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The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda, has become a worldwide pest and threatens world food production. A previous study indicated that azadirachtin, the most effective botanical insecticide for S. frugiperda, inhibits larval growth of the insect. The effect of azadirachtin on the tissues of the larvae, however, remains to be determined. In this study, the effects of azadirachtin on the structure of fat bodies were analyzed. Comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted between controls and samples treated with 0.1 μg/g azadirachtin for 7 days to explore potential relevant mechanisms. The expression of 5356 genes was significantly affected after azadirachtin treatment, with 3020 up-regulated and 2336 down-regulated. Among them, 137 encode detoxification enzymes, including 53 P450s, 20 GSTs, 27 CarEs, 16 UGTs, and 12 ABC transporters. Our results indicated that azadirachtin could destroy fat body structure and change the mRNA levels of detoxification-related genes. The up-regulated genes encoding detoxification enzymes might be related to detoxifying azadirachtin. Our results elucidate a preliminary mechanism of azadirachtin detoxification in the fat bodies of S. frugiperda larvae.

Objective To use the service quality gap model to analyze the information communication service in perioperative period and formulate management measures to improve the experience for surgery patients in perioperative period. Method 114 families of level 3 and level 4 elective surgical patients in a Grade-A Tertiary Hospital from January to March in 2022 were analyzed by cross-sectional cluster sampling. The assessment scale of the information communication service in perioperative period, which involved 5 dimensions and 22 items in total, was made by referring to the model framework and combining the positioning and characteristics of operating theatre service. The expectation scale was distributed 1 day prior to surgery, and the perception scale was distributed 1 day after operation. The gap between the expected and perceived service quality was analyzed, classified and ranked, the multi-factor analysis method was used to determine the effect of patients’ general state on patients’ perceived service, and the service quality gap model was also used to analyze the survey result to determine the demand attributes. Result The perception level of family-centered information communication service in perioperative period is (6.23±0.32), the mean of expectation is (6.72±0.30), and the score difference is significant statistically (P＜0.05); the average SQ of 5 dimensions is ranked as follows: responsiveness, assurance, tangibility, reliability, empathy; age, times of medical treatment and self-care ability are all factors that affect nursing service. Conclusion: The service quality gap model is a method of service quality evaluation from the perspective of patients’ families. The application of the model to the analysis of service subject’s expectations and actual feelings can be used to help managers to find out the root that results in quality problems and look for the proper measures with pertinence that eliminate the gap.

Spodoptera frugiperda is a serious threat to global food production. Our previous study demonstrated that Camptothecin (CPT), a bioactive secondary metabolite from Camptotheca acuminata (Decne: Nyssaceae), exhibits adverse impact on the larval midgut of S. frugiperda and inhibits insect growth. However, effects of CPT on fat bodies of S. frugiperda larvae have not been examined yet. In the present study, we found that histological structures of fat bodies of S. frugiperda larvae were damaged in insects treated with CPT. Comparative transcriptomic analyses among different fat body samples from controls and insects treated with 1.0 and 5.0 μg/g CPT were performed. A total of 4212 and 5044 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in the samples treated with 1.0 and 5.0 μg/g CPT, respectively. Our data indicated that the pathways of detoxification, immune response, fatty acids, chitin, and hormone biosynthesis in fat bodies were affected by CPT treatments based on DEGs. These results provided a comprehensive view of the damage and gene expression changes in fat bodies of S. frugiperda after CPT exposure, which shall be useful to reveal the mechanism of CPT toxicity against S. frugiperda in future.

Objective: Scott Triggers is designed to identify potential surgical patients at risk for development of pressure injuries. But it has not been validated for sensitivity and positive predictive value to date. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Scott Triggers for the gastrointestinal surgery patients in China. Methods: 447 gastrointestinal surgery patients were enrolled by convenience sampling and investigated by Scott Triggers from March to November 2019. Results: 8 patients (1.780%) develop pressure injuries. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.701 and the interrater reliability was 0.915. The content validity of each item of Scott Triggers ranged from 0.667 to 1.0 and the content validity of the whole scale was 0.832, which showed a significant positive relationship and good internal consistent validity. The accumulative variance contribution ratio of common factor was 53.194%. Pearson correlation between Scott Triggers and 3S intraoperative risk assessment scale was −0.708 (P

Background This study aims to explore the information chain management model of large instrument and equipment inter-working in the operating room (OR) led by information nurses. Methods Through the chain management process of large instruments and equipment in the OR, which was based on information nurses, the management model of inter-working and integrating information chain was established, the key links were controlled, and the whole life cycle management of instruments and equipment from expected procurement to scrapping treatment was realized. Using the cluster sampling method, 1562 surgical patients were selected. Among these patients, 749 patients were assigned to the control group before the running mode, and 813 patients were assigned to the observation group after the running mode. The related indexes for large instrument and equipment management in the department before and after the running mode were compared. Results In the observation group, the average time of equipment registration was (22.05 ± 2.36), the cost was reduced by 2220 yuan/year, and the satisfaction rate of the nursing staff was 97.62%. These were significantly better, when compared to the control group (P P Conclusion The integrated management model of large instrument and equipment interworking in the OR based on chain flow realizes the whole life cycle management of instruments and equipment, which is essential to improve management efficiency.

The absorption spectra of acetylene molecules was measured under jet-cooled conditions in the wavelength range of 142.8152.3 nm, with a tunable and highly resolved vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) laser generated by two-photon resonant four wave difference frequency mixing processes. Due to the sufficient vibrational and rotational cooling effect of the molecular beam and the higher resolution VUV laser, the observed absorption spectra exhibit more distinct spectral features than the previous works measured at room temperature. The major three vibrational bands are assigned as a C-C symmetry stretching vibrational progress (u2 = 02) of the C1 IIu state of acetylene. The observed shoulder peak at 148.2 nm is assigned to the first overtone band of the trans-bending mode u4 of the C1 IIustate of acetylene. Additionally, the two components, 4o2(1IIu) and 4o2(1 IIuare suggested to exhibit in the present absorption spectra, due to their RennerTeller effect and transition selection rule. All band origins and bandwidths ...

Along with the aging process, the number of elders with dementia in China is increasing rapidly. However, both the facilities constructed and policies made for them as well as the relevant research and explanation are almost blank so far. Focused on their special physical and psychological status and living demands, this paper proposes corresponding design strategies respectively on environmental atmosphere, care conditions, safety assurance and communication space based on the analysis and summary of relevant cases of residential environment for the aged at home and abroad. Finally a construction model of residential space environment for elders with dementia, which is applicable to the current situation of China, is established and it can be summarized as family-based type(positioning), small group (scale), circle-type road (path), and layered care system (layout).

The reaction mechanism between atomic oxygen radical anion and benzene has been investigated using the density functional theory (DFT). Geometries of the reactants, products, complexes, and transition states involved have been optimized at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d, p) level, and their vibrational frequencies and zero-point energies (ZPEs) have been calculated subsequently at the same level. The multichannel pathways, e.g., the H atom abstraction, oxide ion formation, H2+ transfer, and proton transfer, are confirmed by the calculated potential energy surface of this reaction. Based on the G2MP2 energies, a reasonable description has been proposed qualitatively to explain the inconsistency of previous experimental conclusions.

The properties of the lowest excited triplet states of quinoxaline derivatives 2,3-dimethylquinoxaline (DMQ) and 2,3,6,7-tetramethylquinoxaline (TMQ) in acetonitrile have been investigated by using time-resolved laser flash photolysis at 266 nm. The transient absorption spectra and the self-quenching rate constants (ksq) of the excited sensitizers have been obtained. The excited triplet states of DMQ and TMQ are efficiently quenched by some electron-poor alkenes, such as fumaronitrile (FN), dimethyl fumarate (DMF), diethyl fumarate (DEF), α-acetoxyacrylonitrile (AAN), acrylonitrile (AN) and crotononitrile (CrN). Obtained kq values decrease significantly from FN (2.50 × 109 M−1 s−1) to CrN (1.70 × 105 M−1 s−1) with DMQ and from FN (1.77 × 109 M−1 s−1) to CrN (1.20 × 105 M−1 s−1) with TMQ, which are in accordance with the reduction potential (Ered) and electron cloud density of these electron-poor alkenes. Plots of log kq versus free energy change ΔGct for different alkenes are linear and yield slopes −2.75 eV−1 for DMQ, −2.69 eV−1 for TMQ and −2.99 eV−1 for DMN in the endergonic region (ΔGct > 0). These shallower slopes indicate processes involving only partial charge transfer. The failure to detect the ion radicals also supports that triplet exciplex is formed during the processes. In addition, the electronic effects of ortho-substituents are estimated according to the good linear relation between log kq and Hammett σ constant.

Collisional removal of the (0,00,0) level of the A 2 Σ + state of the NCO radical has been studied at room temperature (298 K). NCO radicals were produced by laser photolysis of CHBr3 at 266 nm followed by the reaction of CH with N2O, then electronically excited with Nd:YAG laser pumped dye laser. The quenching rate coefficients kq and thermally averaged cross-sections σq were determined by the pressure dependence of the time-resolved fluorescence. Colliders investigated are Ar, N2, O2, CO, NO, N2O, CO2, SO2, H2O and photochemical precursor CHBr3. The quenching rates increase on the whole with the increasing of polarities of the colliders. By comparison with the formation cross-sections of complexes calculated by means of a collision complex model, it is believed that the attractive forces play main roles in the collision quenching processes of NCO ( A 2 Σ + ) by the quenchers studied in this work.

The probable reaction mechanism for the reaction of excited nitrogen atom and chloromethane has been studied using the G2MP2 method. Based on the calculated reaction processes, the excited nitrogen atom will insert into the CCl bond firstly to form the intermediate trans -CH 3 NCl, which can subsequently decompose and isomerize to further products. The present result suggests that CH 2 NCl is the most feasible among all possible products. The reaction mechanisms for the N ( 2 D )+ CH 3 X (X=H, F, Cl) system are contrasted in detail.

CCl2 free radicals were produced by a pulsed dc discharge of CCl4 (in Ar). The ground electronic state CCl2 (X) radical was electronically excited to the A 1 B 1 (0 4 0) vibronic state with a Nd:YAG laser pumped dye laser at 541.52 nm. Experimental quenching data of excited CCl2( A 1 B 1 and a 3 B 1 ) by ketone molecules were obtained by observing time-resolved total fluorescence signal of the excited CCl2 radical, which showed a superposition of two exponential decay components under the presence of quencher. The quenching rate constants KA of CCl2 (A) state and Ka of CCl2 (a) state were derived by analyzing the experimental data according to a proposed three-level-model involving X 1 A 1 , A 1 B 1 , and a 3 B 1 states. On the whole, KA and Ka increase with increasing the number of C H bonds in ketone molecules.

The [1+1] A 2Πu-state resonance enhanced two-photon dissociation process of CS2+ molecular ions has been investigated by measuring the photofragment S+ excitation (PHOFEX) spectrum in the wavelength range of 424–482 nm, where the CS2+ molecular ions were prepared purely by [3+1] multiphoton ionization of the neutral CS2 molecules at 483.2 nm. The PHOFEX spectrum was assigned essentially to the CS2+(A 2Πu)←CS2+(X 2Πg) transition, and the dissociation mechanism of CS2+ was preliminarily attributed to (i) CS2+(X 2Πg)→CS2+(A 2Πu) through one-photon excitation, (ii) CS2+(A 2Πu)→CS2+(X†) via internal conversion process due to the vibronic coupling between the A and X states, (iii) CS2+(X†)→CS2+(B 2Σu+) through the second photon excitation, and (iv) CS2+(B 2Σu+)→S++CS owing to the potential curve crossing with the repulsive 4Σ− state correlated with the first dissociation limit.

The (0,0), (0,1), (0,2), (0,3), (1,2), (1,3), (1,4) and (2,4) bands of the C1Σ–X 1Σ transition of YBr, between 720 and 765 nm, have been studied using the technique of laser vaporization/reaction with supersonic cooling and laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Spectra of both Y79Br and Y81Br isotopic molecules were observed and analysed. A merged least-squares fit of the measured line positions yield molecular constants for the = 0–2 levels of the C 1Σ state and the = 0–4 of the X1Σ state. The equilibrium bond length of the C1Σ state has been determined to be 2.6087(2) A.

Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) excitation spectra of the CF2 A 1B1←X 1A1 system around 250 nm has been measured under supersonic free-jet conditions. CF2 radical was produced by DC-discharge of CF4 seeded in argon. Previously ambiguous assignments of the A-state stretching frequencies have been experimentally determined to be ν1′=1012.1 cm−1 and ν3′=1180.2 cm−1, by analyzing the subband spectra attributed to some of the observed progressions (20n, 10120n−2 and 20n311 (n≤6)) in which 21 vibronic bands were unambiguously labeled. The measured A-state stretching frequencies do not support King et al.'s assignments [D.S. King, P.K. Schenck, J.C. Stephenson, J. Mol. Spectrom. 78 (1979) 1], but are in good agreement with Cameron et al.'s theoretical assertions [M.R. Cameron, S.H. Kable, G.B. Bacskay, J. Chem. Phys., 103 (1995) 4475].

The resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of SO 2 in the range 365–405 nm has been studied using mass-distinguished excitation spectra. Most of the resonance peaks for both parent ion SO 2 + and fragment ions SO + , S + and O + in the excitation spectra have been assigned to the transition SO 2 ( a 3 B 1 ) ← SO 2 ( X 1 A 1 ) . It has been reasonably assumed that SO 2 (C 1 B 2 ), produced by the subsequent excitation of SO 2 (a 3 B 1 ), plays a key role in generating the fragment ions. It seems that tragment ions come mainly from the photoionization of neutral fragments dissociated from SO 2 (C 1 B 2 ) while the parent ion is formed directly by further photoionization of SO 2 (C 1 B 2 ). That the resonance peaks of the parent ion appear generally narrower than those of fragment ions can also be explained by the known spectral properties of SO 2 (C 1 B 2 ).

Rotational relaxation of CS2 in argon free jet was studied using laser‐induced fluorescence (LIF). The rotational populations were obtained from LIF detection at 19 different points along the jet axis from 3 to 15 nozzle diameters. On the basis of the energy gap power law, the master equation was solved to fit the experiment results, and the two temperature‐independent parameters in the law were determined. The results show that the state‐to‐state relaxation cross sections vary as the inverse 1.7 power of the energy gap between the initial and the final states. The expressions for the state‐to‐state relaxation cross sections and the rate constants were written. The relaxation cross sections decrease with increasing temperature over the range of 2–60 K for the CS2+Ar collision.

The electronic spectra of SF2 radical were experimentally investigated by using Resonance-Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization in the excitation wavelength range of 245-365 nm. A pulsed dc discharge technique was applied to generate the neutral SF2 in the supersonic beam of Ar seeded with SF6. From the recorded laser excitation resonance spectra at the mass-electron ratio corresponding to SF2+, ten electronic band system of SF2 including three series of Rydberg states and two valence states were observed, and most of them were vibrationally assigned. A fit of Rydberg formula to the ns origins suggest the adiabatic ionization potential for neutral SF2 being 10.02 eV.© (1998) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.