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Diabetes is a common disease occurring around the world. Patients usually have high blood sugar and many complications. Diabetes is typically caused by an inability to use insulin or damage to beta-cells. Magnesium is a co-factor involved in glycolysis and activation of insulin use, so by examining trials including magnesium supplementation in individuals with all forms of diabetes, this research investigated if taking magnesium supplements had an association with blood glucose and insulin resistance in diabetics or those with a high risk of diabetes. Ten trials in this paper are analyed to figure out whether magnesium supplement is associated with blood sugar and insulin resistance in diabetics and those with high risk of this diseased. Eight trials showed an association between consuming Mg supplement and lower blood sugar and insulin resistance, but two trials concluded there was no association. The differences in the results may be caused by different blood magnesium levels or ethnic groups of participants, which needs further analysis.

Lung cancer is a highly malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. The establishment of faithful ex vivo cell models is essential for investigating the metastatic mechanisms and developing new anticancer agents. In this study, we established and characterized a novel lung cancer cell line derived from metastatic lymph node tissue from a Chinese patient.A primary culture of metastatic lymph node tissue from a patient with lung cancer was used to establish a cell line. The phenotypic characteristics of the cell line were characterized by colony-formation, CCK8, and Transwell assays, and xenografting. The genetic characteristics were evaluated by chromosome analysis, short tandem repeat (STR) profiling, and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR).A novel lung cancer cell line, named ZX2021H, was successfully established from a metastatic lymph node lesion from a lung cancer patient. The cell line exhibited high capacities for proliferation and invasion, as validated by its phenotypic and genetic characteristics. This cell line had a unique STR profile and karyotype analysis revealed numerical and structural chromosome abnormalities. The growth rate of in vivo xenografted tumors established using ZX2021H cells was higher than that using H1299 cells. The cell stemness-related gene SOX2 was overexpressed in ZX2021 compared with H1299 cells, as determined by qRT-PCR.We successfully established a novel, highly malignant lung cancer cell line, ZX2021H, derived from metastatic lymph node tissue from a Chinese lung cancer patient. This cell line may provide an ideal cell model for further studies of the molecular mechanisms underlying lung cancer metastasis and for the development of new anticancer agents.

Aggregation of high loading sulfur on host materials at low carbon/sulfur ratio results in the limited S↔Li2S reaction kinetics, which is a bottleneck for the development of lithium sulfur batteries with high energy densities.

This study evaluated whether sublobar resection (sub-L) is non-inferior to lobectomy (L) for stage I (T1-T2aN0M0) small cell lung cancer (SCLC) regarding long-term overall survival (OS).Clinicopathological and prognostic data of patients with stage I (pT1-T2aN0M0) SCLC were retrieved. Kaplan-Meier curves and Breslow tests were performed for the assessment of OS. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was used to mediate the inherent bias of retrospective researches.A total of 188 patients with stage I SCLC were included in this study after PSM. For resected stage I SCLC, surgery plus adjuvant therapy was related to a better OS compared with surgery only (p = 0.016). For resected stage I SCLC, no matter adjuvant therapy was performed or not, no significant difference was observed in long-term OS between the L and sub-L groups (p = 0.181). Further subgroup analysis demonstrated that the OS disadvantage of sub-L over L was not statistically significant for stage I SCLC patients underwent surgery only (p = 0.653), but also for the patients underwent surgery plus adjuvant therapy (p = 0.069). Moreover, in the subgroup analyses according to TNM stage (IA and IB), sex (male and female), and age (≥70 and70 years), OS did not differ between the L and sub-L groups except in female patients (p = 0.008). Multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that adjuvant therapy was positively associated with OS.Surgery plus adjuvant therapy confers a better survival benefit than surgery only for stage I SCLC patients. However, as far as the range of surgical resection is concerned, sublobar resection may be non-inferior to lobectomy regarding OS. Our study could conduce to the development of optimal therapeutic strategies for stage I SCLC patients. Further validation is warranted in larger retrospective and prospective cohort studies.

Lung cancer is one of the most common malignant tumours worldwide. Metastasis is a serious influencing factor for poor treatment effect and shortened survival in lung cancer. But the complicated underlying molecular mechanisms of tumour metastasis remain unclear. In this review, we aim to further summarize and explore the underlying mechanisms of tumour-derived exosomes (TDEs) in lung cancer metastasis.TDEs are actively produced and released by tumour cells and carry messages from tumour cells to normal or abnormal cells residing at close or distant sites. Many studies have shown that TDEs promote lung cancer metastasis and development through multiple mechanisms, including epithelial-mesenchymal transition, immunosuppression and the formation of a premetastatic niche. TDEs regulate these mechanisms to promote metastasis by carrying DNA, proteins, miRNA, mRNA, lncRNA and ceRNA. Further exploring TDEs related to metastasis may be a promising treatment strategy and deserve further investigation.Overall, TDEs play a critical role in metastatic of lung cancer. Further studies are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms of TDEs in lung cancer metastasis.

This paper mainly studies how investors invest in funds to obtain high returns while avoiding risks. Firstly, from the perspective of portfolio investment, this paper introduces the traditional Markowitz mean-variance model and capital asset pricing model (CAPM), then selects four funds from different industries by MATLAB program in Sina Finance and Economics Network for application analysis from which the optimal portfolio point can be obtained under the combination of efficient frontier and capital allocation line. Subsequently, by analyzing the returns of long-term holdings and short-term operations of Noan Growth Hybrid Fund, it is confirmed that long-term holding funds can better cope with the changing market so as to obtain more stable returns. Finally, this paper discusses the dynamic adjustments of asset portfolio. Resident investors are supposed to take into account the market situation and the changes of the fund itself to adjust the holding fund portfolio. Based on the research in this paper, resident investors ought to combine investment funds to diversify risk allocation and make long-term holding plans according to their risk tolerance. At the same time, they should also make appropriate dynamic adjustments when the external environment changes to ensure long-term benefits.

Integrins are involved in extracellular and intracellular signaling and are often aberrantly expressed in tumors. Integrin beta 2 (ITGB2) has previously been demonstrated to be correlated with the host defense. However, the expression profile and role of ITGB2 in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unclear. Here, we found that the genetic alterations in ITGB2 was predominated by gene mutation and copy number deletion using cBioPortal analysis, and its expression was downregulated in the NSCLC tissues, as validated by the UALCAN, TCGA, and GEO databases and our tissue samples. Kaplan–Meier (KM) plotter analysis revealed that patients with a lower ITGB2 expression had a shorter overall survival (OS) time (p = 0.01). Moreover, 1089 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the NSCLC tissues were screened using the TCGA database. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the DEGs were closely associated with immune processes and cell adhesion. The protein–protein interaction (PPI) network revealed that 10 of 15 EMT-related genes among the DEGs might lead to the metastasis of NSCLC. Concomitantly, the expression of ITGB2 was positively correlated with the infiltration of Treg cells and Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). Biologically, the ectopic expression of ITGB2 significantly inhibited the proliferation and metastasis of NSCLC cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that ITGB2 suppressed the expression of N-cadherin, Vimentin, Slug, Snail, and Twist, while it promoted E-cadherin expression, according to gain-of-function studies. In conclusion, ITGB2 can inhibit the proliferation and migration of NSCLC cells, leading to a poor prognosis, via epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) signaling.

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) have become one type of promising hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst in alkaline medium; however, the low amount of metal active sites and the poor electronic conductivity of TMPs have become the limiting factors for achieving high-performance TMP based electrocatalysts. Herein, a hierarchical carbon nanotube (CNT) forest was used to load TMP materials to form self-supported electrodes (NiCoP-CNT@NiCo/CP and NiFeP-CNT@NiCo/CP), guaranteeing catalytic electrodes with a high amount of metal sites and excellent electronic conductivity. As expected, the electrodes display low overpotentials of 82 and 230 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for the HER and OER in alkaline solutions, respectively. Moreover, the overall water electrolyzer assembled with NiCoP-CNT@NiCo/CP as a cathode and NiFeP-CNT@NiCo/CP as an anode exhibits superior electrolysis performance (1.58 V/10 mA cm−2). The remarkable performance is attributed to the unique hierarchical CNT forest architecture of the as-prepared catalytic electrodes and the synergistic effect between TMP nanoparticles and CNTs.

Metal and nitrogen codoped carbon (M-Nx/C) materials with good metal dispersion in a carbon matrix have attracted great attention because they can efficiently catalyze various kinds of chemical/ele...

Metal/nitrogen co-doped carbon (M-Nx/C) materials have shown their good catalytic activity for electrochemical/chemical reactions in energy conversion devices and organics synthesis. However, the preparation of M-Nx/C materials usually involves a high-temperature pyrolysis step, it generates not only active M-Nx sites but also inactive metal-based aggregates that restrict their activity. How to prepare the M-Nx/C materials with high density of M-Nx sites and specific nanostructure remains a challenge. Herein, we report a general method of “self-assembly induced metal ionic polymer” for preparing M-Nx/C precursors, which can not only preferentially generate M-Nx sites by inhibiting metal aggregation during pyrolysis, but also produce advanced nanostructure for catalysis. Taking the preparation of Fe-Nx/C as an example, the self-assembled nanosheets of [Fe(CN)6]4−⋅{[C6H4-(NH3)2]2}4+ compounds are used as prefabricated materials, which effectively induce the formation of metal ionic-polymer nanowires and nanoparticles. They are applied to synthesize the Fe-Nx/C nanowires and nanoparticles with single metal atoms, respectively. The Fe-Nx/C nanowires exhibit the excellent oxygen reduction reaction activity with the half-wave potentials of 0.82 and 0.92 V under acidic and alkaline conditions, respectively. The proposed strategy can be a general method to prepare the M-Nx/C catalyst precursors with the special morphology and high thermal stability.

The low cycle stability of the lithium anode has become one of the bottlenecks restricting the development of lithium-metal batteries with high theoretical energy density. Serious side reactions between lithium and electrolyte components are one of the key reasons for the poor cycle stability of the lithium anode. Herein, lithiated graphene oxide (GO-Li) and lithium poly(styrene sulfate) (PSS-Li) are used to construct composite membranes for the protection of the Li-anode, which shows long-term operation over 1000 h in Li‖Li symmetric cells in the presence of redox chemicals that accelerate the cathodic reaction. The high content of Li+ of PSS-Li can not only inhibit the dissolution and diffusion of redox molecules in the membrane, but also improve the Li+ transport rate through the membrane. In our study, we take a lithium–oxygen (Li–O2) battery as the model device and 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy as the model redox chemical to accelerate the cathodic reaction. Compared with conventional membranes, artificial membranes can effectively inhibit the side reaction between the redox molecules and the lithium anode. Consequently, the energy efficiency and cycle stability (over three times) of Li–O2 batteries are greatly improved. This provides an important theoretical basis and technical support for the design and preparation of membranes for high performance energy-conversion batteries.

Globally, gastric cancer (GC) is one of the three most deadly cancers.

This study aimed to observe the ultrastructure on the surface of the inner ear of a normal tree shrew using scanning electron microscope (SEM). The specimens of cochlea, macula utriculi, macula sacculi, and crista ampullaris of the normal adult tree shrew were collected and observed by SEM. We used immunofluorescence for cochlear protein Atoh1 staining. We observed that cochlea of the tree shrew is centered on the cochlear axis, circling about 3.5 times from bottom to top of the cochlea. The organ of Corti is located between medial and lateral grooves, including inner and outer hair cells as well as supporting cells. Maculae staticae include macula of saccule and macula of utricle, and the surface of macula is covered with a large number of otoliths. We found a gelatinous layer below the otoliths, followed by the layer of the honeycomb structure. The hair cell cilia of macula and crista ampullaris include one kinocilium and more stereocilia. There is no obvious cross structure but numerous hair cell cilia on semicircular canal crista ampullaris. Immunofluorescence staining showed that protein Atoh1 is mainly distributed in the nucleus of the cochlea's inner and outer hair cells. The observation of the inner ear structure under SEM elucidate the fine surface morphological structure of the entire cochlea, the vestibular maculae staticae, and crista ampullaris, providing new insight into the structure and function of the inner ear of tree shrew. HIGHLIGHTS: This article is the first to describe the inner ear ultrastructure of a small primate tree shrew by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Under an SEM, the phalangeal processes of Deiter cells in tree shrews were observed to be connected to the tip of a neighboring hair cell, which was different from that of Deiters' cells in guinea pigs, and this crossed one hair cell, and connected to the tip of the third hair cell. It was observed that the crista ampullaris of tree shrews were horseshoe-shaped, and similar to that of humans and monkeys, this had no obvious "cross-shaped hump" structure. Tree shrew's ABR threshold value curve conforms to the mammalian U-shaped curve, wave III is the main wave of ARB, its sensory frequency may be higher 8 kHz, and the characteristics of the stereocilia of tree shrew we have observed may be related to the perception of higher frequency hearing.

At present, the most researches only used the intensity information to do the semantic segmentation of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) images. With the improvement of the resolution of SAR image, the phase information is no longer as invalid as before, an effective use of the phase information can help us to achieve better results in SAR images segmentation. However, most of the current methods that segmented SAR images with complex-valued data are based on full-polarization data. For those dual-polarimetric data, such as Envisat ASAR AP data and Sentinel-1 data, there are no effective methods to make full use of the multi-polarization complex-valued data. Consequently, a SAR image segmentation method named Complex-Valued Multi-Viewed UNet (CVMV-Unet) is proposed, which can make comprehensive use of phase and dual-polarization information. The main contributions of this paper are as follows: first, we propose a multi-view network based on the UNet structure, which can comprehensively use the dual-polarization SAR images to improve land cover segmentation. Second, considering the importance of phase information in high-resolution SAR images, we study the performance of complex-valued neural networks in SAR image segmentation. Limited experimental results based on Sentinel-1 SAR images indicate the CVMV-UNet we proposed can achieve state-of-art classification accuracy in SAR images land cover segmentation.

Although deep neural network has achieved great success in Automatic Target Recognition with Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR-ATR), there are still two major problems in the existing works. Firstly, most networks belong to supervised learning, which has a great requirement on the number of target labels. Secondly, the phase information of complex-valued images is generally discarded regardless of their significance, and only the amplitude information is used. In order to solve these problems, this paper proposes a model for vehicle SAR image interpretation based on complex-valued convolutional auto-encoder (CV-CAE). Several advanced network structures have been extended to complex-valued domain and utilized in the proposed model to improve its performance, including the Inception structure, the residual block and the attention mechanism. The proposed network not only learns features in an unsupervised manner, but also makes full use of the phase information in SAR images. Finally, the KNN classifier is adopted to categorize the vehicles based on the features learned by the proposed CV-CAE. Experimental results with the MSTAR dataset indicate that the proposed method achieved a comparable performance to the state-of-the-art results.

In this study, the combination of dielectric barrier discharge plasma (DBD) with calcium peroxide (CaO

We designed and synthesized 4,4-di-(4′-methylmercaptophenoxy)-8-(N-methylpyridinium-2-yl)-1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (probe 1) as a water-soluble BODIPY derivative for rapid and selective detection of hypochlorous acid. The pyridinium-2-yl linked at the meso position of BODIPY core was used to maintain highly fluorescent nature and to increase water solubility. Methylmercaptophenoxy was selected as responsive site installed on the boron atom (to replace the fluorine atom) and induced the photoinduced electron-transfer (PeT) effect to quench the fluorescence of BODIPY. The probe exhibited 83.9 μg mL−1 solubility in PBS (10 mM, pH 7.4), and possessed very low fluorescence (Φf = 0.0013). Upon addition of HClO, the probe could display a distinct response in 1 min and generate marked fluorescence enhancement by 100-fold due to the oxidation of thioether into sulfoxide to terminate PeT process. A limit of detection of 53 nM was calculated for HClO in the linear response range from 0 μM to 10 μM, and the probe was successfully applied to image HClO in living cells.

The original active site units and morphologies structure on catalyst surface is highly important to promote the rate of chemical reaction, while less concern is paid on their dynamic change during reaction process. Understanding these reconstructions in reactions is essential to illustrate the correlations between the structure and reactivity of catalyst, as well as the rational design of efficient catalyst. Here, single metal phophide materials are adopted as model electrocatalysts to show the structure evolution in the process of oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). After both OER and HER operation, the core-shell structured metal-hydroxide/oxyhydroxide@metal-phosphide catalysts are generated, resulting in the high but decreased activity. To overcome the activity deterioration of metal phosphide induced by morphology reconstruction, binary heterostructure metal phosphides catalysts are designed and show the better OER and HER activity and stability compared to those of single phosphides. The work illustrates the structure-performance relationship of catalyst surface dynamics on catalytic performance, which will provide the guidance for designing high performance electrocatalysts, photocatalysts, and thermal catalysts.

Biothiols, such as glutathione (GSH), homocysteine (Hcy) and cysteine (Cys), are important biomarkers and play crucial roles in many physiological processes. Thus, the detection of biothiols is highly important for early diagnosis of diseases and evaluation of disease progression. Herein, new types of BODIPY-based fluorescent probes (probe 1, probe 2 and probe 3) capable of cysteine (Cys)/homocysteine (Hcy) sensing with high selectivity over other amino acids were developed. In addition, we further studied the influence of different electronegativity substituents on these probes to sensing Cys/Hcy. Ultimately, we concluded that the electron withdrawing group on probe 1 can accelerate the probe response to Cys/Hcy, and probe 1 was successfully applied for selective imaging Cys/Hcy in living cells.

The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in aprotic electrolyte is the essential reaction in metal-oxygen batteries. Capturing and shifting the absorbed metal superoxide intermediates/products from a cathode surface is a long-standing challenge to clarify the ORR mechanism, accelerate the ORR, and improve the stability and energy density of metal-oxygen batteries. Herein, a bioinspired pathway in which cathode solid catalysts and soluble anthraquinone (AQ) molecules initiate an "enzyme-coenzyme" cooperative catalysis mechanism is developed to greatly boost the ORR activity of solid catalysts over 10-fold, in which AQ acts as a scavenger to capture and shift the absorbed superoxide species from the cathode surface to the aprotic electrolyte. Taking the lithium-oxygen (Li-O2) battery as a model system, the cell discharge ORR mechanism is well illustrated and capacities are significantly improved over 3 times in the presence of AQ molecules. This concept represents the first demonstration of stabilizing and solvating superoxide species to substantially accelerate ORR catalysis of solid catalysts and enhance the performance of metal-O2 batteries through biomimicking coenzyme-assisted reactions.

Palladium contamination has attracted widespread attention due to the toxicity and the wide use of palladium species. Consequently, development of convenient and effective methods for palladium detection is of great importance. Herein, a BODIPY-based fluorescent probe containing a meso homopropargyl ester substituent as a new recognition moiety for detection of Pd2+ was developed. The probe could be used to detect Pd2+ in acetonitrile/PBS buffer (1 : 99 v/v, 10 mM, pH 7.4) at 37 °C with high selectivity and sensitivity. The detection limit of probe 1 toward Pd2+ was estimated to be 50.8 nM. Furthermore, probe 1 was successfully applied for detection of Pd2+ in living cells, indicating good potential application prospects.

Based on the composition, function and service requirements of the application layer of the Internet of things system, the application layer data processing software platform is established to achieve the tasks and objectives of the Internet of things system. The data collected by the perception layer is calculated, stored, classified, analyzed, mined and understood, and the data of the perception layer is analyzed. So as to achieve the purpose of real-time control, accurate calculation, accurate management and scientific decision-making of the Internet of things system.

OBJECTIVE This study aimed to determine the optimal surgical procedure for early-stage pulmonary carcinoids (PCs). BACKGROUND PCs, comprising typical carcinoids (TCs) and atypical carcinoids (ACs), are rare low-grade malignant tumors. We determine the optimal surgical management for early-stage PCs using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry. METHODS Clinical and survival data of patients with early-stage PC tumors with a diameter ≤3 cm were retrieved. The Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank tests were used to assess the differences in overall survival (OS). Subgroup analyses were also performed. To reduce the inherent bias of retrospective studies, two propensity score matching (PSM) analysis with (PSM2) or without (PSM1) consideration of lymph node assessment were performed. RESULTS In total, 2,934 patients with PCs, including 2,741 (93.42%) with TCs and 193 (6.58%) with ACs, were recruited. After PSM1 analysis, TC patients in the lobectomy group had a significantly better OS than those in the sublobar resection group (P = 0.0067), which is more remarkable for patients with a tumor diameter of 2 cm < T ≤ 3 cm (P = 0.0345) and those aged

O-phenylenediamine-BODIPY-based dual-responsive turn-on low-background fluorescence probe 1 for the detection both NO and nitrite has been successfully designed through attachment of a BODIPY dye at the meso position with the amino group of o-phenylenediamine. Probe 1 is intrinsically none fluorescent due to PET effect, however it turns quickly into highly fluorescent state upon treatment with NO in neutral condition or nitrite in acidic environment with high selectivity and low detection limit. The resulted 8-benzotriazolyl BODIPY dye could recognize biothiol such as Cys, Hcy, and GSH. In the cell imaging experiments, only blue fluorescence could be observed with probe 1 using DEA·NONOate as the source of NO and assisted by intracellular Cys and GSH. Our results may inspire and encourage researchers to use such a convenient tool for studying the effects of NO and nitrite in biological and pharmacological studies.

Biological thiols, especially low molecular weight thiols, including cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione (GSH), play a pivotal role in physiological and pathological systems. Thus, the detection of biothiols is highly important for early diagnosis of diseases and evaluation of disease progression. Herein, we developed a highly selective and sensitive ratiometric fluorescent 8-Cl BODIPY-based probe with high fluorescence quantum yields. The probe displayed a sensitive response to Cys and Hcy over other biothiols, which can be visualized colorimetrically and/or fluorescently. The probe was successfully applied to detect Cys in human plasma, demonstrating its great value for practical application in biological sample analysis.

Waste activated sludge (WAS) and animal manure are two significant reservoirs of glucocorticoids (GCs) in the environment. However, GC degradation during anaerobic digestion (AD) of WAS or animal manure has rarely been investigated. In this study, co-fermentation of WAS and animal manure was conducted to investigate the performance of AD in controlling GC dissemination. Effects of manure type on GC degradation and sludge acidification were investigated. The results showed that co-fermentation of WAS and chicken manure (CM) significantly enhanced the degradation of hydrocortisone (HC) to 99%, betamethasone (BT) to 99%, fluocinolone acetonide (FA) to 98%, and clobetasol propionate (CP) to 82% in 5 days with a mixing ratio of 1:1 (g TS sludge/g dw manure) at 55 °C and initial pH of 7. Simultaneously, sludge reduction was increased by 30% and value-added volatile fatty acid (VFA) production was improved by 40%. Even a high GC content of biomass (3.6 mg/g TS) did not impact both sludge hydrolysis and acidification. The amendment of WAS with CM increased soluble organic carbon, Ca2+, and relative abundance of anaerobes (Eubacterium) associated with organic compound degradation. Furthermore, 44 transformation products of HC, BT, FA, and CP with lower lipophilicity and toxicity were identified, indicating possible degradation pathways including hydroxylation, ketonization, ring cleavage, defluorination, hydrogenation, methylation, and de-esterification. Overall, this study provides a practical way to control GC pollution and simultaneously promote waste reduction and VFA production. Animal manure type as an overlooked factor for influencing co-fermentation performance and pollutant degradation was also highlighted.

Our previous discovery suggested that substituents on the 1,7 positions delicately modulate the sensing ability of the meso-arylmercapto boron-dipyrromethene (BODIPY) to biothiols. In this work, the impact of delicate modulations on the sensing ability is investigated. Therefore, 1,7-dimethyl, 3,5-diaryl substituted BODIPY is designed and developed and its conformationally restricted species with a meso-arylmercapto moiety (DM-BDP-SAr and DM-BDP-R-SAr) as selective fluorescent probes for Cys. Moreover, the lysosome-target probes (Lyso-S and Lyso-D) based on DM-BDP-SAr carrying one or two morpholinoethoxy moieties were developed. They were able to detect Cys selectively in vitro with low detection limits. Both Lyso-S and Lyso-D localized nicely in lysosomes in living HeLa cells and exhibited red fluorescence for Cys. Moreover, a novel fluorescence quenching mechanism was proposed from the calculations by density functional theory (DFT). The probes may go through intersystem crossing (from singlet excited state to triplet excited state) to result in fluorescence quenching.

A stable and highly active oxygen evolution reaction (OER) electrode is the key for fast and robust O2 production, which is one of the essential points for various kinds of energy conversion systems, such as water splitting, lithium-O2 battery and artificial photosynthesis. Here, superaerophobic electrodes with metal@metal-oxide powder catalysts are shown, which demonstrate high and stable OER activity. The active-site-density of metal@metal-oxide catalysts is increased over one order of magnitude than those of pure metal oxides due to the large enhancement of electrical conductivity, revealing the substantial enhancement of electrochemical OER kinetics. Furthermore, the superaerophobic property of electrodes is favorable for fast O2 desorption, which improves electrochemical active surface area (EASA) during OER. The superaerophobic electrode with metal@metal-oxide powder catalysts provides the new insight for increase of active-site-density and EASA simultaneously, which are the key factors to determine the activity of OER electrode.

In recent years, the State Grid has been vigorously developing PMS2.0 system and intelligent substation system based on IEC61850 standard. Because the two systems follow different standards, the models are not uniform and the information is difficult to share. In this paper, the mapping relation between the two models is found by analyzing and comparing the structure of the IEC61850 model with that of the PMS2.0 model. Using the MMS communication protocol in IEC61850 Standard, the MMS communication module is designed on the CompactRIO platform of NI Company to realize the data interoperability between PMS2.0 and intelligent substation System. The simulation test effect is good, which shows that the design is effective.

Cysteine (Cys), homocysteine (Hcy), and glutathione (GSH) are interconnected and play essential roles in many biological processes. It is significant importance to detect these thiols for investigating their functions in cells and disease diagnosis. In this work, we have designed and synthesized two novel BODIPY-based turn-on fluorescent probes (BDP-Ph and BDP-R-Ph) carrying 4-methoxythiophenol moiety at meso position as good leaving group for highly selective detection of Cys and Hcy. Furthermore, the probes have been successfully applied to detect intracellular Cys and Hcy by fluorescent imaging in living cells.

We present a simple approach for preparing mesoporous carbon membranes on macroporous fly-ash-based ceramic supports via sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol with formaldehyde. The support was dip-coated and dried at 45°C under ambient pressure without a special drying process. The mesoporous carbon membrane was obtained after carbonization under a nitrogen atmosphere. The coating–pyrolysis process only required one cycle. The graphitization degree increased with carbonization temperature, as shown by X-ray diffraction. However, Raman spectroscopy revealed that defects emerged at high carbonization temperature. Scanning electron microscopy clearly showed the mesoporous carbon layer and macroporous support, a uniform carbon layer with thickness less than 1 µm forming on the support. The obtained carbon membrane shows uniform pores and high mesopore volume. The flux of pure water through the mesoporous carbon membrane was as high as 167 L · m−2 · h−1 · bar−1. The molecular weight cutoff of this membrane was...

In the presence of an easily prepared supported ruthenium hydroxide catalyst, Ru(OH)(x)/Al(2)O(3), various kinds of structurally diverse primary azides including benzylic, allylic, and aliphatic ones could be converted into the corresponding nitriles in moderate to high yields (13 examples, 65-94% yields). The gram-scale (1 g) transformation of benzyl azide efficiently proceeded to give benzonitrile (0.7 g, 90% yield) without any decrease in the performance in comparison with the small-scale (0.5 mmol) transformation. The catalysis was truly heterogeneous, and the retrieved catalyst could be reused for the transformation of benzyl azide without an appreciable loss of its high performance. The present transformation of primary azides to nitriles likely proceeds via sequential reactions of imide formation, followed by dehydrogenation (β-elimination) to produce the corresponding nitriles. The Ru(OH)(x)/Al(2)O(3) catalyst could be further employed for synthesis of amides in water through the transformation of primary azides (benzylic and aliphatic ones) to nitriles, followed by sequent hydration of the nitriles formed. Additionally, direct one-pot synthesis from alkyl halides and TBAN(3) (TBA = tetra-n-butylammonium) could be realized with Ru(OH)(x)/Al(2)O(3), giving the corresponding nitriles in moderate to high yields (10 examples, 64-84% yields).

Bimetallic Au/Pd nanoparticles were prepared and used to catalyze oxidation of alcohols in the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/CO2 biphasic system using O2 as the oxidant without adding any base. The catalytic activity of Au/Pd bimetal with different mole ratios was studied using benzyl alcohol as the substrate. It was found that bimetallic Au/Pd nanoparticles with Au:Pd=1:3.5 had higher catalytic activity than monometallic Au, Pd and the bimetallic Au/Pd nanoparticles with other molar ratios. The effect of CO2 pressure on the oxidation of benzyl alcohol and 1-phenylethanol in PEG/CO2 was investigated. It was demonstrated that CO2 pressure could be used to tune the conversion and selectivity of the reactions effectively. α,β,-Unsaturated alcohols were also studied and found to be more reactive than benzyl alcohol and 1-phenylethanol. Recycling experiments showed that the Au/Pd/PEG/CO2 catalytic system could be recycled at least four times without reducing the activity. In addition, the catalytic system is clean and the products can be separated easily.