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Considering the simple preparation of biochar and the excellent activation performance of cobalt ferrate material, a biochar supported cobalt ferrate composite was synthesized by a solvothermal method.

Plant protection UAVs are becoming the preferred plant protection method for agricultural pest control. At present, the evaluation of droplet distribution in aerial spraying is collected and evaluated after the completion of prevention and control operations, and there is a lack of real-time evaluation methods. Based on the flight parameter during the UAV plant protection process, real-time estimation of droplet distribution is the key to solving this problem and further improving the effectiveness of aerial spraying. This study proposes a merging algorithm for arbitrary polygonal regions, meshing the boundaries of the region, divide the mesh segments based on the overlapping meshes between the two regions, and connect the valid mesh connection segments of the two regions according to certain rules to obtain the intersection, union, and residual operation results between the regions. Afterwards, software based on this algorithm was developed and applied to generate spraying coverage regions, leakage spray regions, and repeated spray regions. The experimental results on theoretical and irregular routes show that the algorithm can accurately generate droplet distribution regions. The error of the calculation results with a mesh scale of 0.05 m is within 7‰, and the operating speed is above 30 Hz, meeting the real-time requirements. The smaller the mesh scale is, the higher the accuracy of the calculation results is, but the slower the calculation speed. Therefore, in practical applications, it is necessary to choose an appropriate mesh scale based on hardware computing power and accuracy level requirements. This study solves the problem of cumulative calculation of droplet distribution during the operation of plant protection UAVs, providing a basis for objectively evaluating the operation quality of plant protection UAVs and optimizing the setting of operation parameters.

venetoclax (VEN) and Azacitidine (AZA) combination have shown improved survival and excellent responses in patients with untreated Acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, frequent dose reduction (or discontinuation) occurred due to therapy-related toxicity and may limit triplet combination tolerance. This study retrospectively analyzed the characteristics and outcomes of newly diagnosed AML patients who received 100mg VEN for 14 days combined with AZA at our institution. Overall, 36 patients were enrolled, the median age at diagnosis was 64 years; after a median follow-up of 15(range 4–29) months, median overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) for the total cohort were 17 (4–29) months and 12 (1–28) months, and for patients achieving composite complete remission (CRc) were not reached. Overall response rate (ORR) was 69.4% and CRc rate were 66.7% for the total cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed that NPM1 mutations and FAB-M5 were associated higher response rates, while adverse ELN risk group predicted inferior response. ASXL1, NPM1 and IDH1/2 mutation was statistically significant impact the PFS duration. The most common adverse events were hematological, with grade 3 or 4 neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia reported in 36%, 25%, 44% of patients, respectively. In summary, the VEN combination regimen remains effective for newly diagnosed AML in the real world despite VEN dose reductions.

Nano-TiO2 is widely used as a commercial food contact material (FCM), which poses potential risks to food. Therefore, the migration of TiO2 is crucial for the safety of FCM. Since PET/TiO2 composite films are food contact layers used for producing polymer-laminated steel cans and the majority of beverages contained in cans are acidic, it is necessary to study the migration of TiO2 from PET/TiO2 composite films in acidic solutions. The migration of TiO2 in 4% (v/v) acetic acid was studied through the ICP-OES method. The corrosion process that occurred during the migration process was studied using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The morphology of Ti nanoparticles and films was measured by SEM, TEM, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) techniques. The results indicate that, at a temperature of 60 °C, the maximum migration concentration of TiO2 is 0.32 mg/kg. The TiO2 particles released during the migration process are unstable and tend to aggregate in the simulated material, with most of the Ti being present in the form of particles. Therefore, the migration of TiO2 does not follow the Fick law of diffusion but rather conforms to the Weibull model based on the non-Fick law of diffusion.

The novel coronavirus COVID-19 can be transmitted, for example, by contacting with oral and nasal’s secretions, and traditional mask detection algorithms often fail to distinguish whether masks are worn regularly. In this article, we improve the algorithm network structure based on the improved YOLOV3-tiny algorithm and use the combination of nose detection and mask detection for feature fusion based on the training of massive data sets, which perfectly solves the problem of detecting whether the mask is worn in a normative way. The experiment shows that this system can detect the target of wearing face masks in different scenes with an accuracy rate of over 99%, laying a solid foundation for the detection of wearing face masks normatively.

Autoimmune diseases, where the immune system inappropriately reacts against the body's own components, may be affected by foods. The identification and characterization of the food factors involved is advancing and this information may provide practical solutions to understanding the pathogenesis and nutritional epidemiology of autoimmune diseases.

To define whether or not thalidomide exposure upfront to newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma would adversely impact postrelapse survival (PRS), we performed a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Medline, Embase, the Cochrane controlled trials register and the Science Citation Index were searched. Thirteen trials were identified, covering a total of 6097 subjects, and PRS data were available from eight trials. The summary hazard ratio (thalidomide vs control) of all those trials for PRS was 1.23 [95% CI, 1.05-1.45]. The HRs of thalidomide maintenance subgroups were 0.90 [0.57-1.41] for PRS, 0.61 [0.44-0.83] for progression-free survival (PFS) and 0.54 [0.36-0.80] for overall survival, respectively. The corresponding ratios of thalidomide induction and maintenance subgroups were 1.41 [1.13-1.76] for PRS, 0.68 [0.59-0.79] for PFS and 0.87 [0.73-1.04] for overall survival, respectively. In conclusion, thalidomide exposed upfront correlated with shorter PRS that partially compensated for prolonged initially PFS and resulted in no survival benefit when it is given as both induction pre-autologous and maintenance post-autologous stem cell transplantation; shorter PRS was not observed, and survival was improved when it is given only during maintenance phase following autologous stem cell transplantation in the patients with myeloma and who are eligible for transplant.

Our previous studies showed atrophy of brown adipose tissue (BAT) in capsaicin-desensitized rats during the period 11-28 days after injections [Cui et al., Am. J. Physiol. 259 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 28): R324-R332, 1990]. The objective of the present studies was to assess the rapidity with which the atrophy occurred and the extent to which recovery had occurred by 8 wk. Rats, either vehicle-injected controls or capsaicin injected, were studied 1, 3, 14, 28, and 52 days after the last injection. BAT was markedly atrophied at 1 day, having less total protein, fewer mitochondria (less total cytochrome oxidase and total uncoupling protein), and fewer cells (less DNA). Atrophy persisted for up to 14 days but had largely disappeared by 28-52 days. A transient reduction in body weight gain and white epididymal adipose tissue weight had also reversed by 28-52 days. We suggest that the rapid atrophy of BAT after capsaicin desensitization is secondary to the loss of sensory neuropeptides in its sensory nerves, neuropeptides that either exert a trophic effect on synthesis of mitochondria or an inhibitory influence on processes that promote degradation of mitochondria. The retardation of the normal age-associated increase in DNA content of BAT in the capsaicin-desensitized rat suggests that sensory neuropeptides might also modulate cell proliferation.

Previous studies showed that atrophy of brown adipose tissue (BAT) of capsaicin-desensitized rats occurs rapidly and persists for up to 28 days. The rats do not, however, become any more obese than control rats, despite the frequent association of atrophied BAT with obesity. The objective of the present study was to assess longer-term effects of capsaicin desensitization on BAT and on energy balance. Rats were studied at 2.5, 3.5, and 8 mo after treatment. Major effects at 8 mo, mostly seen to a lesser extent at 3.5 mo but not at 2.5 mo, were a marked reduction in body weight that was largely attributable to a reduction in body fat but also to some stunting of growth and an atrophy or lack of growth of BAT (reduced weight and content of protein, DNA, cytochrome oxidase, and uncoupling protein). Resting metabolic rates and food intake at 8 mo were reduced in proportion to the smaller body size. We suggest that the lack of trophic influence of sensory neuropeptides on BAT proposed previously may extend to other organs, including white adipose tissue, and contribute to the reduced adiposity and the smaller body size of capsaicin-desensitized rats.

Interscapular brown adipose tissue (BAT) of capsaicin-desensitized (Cap-Des) rats is atrophied, having a lower wet weight, a reduced total protein content, and as little as 10% of the normal content of uncoupling protein (UCP). Because the mitochondrial concentration of UCP, relative to other mitochondrial proteins, is not altered in Cap-Des rats, it is concluded that most of the mitochondria of BAT of Cap-Des rats have been lost. Consistent with this interpretation is a reduction of almost 40% of the overall thermogenic response to infused norepinephrine by anesthetized Cap-Des rats. Feeding a palatable diet had a delayed thermogenic effect and no trophic effect on BAT of Cap-Des rats. Food selection and intake were normal in Cap-Des rats, and diet-induced weight gain was the same as in control rats. Exposure of Cap-Des rats to cold for 1 or 7 days exerted a normal thermogenic effect on BAT but a delayed trophic effect. The cold-induced increase in thyroxine 5'-deiodinase in BAT occurred normally. Cap-Des rats were hypothermic at 1 day but normothermic by 7 days of cold exposure. The concentration of thyroid hormones in their blood was normal. It is suggested that the depletion of sensory neuropeptides in BAT presumed to be brought about by Cap-Des results either in loss of a trophic influence on mitochondriogenesis in BAT or in lack of an inhibitory influence on mitochondrial breakdown in BAT and leads to atrophy of BAT in rats living at 26 degrees C and an impaired response to stimulation by diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

The thermogenic function and growth of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are known to be primarily under the control of the sympathetic nervous system. However, BAT also contains nerves containing neuropeptides such as substance P (SP) and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) that are presumed to be sensory nerves. In a previous study we demonstrated an atrophy of BAT in capsaicin-desensitized (CAP-DES) rats. CAP-DES is known to bring about long-lasting impairment of a subpopulation of sensory nerves involved in nociception and characterized by the presence of SP and CGRP. The principal objectives of the present experiments were to find out whether CAP-DES of rats depleted BAT of its sensory neuropeptide, CGRP, whether CAP-DES impaired the sympathetic innervation of BAT and whether the atrophy of BAT induced by CAP-DES resembled that induced by sympathetic denervation. CAP-DES rats had a normal noradrenaline content in BAT (measured by HPLC) but absent CGRP (measured by immunohistochemistry). In CAP-DES rats living at 26 degrees C, BAT had lost 90% of its uncoupling protein (UCP) and 50% of its total protein; its thyroxine 5?-deiodinase (T5?D) concentration was, however, unaltered. Surgical denervation, in contrast, which did not abolish CGRP immunofluorescence in BAT, did not significantly reduce protein or UCP content. Cold-acclimation for 12 days produced large increases in protein and UCP content and T5?D level in intact BAT of control rats. These increases still occurred, although to a lower level, in CAP-DES rats but did not occur surgically denervated BAT. The combination of CAP-DES and surgical denervation resulted in an undetectable level of UCP in BAT of cold-acclimated rats, less than in denervated BAT of control cold-acclimated rats. We conclude that sensory nerves play a role in maintenance of BAT in a warm environment and in cold-induced growth of BAT. This role may be either a trophic effect on mitochondriogenesis or a repressive effect on mitochondrial destruction.

The objective was to assess the effect of a new, highly selective beta 3-adrenergic agonist, CL-316,243 (CL) (J. D. Bloom, M. D. Dutia, B. D. Johnson, A. Wissner, M. G. Burns, E. E. Largis, J. A. Dolan, and T. H. Claus., J. Med. Chem. 35: 3081, 1992), on energy balance and brown and white adipose tissues (BAT and WAT, respectively) in young rats eating a high-fat diet to induce obesity. Chronic treatment with CL increased body temperature and 24-h energy expenditure, mainly by increasing resting metabolic rate. Food intake was not altered but carcass fat was reduced. Interscapular BAT was markedly hypertrophied, with three- to fourfold increases in the content of uncoupling protein (UCP) and cytochrome oxidase. Quantitative immunoelectron microscopy of interscapular BAT of CL-treated rats showed smaller mitochondria with an unchanged total amount of UCP per mitochondrion. The relative frequency of the four major cell types in BAT (mature brown adipocytes, preadipocytes, interstitial cells, endothelial cells) was not altered. The CL-induced hypertrophy differed from that induced by chronic stimulation by endogenous norepinephrine (as in cold-adaptation) in absence of hyperplasia (there was a slightly reduced DNA content), absence of an increase in the thyroxine (T4) 5'-deiodinase activity, and absence of a selective increase in UCP concentration. WAT depots weighed less and had fewer cells (lower DNA content) in the CL-treated rats. Some multilocular adipocytes appeared in these normally almost exclusively unilocular WAT depots (mesenteric, inguinal, epididymal, retroperitoneal). We conclude that CL not only promotes BAT mitochondrial proliferation and thermogenesis and overall energy expenditure and leanness, but also retards the development of WAT hyperplasia during the early stage of diet-induced obesity.