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Au NPs effectively harvest light through absorption of light back-reflected from oriented TiO2 mesocrystals supported on Ti foil. The enhanced light absorption facilitates the generation of electron–hole pairs and intensive EM fields that realizes efficient photocatalysis.

Photocatalysis is a promising method for removing atmospheric NO but suffers from unsatisfactory removal efficiency and selectivity. Inorganic lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have been intensely inv...

Converting surplus glycerol into the hydrogen storage material, formic acid, can meet the increasing energy demand, yet its commercial production is hindered by the low efficiency. Herein, a nano-c...

Due to the widespread use of medicine in recent years, antibiotics as the emerging pollutants have been widely detected in the aquatic environment. To address this situation, developing advanced tr...

This study demonstrates a new system for the degradation of emerging pharmaceutical contaminants (e.g., ibuprofen) in water by coupling the naturally occurring ilmenite with hydroxylamine (HA) and persulfate (PS). Ilmenite was able to activate persulfate to generate sulfate radicals (SO4−·) and hydroxyl radicals (HO·). The radical generation was greatly improved by adding small amount of hydroxylamine into the solution, due to the efficient Fe(III)/Fe(II) cycle on the ilmenite surface promoted by HA, which was confirmed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy analysis. SO4−· and HO· contributed comparably to ibuprofen degradation, which was verified by the radical scavenging tests. The degradation was enhanced with increasing ilmenite, PS and HA dosages, but the HA exhibited strong scavenging effect at its high concentrations. The ilmenite/PS/HA process worked well in the real treated wastewater, because the surface-controlled radical generation was less affected by the water matrix. However, the formation of bromate in the bromide-containing water by this process should be concerned. Ibuprofen was partially mineralized, and the degradation products were identified by ESI-tqMS. A radical-induced degradation pathway was proposed based on the product identification. This work provides the mechanistic insights on persulfate activation based on the surface-controlled catalytic processes. It also offers a new strategy to degrade emerging contaminants in water and sheds light on the environmental functions of natural minerals.

With the rapid development of industry, increasing aqueous organic contaminants have entered the water ecosystem, posing threats to humans and aquatic animals worldwide. To protect the water environment, homogeneous and heterogeneous photo-activated persulfate (PS) activation technologies are being intensively investigated for water treatment. Herein, the fundamentals, applications, mechanisms, challenges, and improved strategies of UV-based and photocatalyst-based photo-activated PS-advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are summarized and discussed. Specifically, various photocatalyst-based photo-activated PS-AOPs are divided into Fe-based, TiO2-based, other metal-based, bimetallic, and carbonaceous PS activation systems, the highlights and mechanisms of which are also provided. Accordingly, the objective of this paper is to summarize the achievements, challenges, and prospects in photo-activated PS-AOPs, and to motivate the construction of novel and promising PS-AOPs for water treatment.

V-substituted polymolybdenum phosphoric acid (PVxMo) supported on mesoporous silica was prepared and investigated as a catalyst for the oxidation of glycerol to formic acid in a batch operation. Different synthetic methods for PVxMo supported on mesoporous silica were compared. Detailed characterizations of the final products were carried out by N2 adsorption and desorption, XRD, HR-TEM, SEM, ICP-OES, XANES, NH3-TPD, and FTIR to identify the chemical properties and the porous structure of silica-supported PVxMo, as well as the strong interactions between PVxMo with the silica skeleton. These critical properties explain the bifunctionality of silica-supported PVxMo as a catalyst for the selective oxidation of glycerol to formic acid with standing stability. Keywords: Glycerol, Formic acid, SBA-15, V-substituted heteropoly acid

There are few comprehensive studies on risk measurement and performance evaluation of stock funds in China. This paper uses the ARMA-GARCH family model to analyze the volatility characteristics of equity funds under the t-distribution and Generalized error distribution (GED), and combines CVaR, PM (Second revised sharp ratio) and CVaR-RAROC (Revised RAROC) to comprehensively evaluate equity funds risk and performance. The empirical analysis of five equity funds in China from October 28, 2010 to May 17, 2019 shows that: Comprehensive evaluation of the risk and performance of equity funds can comprehensively and effectively examine the risks and returns of equity funds, helping investors, financial institutions and regulatory agencies to more fully understand the risks and performance of equity funds.

Wave-current interaction and its effects on the hydrodynamic environment in the Beibu Gulf (BG) have been investigated via employing the Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere–Wave–Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system. The model could simulate reasonable hydrodynamics in the BG when validated by various observations. Vigorous tidal currents refract the waves efficiently and make the seas off the west coast of Hainan Island be the hot spot where currents modulate the significant wave height dramatically. During summer, wave-enhanced bottom stress could weaken the near-shore component of the gulf-scale cyclonic-circulation in the BG remarkably, inducing two major corresponding adjustments: Model results reveal that the deep-layer cold water from the southern BG makes critical contribution to maintaining the cold-water mass in the northern BG Basin. However, the weakened background circulation leads to less cold water transported from the southern gulf to the northern gulf, which finally triggers a 0.2°C warming in the cold-water mass area; In the top areas of the BG, the suppressed background circulation reduces the transport of the diluted water to the central gulf. Therefore, more freshwater could be trapped locally, which then triggers lower sea surface salinity (SSS) in the near-field and higher SSS in the far-field.

Lithium metal anodes form a dendritic structure after cycling which causes an internal short circuit in flammable electrolytes and results in battery fires. Today's separators are insufficient for suppressing the formation of lithium dendrites. Herein, we report on the use of mesoporous silica thin films (MSTFs) with perpendicular nanochannels (pore size ∼5 nm) stacking on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane as the MSTF⊥AAO separator for advancing Li metal batteries. The nanoporous MSTF⊥AAO separator with novel inorganic structures shows ultra-long term stability of Li plating/stripping in Li–Li cells at an ultra-high current density and capacity (10 mA cm−2 and 5 mA h cm−2). A significant improvement over the state-of-the-art separator is evaluated based on three performance indicators, e.g. cycle life, current density and capacity. In Li–Cu cells, the MSTF⊥AAO separator shows a coulombic efficiency of >99.9% at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for more than 250 h of cycling. The separator gives improved rate capability in Li–LiFePO4 (LFP) batteries. The excellent performance of the MSTF⊥AAO separator is due to good wetting of electrolytes, straight nanopores with negative charges, uniform Li deposition and blocking the finest dendrite.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) have been found to participate in the development and malignant progression of human cancers by negatively mediating the expression of their target genes. Recently, miR‑33b has been reported to be involved in multiple types of human cancer, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, the underlying regulatory mechanisms of miR‑33b in HCC cell growth and metastasis remain largely unclear. In the present study, RT-qPCR revealed that miR‑33b was significantly downregulated in HCC tissues compared to their matched adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, the miR‑33b level was significantly lower in advanced-stage HCC (stages T3-T4) compared to early-stage HCC (stages T1-T2). Furthermore, it was also downregulated in the HCC cell lines, LH86, HepG2, LMH and PLHC-1, when compared with the THLE-3 normal human liver cells. We further demonstrated that the overexpression of miR‑33b led to a significant decrease in the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 and LH86 cells. Luciferase reporter assay identified Sal-like protein 4 (SALL4) as a target gene of miR‑33b, and its protein expression was negatively regulated by miR‑33b in HepG2 and LH86 cells. Moreover, the restoration of SALL4 expression markedly reversed the inhibitory effect of miR‑33b overexpression on the proliferation, migration and invasion of HepG2 and LH86 cells, indicating that SALL4 is involved in miR‑33b-mediated malignant phenotypes of HCC cells. Furthermore, we found that SALL4 was significantly upregulated in HCC tissues compared to their matched adjacent normal tissues, and its increased expression was significantly associated with the advanced malignancy of HCC. Moreover, SALL4 was also upregulated in HCC cell lines compared to the THLE-3 normal human liver cells. Finally, we found that the SALL4 expression inversely correlated with the miR‑33b level in HCC tissues. On the whole, the findings of our study demonstrate that miR‑33b suppresses the proliferation and metastasis of HCC cells through the inhibition of SALL4 expression. Therefore, miR‑33b/SALL4 may become a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of HCC.

The coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave-sediment transport (COAWST) modeling system is employed to investigate the role of wave-mixing playing in the upwelling off the west coast of Hainan Island (WHU). Waves, tides and sea surface temperature (SST) are reproduced reasonably well by the model when validated by observations. Model results suggest the WHU is tidally driven. Further investigations indicate that inclusion of wave-mixing promotes the intensity of the WHU, making the simulated SST become more consistent with remote-sensed ones. Dynamically, wave-mixing facilitates the “outcrop” of more upwelled cold water, triggering stronger WHU and leading to a three-dimensional dynamical adjustment. From the perspective of time, wave-mixing contributes to establishing an earlier tidal mixing front strong enough to generate WHU and that is, WHU may occur earlier when taking wave-mixing into consideration.

A nature-inspired mesoporous ultrafiltration membrane with unprecedented permeability and high selectivity for selective protein and nanoparticle separations is reported herein. We describe a diato...

Rational design of sustainable, cost-efficient and highly efficient deionization electrodes is crucial for the practical applications of capacitive deionization (CDI). Mycelial pellet-derived nitrogen and sulfur heteroatom co-doped three-dimensional (3D) carbon nanosheets (NSHPC) with a hierarchical porous structure have been facilely fabricated via a simple one-step strategy by utilizing sustainable mycelial pellets as a carbon source, glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent, zinc chloride as a pore forming agent, and thiourea as a heteroatom supplier. The obtained biomass-derived NSHPC nanosheets, with interconnected hierarchical macro-meso-micropores and a lamellar structure, exhibit outstanding CDI performance with an electrosorption capacity of 18.71 mg g−1 in 500 mg L−1 NaCl solution and a high reversibility (stable up to 10 cycles). The performance of NSHPC significantly surpasses that of the bulk mycelial pellet-derived carbon without activation and modification. The efficient CDI performance of NSHPC can be attributed to its unique features, including the 3D network structure formed by bundled nanosheets to provide multi-dimensional ion diffusion pathways and interlayer ion storage, the hierarchical pores to assist efficient ion diffusion and capture, the surface functional groups derived from mycelial pellets, and the hydrophilicity contributed by the heteroatom co-doping. The design of NSHPC nanosheets paves an avenue for developing efficient sustainable materials for CDI applications.

Taking the CSI 500 stock index futures as the research object, the regression model of dummy variables of five indicators, including high-frequency return rate, volume change rate and near and far month contract price, was established. Then test whether these five indicators are affected by intraday effect and carry out statistical arbitrage based on intraday effect of spread. The empirical results show that the CSI 500 stock index futures have obvious intraday price fluctuations within 15 minutes of opening, and the intraday effect of the near-month contract is more significant than the far-month contract. The arbitrage strategy based on the intraday effect of spreading all the sample of both inside and outside can achieve higher success rate and yield, which is suitable for the short-term arbitrage. In actual trading, given the known probability of intraday profit, the intraday arbitrage method can provide reference for trading operation and risk aversion, so as to avoid losses caused by missed arbitrage opportunities.

A novel process for S-VOCs degradation using wet scrubbing coupled with catalytic ozonation was developed for first time. We report redox-robust catalysts consisting of Ag(0)/Ag(I) species decorated rambutan-like MnO2 hollow microspheres (Ag/R-MnO2) with strong metal-metal oxide interaction (MMOI) exhibited superior catalytic ozonation performance for CH3SH elimination. The optimum Ag/R-MnO2 reached a significant improvement in CH3SH elimination of 96.9% conversion over pristine R-MnO2 under GHSV of 75,000 mL h−1 g−1, and O3 utilization rate of 92.3%. An outstanding stability of Ag/R-MnO2 under wet catalytic ozonation process was demonstrated, which outperformed that in gaseous system. CH3SH was captured by aqueous solution and preferentially chemisorbed on Ag, then deeply oxidized to the final products of SO42-/CO32- via catalytic ozonation by multivalent R-MnO2. The excellent performance can be ascribed to efficient electron replenishing interaction between Ag(0)/Ag(I) and multivalent R-MnO2, efficient O3 activation through oxygen vacancies-rich R-MnO2, and enhanced mass diffusion in wet scrubbing process.

Persulfate-based advanced oxidation processes (PS-based AOPs) under UV, visible, or solar irradiation are being intensively investigated for water treatment. Tremendous advances have been made for enhancing the performance towards the destruction of target pollutants, but a deeper understanding of the role of light in different photo-activated PS-based AOPs is still needed as a basis for improving the efficiency. This paper intends to provide an in-depth review of the underlying photo-activation mechanisms and recent progress in various common photo-activated PS-based AOPs reported over the last decade. Based on a comprehensive survey of previous studies, we categorize these processes according to their reaction mechanisms, including activation by direct UV radiation, processes based on dye-photosensitization, activation through ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT), and photocatalytic processes. Moreover, the improvement in performance of contaminant degradation in these processes compared with those in the absence of light are summarized. Finally, we conclude this review by proposing critical challenges and future perspectives for developing efficient photo-activated PS-based AOPs toward improvement in water treatment and remediation.

In this paper, a two dimensional/two dimensional (2D/2D) heterostructure of Ti

We report on our use of a thin-layered vertical mesoporous silica thin film (MSTF) with tunable pore size overlaid on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane for advancing water purification. The features of ultrathin thickness (about 20 nm), a uniform vertical pore orientation, low tortuosity, high porosity, and a hydrophilic surface endow the MSTF membranes with ultrahigh water permeability compared with that of state-of-the-art membranes. The modified E-MSTF membrane with a small pore diameter of 2.1 ± 0.1 nm demonstrates superior nanofiltration performance for dye molecules with a cutoff of 520 Da and ultrahigh water permeability of 310 ± 8 L m

A facile, cost-effective approach to obtain sensor electrode materials with excellent electrochemical performance for sensitive and fast detection of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) is of great importance to the environment and human health. Herein, a smart strategy was proposed for fabrication of nitrogen-doped hierarchical porous carbon (NPC) material with large surface area and unique hierarchical porous structure derived from conveniently available carbohydrates via a facile process. NPC combined with chitosan (CTS) was used to modify an indium-tin oxide (ITO) electrode, referred to as a CTS/NPC/ITO electrode, in which CTS acted as dispersant and immobilization reagent. On the basis of the optimum conditions, 4-NP was successfully deposited on a CTS/NPC/ITO electrode and the cathodic deposit of 4-NP showed reversible characteristics in a potential range between −0.22 and −0.00 V as well as high ionic-electronic conductivity. Moreover, the electrochemical reaction kinetics and mechanism of 4-NP were explored in d...

In this study, Ag deposited three-dimensional MnO2 porous hollow microspheres (Ag/MnO2 PHMSs) with high dispersion of the atom level Ag species are first prepared by a novel method of redox precipitation. Due to the highly efficient utilization of downsized Ag nanoparticles, the optimal 0.3% Ag/MnO2 PHMSs can completely degrade 70 ppm CH3SH within 600 s, much higher than that of MnO2 PHMSs (79%). Additionally, the catalyst retains long-term stability and can be regenerated to its initial activity through regeneration with ethanol and HCl. The results of characterization of Ag/MnO2 PHMSs and catalytic performance tests clearly demonstrate that the proper amount of Ag incorporation not only facilitates the chemi-adsorption but also induces more formation of vacancy oxygen (Ov) and lattice oxygen (OL) in MnO2 as well as Ag species as activation sites to collectively favor the catalytic ozonation of CH3SH. Ag/MnO2 PHMSs can efficiently transform CH3SH into CH3SAg/CH3S-SCH3 and then oxidize them into SO42– and...

Imines are important intermediates for the synthesis of fine chemicals and pharmaceuticals. Design of a “green” oxidation catalyst to promote the direct oxidation of amines to imines by dioxygen have attracted great attention. Herein, we designed a catalyst of ordered mesoporous Au/M-TiO2 nanoparticles using a template-based approach. The as-prepared Au/M-TiO2 nanoarrays of anatase crystalline structure, with high specific surface area (222 m2/g), small pore size (∼2.1 nm) and ordered arrangements, gave dense array of ultrasmall pore-confined gold nanoparticles. The mesoporous Au/M-TiO2 exhibits particularly high visible light activity for photocatalytic selective aerobic oxidation of benzylamine to N-benzylidene benzylamine in a green approach by utilizing dioxygen as an oxidant in solvent-free conditions. The yield of N-benzylidene benzylamine can reach 1.73 mmol (TOF = 178.6 h−1, based on Au) in Au/M-TiO2 system, which is 1.5 and 1.6 times higher than that of the Au/P25 and Au/Acros anatase photocatalysts, respectively. Furthermore, we can also achieve high yield of N-benzylidene benzylamine (1.30 mmol, TOF = 134.2 h−1, based on Au) in air atmosphere. The confinement effect of the mesopores in Au/M-TiO2 facilitate the formation of O2− radicals and make the bi-molecular reaction highly preferred for promoting the high selectivity and conversion in plasmonic photocatalysis. Meanwhile, the Au/M-TiO2 with mesoporous structure can facilitate the efficient contact between the solvent and the nanomaterial, while possessing sufficient interfacial area for active oxidation reactions. This work paves a promising way to develop visible light-responsive TiO2-based photocatalysts with high specific surface area for highly efficient green oxidative organic synthesis.

Nanostructured TiO2 has applications in solar cells, photocatalysts, and fast-charging, safe lithium ion batteries (LIBs). To meet the demand of high-capacity and high-rate LIBs with TiO2-based anodes, it is important to fine-tune the nanoarchitecture using a well-controlled synthesis approach. Herein, we report a new approach that involves epitaxial growth combined with topotactic conversion to synthesize a unique type of 3D TiO2 nanoarchitecture that is assembled by well-oriented ultrathin nanobelts. The whole nanoarchitecture displays a 3D Chinese knot-like morphology; the core consists of robust perpendicular interwoven nanobelts and the shell is made of extended nanobelts. The nanobelts oriented in three perpendicular [001]A directions facilitate Li+ penetration and diffusion. Abundant anatase/TiO2-B interfaces provide a large amount of interfacial pseudocapacitance. A high and stable capacity of 130 mA·h·g−1 was obtained after 3,000 cycles at 10 A·g−1 (50 C), and the high-rate property of our material was greater than that of many recently reported high-rate TiO2 anodes. Our result provides, not only a novel synthesis strategy, but also a new type of 3D anatase TiO2 anode that may be useful in developing long-lasting and fast-charging batteries.

Hierarchical porous sludge-derived activated carbon coated on macroporous silicon carbide (SiC) foams substrate has been facilely fabricated via a simple one-step strategy by utilizing sludge as carbon source, and jointly using zinc chloride and hexadecanol as pore forming agents. The sludge-derived carbon has been confirmed to be hierarchical macro-meso-microporous structure based on detailed characterization by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra and nitrogen adsorption-desorption measurement. The adsorption tests showed that the hierarchical porous sludge-derived activated carbon fabricated by one-step pore-forming (zinc chloride and hexadecanol microemulsion mixture) possesses excellent adsorption capacity (259.9mgg-1, breakthrough time reach 90min and saturation end-time up to 140min) of methyl mercaptan (CH3SH). The excellent adsorption performance can be attributed to the macroporous SiC foam skeleton and the mesopores channel formed by nonionic surfactant hexadecanol micelles, as well as the micropores activated by ZnCl2 as odor capture sites. The proposed pore-forming strategy paves an avenue for the sludge disposal and even the development of bio-derived materials.

Owing to its excellent chemical stability and low cost, titanium dioxide (TiO2) has been widely studied as a photoanode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. However, TiO2's practical applications in solar energy-to-synthetic fuel conversion processes have been constrained by its inherently poor ability to transport photogenerated electrons and holes. In this paper, we report Ta-doped porous TiO2 nanorod arrays on Ta foil (Ta-PTNA) that do not possess this issue and that can thus efficiently photoelectrocatalyze water oxidation, helping the production of H2 (a clean fuel) from water at the expense of solar light. The materials are synthesized by a new, facile synthetic approach involving the hydrothermal treatment of a TiO2 precursor with Ta foil, without seeds and templates, and followed by calcination of the product. Besides serving as a source of Ta dopant atoms, Ta foil is found to play a vital role in the formation of nanopores in the materials. The material obtained with hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C for 10 h (Ta-PTNA-10), in particular, affords very large photocurrent density and very high photoconversion efficiency (0.32% at 0.79 V vs. RHE, which is better than those of many previously reported photocatalysts and ∼4 times larger than that of undoped TiO2 nanorod arrays). Ta-PTNAs’ remarkable PEC catalytic performance is found to be due to their nanoporous structure and high electronic conductivity.

Direct Z-scheme catalysts have become main “stars” of the photocatalytic field because of their excellent redox ability. Herein, a direct Z-scheme catalyst of TiO2(P25)-C3N5 with enhanced structural defects was designed, which exhibited excellent activity and durability in visible-light-driven (λ > 400 nm) NO photooxidation (450 ppb) under the relative humidity (RH) of 15 %. After 6 continuous runs, the NO removal efficiency only shows 7.0 % of loss from 67.1 %–60.1 %, while that using TiO2 and C3N5 declines 29.2 % and 5.1 %, respectively. In situ NO DRIFTS results confirm the main products of NO photooxidation in the system involving TiO2-C3N5 to be NO2 and NO3−. Moreover, under the higher RH of 50 % and 80 %, TiO2-C3N5 still exhibited the better activity and ndurability for NO photooxidation than P25 and C3N5. This work demonstrates a new direct Z-scheme catalyst with efficient NO photooxidation ability, which may help for constructing high-efficiency photocatalysts for controlling NOx.

Solar photocatalysis is a clean and sustainable approach for removing atmospheric NO, but suffers from unsatisfactory removal efficiency. Efficient charge separation and surface reaction are critical factors ensuring the efficiency of solar energy conversion by photocatalysts. To achieve efficient charge steering and an enhanced surface reaction, we synthesized a bicomponent photocatalyst consisting of multivalent Ag species embedded in defect-rich twin-brush ZnO (Ag/TB-ZnO) with strong metal-support interaction (SMSI). The optimum Ag/TB-ZnO with silver loading of 2.0 wt.% achieved NO oxidation efficiency of 71.0% under a GHSV of 1,200,000 mL h−1 g−1, and NO3− selectivity of 94.8%. Outstanding stability of up to 4 h was demonstrated. This superior performance was attributed to the enhanced efficacy of charge separation and surface reaction by the SMSI effect, surface plasmon resonance effect of metallic Ag and the efficient activation of oxygen species through vacancy-rich TB-ZnO.

In this study, a thin membrane with vertically aligned mesoporous silica nanochannels was modified with long silane group molecules (E-MSTF-LTA) supported on an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) for organic solvent nanofiltration (OSN). The ultrathin thickness, low tortuosity, ordered vertical channels and super-organophilic surface of E-MSTF-LTA endow it with an ultrahigh ethanol permeance (110 LMH/bar) over current state-of-the-art OSN membranes and a high acetone permeance of 360 LMH/bar. Furthermore, a 99% rejection of Evans blue (EB) was demonstrated, and a cut-off of approximately 660 Da was achieved. Besides, the modified Hagen-Poiseuille (HP) equation was applied to evaluate the theoretical permeance, which is consistent with the experimental results. To explore in depth the underlying principle behind the OSN performance of the vertically aligned E-MSTF-LTA membrane, the parameters, including the solvent viscosity, total Hansen solubility, solvent diameter, and solvent polarity were introduced to evaluate their influence on the permeance, while for solute transport behavior, the impact of the size exclusion effect on the solute rejection rate was examined. The results show that the viscosity is the critical factor for determining the solvent permeation, while the size exclusion effect dominates solute rejection. These findings open up a way to design next-generation vertically aligned OSN membranes and shed light on the OSN performance, both empirically and theoretically, using this system.

Mechanically stable titanium dioxide (TiO2) with the abilities of rapidly storing and releasing Li+ can be potentially applied in electric and hybrid electric vehicles, due to its ability to enhance the stability and safety, as well as the high current performance, of lithium ion batteries (LIBs). Herein, we rationally and facilely synthesized oriented anatase TiO2 nanoarrays (OATNs) from the NH4TiOF3 mesocrystal precursor through topotactic conversion and in situ epitaxial growth under moderate conditions. This study proves that the crystallization, porous structure, and orientation of OATNs are controllable, which affect the electronic and electrochemical properties and the Li+ diffusion coefficient. The optimal OATNs formed by hydrothermally treating NH4TiOF3 mesocrystals with an H3BO3 aqueous solution for 10 h (OATNs-10) delivered a high capacity of ca. 115 mA h g−1 at a current density of 50 C (170 mA g−1 of 1 C) even after continuous 2000 cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of ca. 100%. This indicates a high current rate performance and excellent stability. The unique properties of OATNs-10 make them a promising candidate for practical applications in LIBs.

Transition metal oxides caused much attention owing to the scientific interests and potential applications in energy storage systems. In this study, a free-standing three-dimensional (3D) chestnut-like TiO2@α-Fe2O3 core–shell nanostructure (TFN) is rationally synthesized and utilized as a carbon-free electrode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Two new interfaces between anatase TiO2 and α-Fe2O3 are observed and supposed to provide synergistic effect. The TiO2 microsphere framework significantly improves the mechanical stability, while the α-Fe2O3 provides large capacity. The abundant boundary structures offer the possibility for interfacial lithium storage and electron transport. The as-prepared TFN delivers a high capacity of 820 mAh g–1 even after 1000 continuous cycles with a Coulombic efficiency of ca. 99% at a current of 500 mA g–1, which is better than the works reported previously. A thin gel-like SEI (solid electrolyte interphase) film and Fe0 phase yielded during charge/discharge cycling have bee...

With the aim to better direct the design, implementation, and decision making in the security and stability system of renewable resource cluster, the efficiency function and coefficients of Security and stability control system (SSCS) were defined. Combined with the distribution function of the primary energy of SSCS, the system risk was analyzed quantitatively based on the Monte Carlo simulation. The SSCS of one 330 kV substation was used to verify the proposed model and methods; it was utilized in the analysis of the influences of risk evaluation result and generation shedding strategies, renewable resources scale, stability control threshold value, reliability parameters, and economic parameters.

In this paper, we study distance one surgeries between lens spaces $L(p,1)$ with $p \geq 5$ prime and lens spaces $L(n,1)$ for $n \in \mathbb{Z}$ and band surgeries from $T(2,p)$ to $T(2,n)$. In particular, we prove that $L(n,1)$ is obtained by a distance one surgery from $L(5,1)$ only if $n=\pm 1$, $4$, $\pm 5$, $6$ or $\pm 9$, and $L(n,1)$ is obtained by a distance one surgery from $L(7,1)$ if and only if $n=\pm 1$, $3$, $6$, $7$, $8$ or $11$., 32 pages, 13 figures