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For an electron-optical imaging system with wide beam focusing, the calculation of the field curvature can be performed only theoretically and requires the specific analytical expressions of the axial potential distribution in the streak tube and its corresponding derivatives, making the calculation cumbersome. Even when the electron trajectory is tracked using the numerical calculation method, the calculated results cannot be verified experimentally. A method for measuring the field curvature of the streak tube based on the spherical fluorescent screen is proposed for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. This method can directly measure the field curvature from the experimental image without requiring information on the internal structure of the streak tube, which is extremely useful for the design of the subsequent image reconstruction algorithm.

In this paper, an eighth order combined compact finite difference scheme was presented. Through Fourier analysis and numerical tests, one can find that the scheme has spectral-like resolution, and proved to be an ideal class of schemes for the calculation of high order derivatives calculation of electrostatic field in image tube.

The cockpit validation and optimization is the significant phase during the civil aircraft design process. However, the aircraft flight deck and the corresponding sub-systems design cannot be manifested concurrently in process of the development life cycle. As a result, the flight deck modification in the later phase of product design process brings much more difficulty and amount of cost to the OEM. This paper conducts a basic research on the interactive simulation design, especially for the purpose of civil aircraft cockpit assessment and optimization. The methodologies, for example Model-View-Controller (MVC) design pattern, modulation design, and encapsulation and integration have been illustrated detailed and demonstrated with design prototype in the following chapters. This proposed design schema offers the aerospace engineer a preliminary reference or guidance documentation for the cockpit simulation design. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of the simulation design methodologies for civil aircraft cockpit assessment and evaluation have been discussed and summarized in the last section.

The increasing complexity of the aircraft is forcing the aerospace industry to develop innovative techniques for the coming challenges. Simulation has been proven to be a reliable tool that can be used to give benefit to designers, testers, aircraft vendors and crew training. However, the potential of simulation has not fully been explored in some phases of the aircraft development process, especially in the field of aircraft flight deck human machine interaction (HMI) design. System engineering concentrates on the design and application of the whole aircraft as distinct from parts, which looks at a problem in its entirety. This paper documents the implementation of Model Based System Engineering (MBSE) concepts in support of civil aircraft flight deck HMI simulation design, their benefits, and lessons learned that can be applied to the use of MBSE in support of future aeronautics projects. Finally, a Civil Aircraft Research Project: civil aircraft cockpit HMI simulation bench has been already studied for the purpose of flight deck assessment and evaluation.

Indoor temperature model is one of the large time-delay controlled object, and the response performance of system get worse. In consideration of the Fuzzy PID controllers strong robustness, this article adopts a Fuzzy PID-Smith control method ,and the control effect proves to be good.

Immobilized Saccharomyces cerevisiae on the surface of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (SICCM) was applied as a new magnetic adsorbent for the adsorption of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The prepared magnetic adsorbent was characterized by TEM, XRD and FTIR. TEM images indicated that S. cerevisiae was immobilized on the surface of chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (CCM) successfully, and conglobation was not observed. The XRD pictures suggested that the Fe(3)O(4) nanoparticles were pure Fe(3)O(4) with a spinel structure and that the immobilizing process did not result in the phase change of Fe(3)O(4). Factors that influence the adsorption of Cu(II) were investigated, which included the initial pH of Cu(II) solution, initial concentration of Cu(II) solution and contact time. The optimum pH for Cu(II) absorption was 4.5. The highest removal efficiency of 96.8% was reached when the initial Cu(II) concentration was 60 mg L(-1), and the adsorption capacity was increased with the increase of initial concentration of Cu(II). In particular, SICCM was highly efficient for the fast adsorption of Cu(II) within the first 10 min, and adsorption equilibrium could be achieved in 1h. Equilibrium studies show that the data of Cu(II) adsorption follow the Langmuir model. The maximum adsorption capacity for Cu(II) was estimated to be 144.9 mg g(-1) with a Langmuir adsorption equilibrium constant of 0.0719 L mg(-1) at 301 K.

Through the immobilized biosorption of activated carbon and Paenibacillus polymyxa GA1 by sodium alginate, this paper take advantage of the orthogonal experiment to investigate the adsorption characteristics of sodium alginate. According to the research, the optimal preparation conditions were as following: the mass fraction of sodium alginate was 2.5%; the amount of carbon and bacteria was 1:20 and 1:2, respectively; under the preparation condition, the adsorption rate could reach to 93.74%. The adsorption conditions of the immobilized beads were: pH 5, temperature 30 degrees C and Pb2+ with an initial concentration of 300 mg x L(-1). Moreover, the immobilized activated carbon and GA1 improved their application range of pH, temperature and the initial concentration of Pb2+. Based on the equilibrium curve, it showed that the adsorption of Pb2+ was a rapid process within 30 min and gradually reached leveling within 2 h. What's more, the equilibrium curve could be well described by Langmuir model and Freundlich model, which be consisted mainly of monolayer adsorption, and the maximum monolayer adsorption amount was 370.37 mg x g(-1). Finally, the desorption result showed that the immobilized beads could be recycled effectively.