreases. When the cell pressure exceeds 5.00 GPa, applying higher loading force does not significantly increase the cell pressure. (3) Higher hardness minerals (such as Diaspore, Boehmite) in pyrophyllite can effectively improve pressure-transmitting efficiency in the low-pressure stage (cell pressure 2.55-3.68 GPa). When the minerals in pyrophyllite undergo phase transformation to form new minerals with higher hardness (such as Muscovite and Kaolinite) in the high-pressure stage (cell pressure of 5.50 GPa), pressure-transmitting efficiency can be effectively improved.ConclusionsPyrophyllite 4 has better pressure-transmitting efficiency than Pyrophyllite 2 does in the high-pressure stage, but it is prone to failure in sealing due to the changes in mineral composition. However, Pyrophyllite 2 shows good elastic recovery effect and sealing performance and can stably complete compression and decompression work. Considering both pressure-transmitting efficiency and sealing effect, Pyrophyllite 2 has better application value and economic benefits.

Rhizosphere microbiotas play vital roles in resisting environmental stress, transforming soil nutrients, and promoting plant health, growth, and productivity. The effects of rhizosphere microbial community shaping and the characteristics and functions of keystone taxa on blueberries were comprehensively studied by examining the rhizobacteria of healthy old trees (O), young seedlings (OG), and poorly growing seedlings (OB) of O’Neal blueberries. Our results showed that rhizobacterial diversity followed the order OB > > OG > O, and the microbial community of OG was similar to that of O, while that of OB was distinctly different. The predominant rhizobacteria identified included Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteria. Firmicutes were highly enriched in healthy blueberries, with Bacillus identified as a key genus that significantly enhanced blueberry growth when inoculated. Bradyrhizobium and Gaiellales were common core bacteria in the blueberry rhizosphere. In contrast, Acidobacteria were the predominant phylum in poorly growing OB, with the specific Vicinamibacterales-related and Latescibacterota-related genera acting as keystone taxa that shaped the microbial community. In addition, bacterial species in Vicinamibacterales might act as a potential pathogen predicted by BugBase. Taken together, these findings provide fundamental insights into the development of the blueberry rhizosphere microbial community and highlight the role of beneficial rhizobacteria, such as Bacillus, in enhancing blueberry growth. This knowledge could contribute to the exploitation of beneficial rhizobacteria and the prevention of pathogens in modern agriculture.

Abstract The high-frequency pulse flow, equivalent to the natural frequency of rocks, is generated by a self-excited oscillating cavity to achieve resonance rock-breaking. The flow field and oscillating mechanism of the self-excited oscillating cavity were simulated using the large eddy simulation method of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). A field-scale testing apparatus was developed to investigate the impulse characteristics and verify the simulation results. The results show that the fluid at the outlet at the tool is deflected due to the pulse oscillation of the fluid. The size and shape of low-pressure vortices constantly change, leading to periodic changes in fluid impedance within the oscillating cavity. The impulse frequency reaches its highest point when the length–diameter ratio is 0.67. As the length–diameter ratio increases, the tool pressure loss also increases. Regarding the cavity thickness, the impulse frequency of the oscillating cavity initially decreases, then increases, and finally decreases again. Moreover, both the impulse frequency and pressure loss increase with an increase in displacement. The numerical simulation findings align with the experimental results, thus confirming the validity of the theoretical model. This research provides theoretical guidance for the practical application of resonance rock-breaking technology.

Abstract Plants have evolved a multilayered and sophisticated immune system to establish effective resistance to a variety of pathogens. Phytophthora species are among the most notorious plant pathogens, causing destructive diseases on a variety of agricultural crops. Understanding the plant immune system is crucial for protecting crops from Phytophthora diseases. Here, we summarize the recent work on genes involved in plant resistance against Phytophthora pathogens, including cell surface pattern recognition receptors, cytoplasmic nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors, regulator genes, and non-host resistance genes, small RNA, and long non-coding RNA are also discussed in this review. Although the molecular mechanisms of only a small proportion of them have been clarified, emergence of new mechanisms of plant defense will offer exciting opportunities for utilization of these genes in disease resistance breeding as well as generation of disease-resistant crop germplasms.

In the process of oil and gas drilling, it is of great significance to accurately predict the drag coefficient and settling rate of cuttings in the drilling fluid for hydraulic parameters and borehole cleaning. In this paper, particle settling experiments were used to obtain the final settling velocity of 196 groups of spherical particles and 224 groups of terrestrial high-clay pure-shale cuttings in the power-law fluid. Based on data analysis, a settlement drag coefficient model suitable for irregular-shaped shale cuttings was established. The model can be used to predict the settlement drag coefficient and settling velocity of irregular-shaped shale cuttings in power-law fluid, which can provide theoretical guidance for wellbore cleaning and hydraulic parameter optimization in Daqing Gulong shale oil drilling operations.

AbstractJapanese brome (Bromus japonicus Thunb. ex Murr.) is a pervasive annual weed with wide distribution in winter wheat fields across the North China Plain. In this study, we researched the genetic diversity and phylogeography of 24 B. japonicus populations in China based on total genomic DNA and chloroplast DNA. The results showed that 106 fragments were scored using 12 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) primers, and 101 fragments (95.28%) were polymorphic. The findings revealed substantial genetic diversity and differentiation among populations from different locations (Ht = 0.2125, Hs = 0.0730, Gst = 0.6562 and Nm = 0.2619). Mean values of Nei’s genetic diversity (H) and Shannon index of diversity (I) were 0.0731 and 0.1068, respectively. In addition, 15 haplotypes were identified based on combined cpDNA regions among the 24 populations exhibiting abundant haplotype (gene) diversity and nucleotide diversity. The AMOVA based on ISSR and cpDNA both showed that genetic variation mainly exists among populations rather than within them. The STRUCTURE analysises of ISSR and cpDNA indicated that geographical location and genetic relationship had no significant correlation. The haplotype network also illustrated that the widespread haplotypes (H1, H2) might represent ancient polymorphism. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the presence of extensive genetic variability among and within the Chinese populations of B. japonicus, which is likely to contribute significantly to its adaptability and infestation as a weed species.

Abstract Background To develop a fully automated CNN detection system based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for ACL injury, and to explore the feasibility of CNN for ACL injury detection on MRI images. Methods Including 313 patients aged 16 – 65 years old, the raw data are 368 pieces with injured ACL and 100 pieces with intact ACL. By adding flipping, rotation, scaling and other methods to expand the data, the final data set is 630 pieces including 355 pieces of injured ACL and 275 pieces of intact ACL. Using the proposed CNN model with two attention mechanism modules, data sets are trained and tested with fivefold cross-validation. Results The performance is evaluated using accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity and F1 score of our proposed CNN model, with results of 0.8063, 0.7741, 0.9268, 0.6509 and 0.8436. The average accuracy in the fivefold cross-validation is 0.8064. For our model, the average area under curves (AUC) for detecting injured ACL has results of 0.8886. Conclusion We propose an effective and automatic CNN model to detect ACL injury from MRI of human knees. This model can effectively help clinicians diagnose ACL injury, improving diagnostic efficiency and reducing misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis.

The evolved resistance of Bromus japonicus Houtt. to ALS-inhibiting herbicides is well established. Previous studies have primarily focused on target-site resistance; however, non-target-site resistance has not been well characterized. This investigation demonstrated that ALS gene sequencing did not detect any previously known resistance mutations in a mesosulfuron-methyl-resistant (MR) population, and notably, treatment with the P450 monooxygenase (P450) inhibitor malathion markedly heightened susceptibility to mesosulfuron-methyl. Utilizing UPLC-MS/MS analysis confirmed elevated mesosulfuron-methyl metabolism in MR plants. The integration of Isoform Sequencing (Iso-Seq) and RNA Sequencing (RNA-Seq) facilitated the identification of candidate genes associated with non-target sites in a subpopulation with two generations of herbicide selection. Through qRT-PCR analysis, 21 differentially expressed genes were characterized, and among these, 10 genes (comprising three P450s, two glutathione S-transferases, one glycosyltransferase, two ATP-binding cassette transporters, one oxidase, and one hydrolase) exhibited constitutive upregulation in resistant plants. Our findings substantiated that increased herbicide metabolism is a driving force behind mesosulfuron-methyl resistance in this B. japonicus population.

The recent expansion of shellfish mariculture could significantly impact the ocean carbon cycle and its associated biogeochemical processes. To understand the source and fate of particulate organic carbon (POC), a summer cruise was conducted from September 8 to 10, 2022, at a mussel farm on Gouqi Island and its adjacent areas located in the East China Sea. Parameters included in situ temperature and salinity, contents of dissolved oxygen (DO), suspended particulate matter (SPM), POC, and chlorophyll a (Chl a), as well as the stable carbon isotopic composition (δ13C) of organic matter in particle and sediment samples, which were analyzed to facilitate a comparative assessment of the areas inside and outside the mussel farm. The POM was much fresher (POC/Chl a < 150) inside the farm with little impact from sediment resuspension (lower SPM content, 11.6 ± 6.6 mg/L), while a significant influence of sediment resuspension was found outside the farm (SPM > 20 mg/L, POC/Chl a > 150). A two end-member mixing model showed that 82.0 ± 6.0% of POC originated from marine algae within the farm, much higher than that outside the farming area (66.1 ± 7.8%). Moreover, elevated DO saturation but relatively low Chl a concentration within the farm suggested continuous algae consumption following potential high productivity. The averaged δ13C values were similar among suspended POC, sinking POC, and sedimentary organic carbon within the farm, implying the fast export and burial of POC. This is likely due to the filter-feeding habits of mussels, who ingest fresh POC and then pack it as fecal pellets that rapidly settle into the sediment. This study sheds light on the distribution and sources of POM inside and outside the mussel farm on Gouqi Island, enhancing our understanding of the marine carbon cycle on shellfish farms and providing insights into the underlying biogeochemical processes.

Biochar and beneficial microorganisms have been widely used in ecological agriculture. However, the impact of biochar loaded with microbes (BM) on plant growth remains to be understood. In this study, BM was produced by incubating pecan biochar with the bacterial strain N33, and the effects of BM on pecan growth and the microbial community in the rhizosphere were explored. BM application significantly enhanced the biomass and height of pecan plants. Meanwhile, BM treatment improved nutrient uptake in plants and significantly increased the chlorophyll, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins of plants. Furthermore, BM treatment improved the soil texture and environment. Finally, BM application substantially enhanced the diversity of soil fungi and bacteria as well as the relative abundances of the phyla Firmicutes and Chloroflexi, and families Bacillaceae and Paenibacillaceae, as shown by high-throughput sequencing. Together, this study clarified the growth-promotive effects of BM on pecan plants and suggested an alternative to synthetic fertilizers in their production.

Accurately assessing the capacity of the modern ocean to photosynthetically fix and sequester atmospheric CO2, termed the biological carbon pump (BCP), is a key component in studies on the marine carbon cycle and the global climate system. Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux into the ocean interior is an important indicator of the BCP strength, and it can be directly measured by sediment traps on time scales from days to years. This study has been conducted in the South China Sea (SCS) for over three decades. The SCS is one of the largest tropical marginal seas, located in the Asian monsoon region with frequent occurrence of dynamic physical processes and anthropogenic perturbations. It hosts an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the response of the BCP to multiscale physical processes. In this mini review, we briefly introduce the study history of mooring sediment traps in the SCS, synthesize the processes that regulate the temporal variability in mesopelagic POC flux, and how it is sensitive to climate changes. The time-series characteristics of the POC flux are clearly linked to primary production, as well as the key physical processes in the upper layer. The seasonal East Asian monsoon, intraseasonal eddies, aerosol deposition and interannual El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events are the main controlling factors over weekly to yearly timescales. Together, they suggest that the multiscale physical forcing in the upper layer regulates the mesopelagic POC export flux by controlling nutrient supplementation and subsequent POC production.

Endophytic fungi establish mutualistic relationships with host plants and can promote the growth and development of plants. In this study, the endophytic fungus JRF11 was isolated from Carya illinoinensis. Sequence analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and 18S rRNA gene combined with colonial and conidial morphology identified JRF11 as a Paraphaosphaeria strain. Plant–fungus interaction assays revealed that JRF11 showed significant growth-promoting effects on plants. In particular, JRF11 significantly increased the root biomass and soluble sugar content of plants. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrated that JRF11 treatment reprogrammed a variety of genes involved in plant mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling and starch and sucrose metabolism pathways through Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis. Our research indicates that beneficial endophytic fungi are able to interact with plants and exhibit outstanding plant growth-promoting activities.

Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc)-induced black rot is one of the most serious diseases in cruciferous plants. Using beneficial microbes to control this disease is promising. In our preliminary work, we isolated a bacterial strain (JR48) from a vegetable field. Here, we confirmed the plant-growth-promoting (PGP) effects of JR48 in planta, and identified JR48 as a Priestia megaterium strain. We found that JR48 was able to induce plant resistance to Xcc and prime plant defense responses including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation and callose deposition with elevated expression of defense-related genes. Further, JR48 promoted lignin biosynthesis and raised accumulation of frees salicylic acid (SA) as well as expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes. Finally, we confirmed that JR48-induced plant resistance and defense responses requires SA signaling pathway. Together, our results revealed that JR48 promotes plant growth and induces plant resistance to the crucifer black rot probably through reinforcing SA accumulation and response, highlighting its potential as a novel biocontrol agent in the future.

Objective: The objective of this study is to develop a novel automatic convolutional neural network (CNN) that aids in the diagnosis of meniscus injury, while enabling the visualization of lesion characteristics. This will improve the accuracy and reduce diagnosis times. Methods: We presented a cascaded-progressive convolutional neural network (C-PCNN) method for diagnosing meniscus injuries using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A total of 1396 images collected in the hospital were used for training and testing. The method used for training and testing was 5-fold cross validation. Using intraoperative arthroscopic diagnosis and MRI diagnosis as criteria, the C-PCNN was evaluated based on accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, receiver operating characteristic (ROC), and evaluation performance. At the same time, the diagnostic accuracy of doctors with the assistance of cascade- progressive convolutional neural networks was evaluated. The diagnostic accuracy of a C-PCNN assistant with an attending doctor and chief doctor was compared to evaluate the clinical significance. Results: C-PCNN showed 85.6% accuracy in diagnosing and identifying anterior horn injury, and 92% accuracy in diagnosing and identifying posterior horn injury. The average accuracy of C-PCNN was 89.8%, AUC = 0.86. The diagnosis accuracy of the attending physician with the aid of the C-PCNN was comparable to that of the chief physician. Conclusion: The C-PCNN-based MRI technique for diagnosing knee meniscus injuries has significant practical value in clinical practice. With a high rate of accuracy, clinical auxiliary physicians can increase the speed and accuracy of diagnosis and decrease the number of incorrect diagnoses.

Abstract Background The genus Beauveria is frequently used as a mycoinsecticides in many countries to control insect pests in agriculture, it is being very effective against the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Durry) (Lepidoptera: Erebidae), which is a pest of trees in forests and orchards. Multiple abiotic factors during fungal growth are well known to influence mycelial growth and several physiological adaptations in the conidia produced. Results In this study, the pathogenicity of the Beauveria bassiana strains Bb10331 and Bb7725 against H. cunea was evaluated. Peptone potato dextrose agar (PPDA) was used as the medium and colony diameter, conidiation capacity, conidial germination rate were directly affected by relative humidity (RH), illumination, and the ambient pH. The LC50 values of Bb10331 and Bb7725 to H. cunea were 4.72 × 106 and 3.28 × 106 conidia·ml−1, respectively, after 120 h post treatments, while their corresponding LT50 values were 71.13 and 74.54 h at the concentration of 1 × 108 conidia/ml. The Bb7725 had a conidial germination rate than did Bb10331 at the same RH. The two strains grew faster under a dark:light (D:L) photoperiod of 12:12 h, and this particular light condition was also most suitable for their conidia production. The optimum pH for the growth and conidiation of the two strains was approximately 7.0. Conclusions Both strains are promising for pest control, possessing effective virulence against H. cunea, but this is slightly stronger in Bb7725 than Bb10331. The values of abiotic factors apt to promote the biological properties of each B. bassiana were different.

The speed of drilling has a great relationship with the rock breaking efficiency of the bit. Based on the above background, the purpose of this article is to predict the position of shallow bit based on the vibration signal monitoring of bit broken rock. In this article, first, the mechanical research of drill string is carried out; the basic changes of the main mechanical parameters such as the axial force, torque, and bending moment of drill string are clarified; and the dynamic equilibrium equation theory of drill string system is analyzed. According to the similarity criterion, the corresponding relationship between drilling process parameters and laboratory test conditions is determined. Then, the position monitoring test system of the vibration bit is established. The acoustic emission signal and the drilling force signal of the different positions of the bit in the process of vibration rock breaking are collected synchronously by the acoustic emission sensor and the piezoelectric force sensor. Then, the denoised acoustic emission signal and drilling force signal are analyzed and processed. The mean value, variance, and mean square value of the signal are calculated in the time domain. The power spectrum of the signal is analyzed in the frequency domain. The signal is decomposed by wavelet in the time and frequency domains, and the wavelet energy coefficients of each frequency band are extracted. Through the wavelet energy coefficient calculated by the model, combined with the mean, variance, and mean square error of time-domain signal, the position of shallow buried bit can be analyzed and predicted. Finally, by fitting the results of indoor experiment and simulation experiment, it can be seen that the stress–strain curve of rock failure is basically the same, and the error is about 3.5%, which verifies the accuracy of the model.

Monascus vinegar (MV) exerts beneficial effects on cardiovasular diseases. The present work explored the lipid-lowering mechanism of MV and the correlation among gut microbiota, lipid metabolism and inflammation. The results illustrated that the administration of MV ameliorated hyperlipidemia by regulating Peroxisome proliferator-activated α (PPARα)-, Nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)- and Nuclear factor κB (NF-κB)-mediated signals and modulating the gut microbiota composition in hyperlipidemia rats. Moreover, Lactobacillus, Roseburia and Lachnostridium showed positive correlation with antioxidative parameters and negative correlation with lipid metabolism and inflammation parameters. Whereas Clostridium, Desulfovibrio and Streptococcus exhibited the opposite effect. Importantly, the differences in lipid-lowering effect between high-dose of MV (HD) group and low acetic acid and lovastatin (LLA) group were evaluated, which indicated that the other components in MV could improve the lipid-lowering effect of acetic acid and lovastatin. Our findings provided a novel insight into the lipid-lowering effect of MV.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the possible role of IL-4 signaling pathway in vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy. Methods: The mouse model of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy and interleukin (IL)-4 knockout mice were utilized to investigate the possible role of IL-4 signaling pathway in vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy. Vincristine induced increased sensitivity to mechanical stimulation was measured by von Frey hair test 7 and 14 days after intraperitoneal administration of 0.1 mg/kg vincristine in mice. Relative expression levels of cytokines were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. STAT6 expression following vincristine treatment was assessed with western blotting. Results: We discovered that IL-4/STAT6 signaling was down-regulated in vincristine-treated mice. Deletion of IL-4 in mice increased the sensitivity to mechanical allodynia. IL-4 knockout mice also produced more pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1β and TNF-α. Notably, co-administration of exogenous recombination IL-4 significantly prevented vincristine-induced mechanical allodynia. Conclusion: Anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 protects rodent model from vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy via the stimulation of IL-4/STAT6 signaling and inhibition of the pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Michelia compressa is an evergreen ornamental tree species. The high-throughput sequencing technology was used to sequence and assemble the chloroplast genome of Michelia compressa. Results showed that the chloroplast genome is 160,061 bp in length, of which the inverted repeats sequence (IRs) is 26,581 bp, the large single-copy region (LSC) and the small single copy region (SSC) are 88,097 bp and 18,802 bp, respectively. The GC content of the plastome was 39.2%, with 43.2%, 37.9% and 34.2% in IRs, LSC and SSC, respectively. A total of 132 genes are annotated, 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. This study enriched the Michelia compressa genomic information which provides the basis for rational exploitation and utilization of germplasm resources.

Abstract Malignant bone tumors, including primary bone cancer and metastatic bone tumors, are a significant clinical challenge due to their high frequency of presentation, poor prognosis and lack of effective treatments and therapies. Bone tumors are often accompanied by skeletal complications such as bone destruction and cancer-induced bone pain. However, the mechanisms involved in bone cancer progression, bone metastasis and skeletal complications remain unclear. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), an intercellular lipid signaling molecule that exerts a wide range of biological effects mainly through specifically binding to LPA receptors (LPARs), has been found to be present at high levels in the ascites of bone tumor patients. Numerous studies have suggested that LPA plays a role in primary malignant bone tumors, bone metastasis, and skeletal complications. In this review, we summarize the role of LPA signaling in primary bone cancer, bone metastasis and skeletal complications. Modulating LPA signaling may represent a novel avenue for future therapeutic treatments for bone cancer, potentially improving patient prognosis and quality of life.

BackgroundAtopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic dermatitis of autoimmune origin that considerably affects the quality of life of patients. Ferroptosis, a newly regulated form of cell death, is essential for inflammation-related damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs). In this study, we aimed to identify ferroptosis regulators relevant to AD pathogenesis and reveal the mechanisms by which ferroptosis regulates the pathogenesis of AD.MethodsWe analyzed the GEO AD cohorts (GSE16161, GSE32924, GSE107361, and GSE120721), identifying AD-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) using edgeR. Co-expression and STRING database analyses were used to elucidate the interactions between DEGs and ferroptosis markers. Through functional enrichment analysis, we defined potential biological functions within the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and developed FerrSig using LASSO regression. The utility of FerrSig in guiding the clinical management of AD was evaluated using the GSE32473 cohort. Subsequently, our in silico findings were confirmed, and mechanistic insights were expanded through both in vitro and in vivo studies, validating the relevance of FerrSig.ResultsIn the GEO AD cohort, 278 DEGs were identified, including seven ferroptosis signature genes. Co-expression analysis and STRING database review revealed a 63-node PPI network linked to cell cycle and pro-inflammatory pathways. Four ferroptosis genes (ALOXE3, FABP4, MAP3K14, and EGR1) were selected to create FerrSig, which was significantly downregulated in samples collected from patients with AD. In addition, immune-related signaling pathways were significantly differentially enriched between the stratifications of samples collected from patients with AD with high and low ferritin levels, whereas in the GSE32473 cohort, FerrSig was significantly increased in cohorts effectively treated with pimecrolimus or betamethasone. Finally, in vitro and in vivo models showed a notable FerrSig decrease in patients with AD versus healthy control. Treatment with betamethasone and tacrolimus restored FerrSig, and the magnitude of the increase in FerrSig was higher in samples collected from patients with AD with better efficacy assessments. In addition, FerrSig was significantly positively correlated with the ferroptosis inhibitors GPX4 and SLC7A11 and negatively correlated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and p-STAT3/STAT3. This implies that the FerrSig signature genes may regulate ferroptosis through the JAK/STAT3 signaling pathway.ConclusionOur study further explored the pathogenesis of AD, and FerrSig could serve as a potential biomarker for identifying AD morbidity risks and determining treatment efficacy.