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Pathological cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor of cardiovascular diseases. Although the function of p53 and p21 in pathological cardiac hypertrophy have been studied, the relationship between them in cardiomyocytes is still unclear. By using specific adenoviruses and siRNAs to modulate p53 or p21 expression in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs), we found that both upregulated p53 and p21 expression induced hypertrophic responses, and they promote each other's expression. Overexpression of p53 aggravated the hypertrophic response of cardiomyocytes in vitro and in vivo, while knockdown of p21 diminished the hypertrophic responses induced by angiotensin Ⅱ and the increase of p53 expression. Additionally, Angiotensin Ⅱ treatment promoted the nuclear translocation of p21 in NRVMs. Notably, increased p53 expression alone did not promote p21 translocation to the nucleus. Together, these data suggest a self-limiting bidirectional positive feedback interaction between p53 and p21 during cardiac hypertrophy.

Haze pollution threatens residents’ health and has become an important public problem in China. With the gradual improvement of public environment consciousness, government failure in the environmental protection might stimulate individual coping behaviors. However, there is no implication about the mechanism differences within individual coping behaviors. This study aimed to understand Beijing residents’ four coping behaviors against health risks of haze pollution including two behaviors of “inverted quarantine,” i.e., wearing a mask when go outside (WM), purchasing air purifier (PAP), and two environmentally friendly behaviors, i.e., purchasing new energy vehicles (PNEV), making a real-time report of air pollution incidents to the government (MRR). We introduced risk perception and income into the theory of planned behavior, and used structural equation model to explore the formation mechanism of coping behaviors. The results showed that the positive effect of intention on behaviors of “inverted quarantine” is relatively higher than these environmentally friendly behaviors. Behavioral intentions are significantly affected by attitude (βWM = 0.24; βPAP = 0.37; βPNEV = 0.45; βMRR = 0.16), subjective norm (βWM = 0.46; βPAP = 0.41; βPNEV = 0.31; βMRR = 0.62) and risk perception (βWM = 0.74; βPAP = 0.73; βPNEV = 1.07; βMRR = 0.74) at 1% level. Furthermore, richer people showed higher level of coping behaviors than the poor, but showed similar or lower level of coping behavioral intentions. The conclusions would be helpful for policy makers to take effective measures to guide public behaviors and promote public participation in air pollution control.

Public participation is playing an increasingly important role in the process of environmental protection, especially in some developing countries such as China. However, the studies that have focu...

In the 21 century, in order to effectively solve the problem of declining offshore living resources, maritime countries have started to exploit deep-sea marine bioresources to provide a substantial resource foundation for fisheries development, marine medicine research and genetic research. Recently, due to the unbalanced distribution of resources and technologies in the world, the deep-sea bioresources cooperative development projects have successively been initiated among countries. In the present study, in order to speed up the deep sea research processes in China and promote the international cooperation, the factors that affect the international cooperative development for deep-sea bioresources were identified firstly. Nine factors were identified as funding level, technical level, policy, politics and diplomacy, economy, resources, ecology, geography and culture. The ternary fuzzy DEMATEL method was used to analyze the impact level of these factors. According to prominence, the direct influences of the factors were analyzed. The top three influencing factors are economic environment, politics and diplomacy environment, and technical level, while ecological environment has the least impact. According to relation, the indirect influences of the factors were also identified, revealing that policy, political and diplomacy, economy, geography, culture environment and resources level have indirect influence. It was suggested that these six factors firstly influence the other three factors, and then the six factors indirectly influence the international cooperative development for deep-sea bioresources. Based on the above analysis, from the aspects of economy, political diplomacy, policy, funding, culture, ecology and the relationship among the influencing factors, suggestions were put forward to promote the rapid and sustainable development of the international cooperative development for deep sea marine bioresources.

This study reports a delicate electroless approach for the deposition of RuO2·nH2O nanoparticles on the VOx·mH2O nanowires and this method can be extended to deposit RuO2·nH2O nanoparticles on various material surfaces. Electrochemical characterizations, including linear sweep voltammetry (LSV), electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) analysis and rotating ring-disc electrode (RRDE) voltammetry, were carried out to investigate the growth mechanism. The deposition involves the catalytic reduction of dissolved oxygen by the V4+ species of VOx·mH2O, which drives the oxidation of RuCl3 to proceed with the growth of RuO2·nH2O. This core/shell VOx·mH2O/RuO2·nH2O shows a better catalytic activity of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) than RuO2·nH2O, which is ascribed to the pronounced dispersion of RuO2·nH2O. Such an electroless approach was applicable to the preparation of a RuO2-based nanoparticle suspension as well as the deposition of nanocrystalline RuO2·nH2O on other functional supports like TiO2 nanowires. The thus-obtained RuO2-decorated TiO2 nanorods exhibit significantly an enhanced photoactivity toward photoelectrochemical water oxidation. The versatility of the current electroless approach may facilitate the widespread deployment of nanocrystalline RuO2·nH2O in a variety of energy-related applications.

We reported the conversion of deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside (D3G) to deoxynivalenol (DON) during Chinese steamed bread (CSB) processing by artificial D3G contamination. Meanwhile, the effects of enzymes in wheat flour and those produced from yeast, along with the two main components in wheat flour&mdash, wheat starch and wheat gluten&mdash, on the conversion profiles of D3G were evaluated. The results showed D3G could convert to DON during CSB processing, and the conversion began with dough making and decreased slightly after fermentation and steaming. However, there was no significant difference in three stages. When yeast was not added, or enzyme-deactivated wheat flour was used to simulate CSB process, and whether yeast was added or not, D3G conversion could be observed, and the conversion was significantly higher after dough making. Likewise, D3G converted to DON when wheat starch and wheat gluten were processed to CSB, and the conversion in wheat starch was higher.

An Au-mediated Cu2O-based Z-scheme heterostructure system is demonstrated for use as efficient photocathodes in photoelectrochemical (PEC) reduction. The samples are prepared by electrodepositing a...

In recent years, the marine economy of China has experienced rapid growth, and the strategy of marine power also drove the development of the marine economy. The sea is a natural treasure that can provide rich resources. However, excessive consumption of natural resources and pollution problems of the ecological environment continue to become worse due to resource utilization inefficiency and disorderliness. Determining how to protect the environment on the basis of economic development is becoming a focus of attention. Research on the value of marine bioresources has great effects on preparing the balance sheet of resources. Accordingly, the present paper evaluates the value of marine bioresources in Shandong province offshore in 2014 by using the market valuation method, coefficients method, productivity change method, results reference method and contingent valuation method. In 2014, the total economic value of marine bioresources in Shandong province was $47.0533 billion, the direct use value was $9.3872 billion (in which the cultural research value was $0.7587 billion and recreational function value was $2.9413 billion), the indirect use value was $30.3469 billion, and the social value was $7.3192 billion. The indirect use value accounts for the largest proportion (64.49%), the direct use value accounts for 19.95%, far less than the indirect use value, and the social value accounts for a much smaller proportion, only 15.56%. And then the valuation results in the present study were used to analyze the reason for changes of ending value in the marine bioresources balance sheet. Suggestions were also put forward in the end. First, the public's understanding of the economic value of marine bioresources should be strengthened and the protection of marine bioresources should be increased, in order to promote the reasonable utilization of resources. Second, the potential value of cultural research for marine bioresources should be increased. Third, the stock quantity and value of marine bioresources in Shandong province should be evaluated, and a balance sheet of marine bioresources should be set up, in order to scientifically manage and constantly use marine bioresources in Shandong province, and promote the construction of an ecological civilization in China.

A more accurate and reliable method is proposed to evaluate the photoelectrochemical (PEC) performance of semiconductor toward water splitting. Conventionally, I-t measurements are conducted at a fixed potential relative to the reference electrode, e.g., 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl, to monitor the photocurrent, which has been regarded as a direct indicator for performance comparison among different electrodes. Considering that the open-circuit potential (OCP) varies from electrode to electrode, the photocurrent comparison at a fixed potential may misrepresent the actual differences between samples. Here, we study the PEC performance by applying two distinct external bias values, one at 0 V vs. Ag/AgCl deriving from the conventional practice and the other at 0.1 V vs. OCP representing the exactly fixed applied overpotential. Two experimental groups are designed to address the arguments, including the influence of heat treatment for ZnO nanorod arrays and the global comparison among ZnO, TiO2, Au particle-decorated TiO2, and CdS electrodes. Different trends in photocurrent are observed at the two distinct biases, with the results from 0.1 V vs. OCP conforming to the general considerations. The results suggest that application of a fixed potential relative to the OCP will provide a more fair comparison for accurate PEC performance evaluation without under- or over-estimation.

From the perspective of the new political economy, this paper aims to reveal the phenomenon of government-enterprise collusion in the utilization of marine resources, and finds that government-enterprise collusion is one of the reasons for the overexploitation and disorderly utilization of marine resources and the continuous deterioration of the marine ecological environment. First, a sequential game model is constructed and solved to reveal the motivation of government-enterprise collusion in the utilization of marine resources. Then, using a comprehensive feasible generalized least squares (FGLS) method and panel data from 11 coastal areas in China from 2002 to 2015, we investigate the effect of government-enterprise collusion on the utilization of marine resources. The findings show that government-enterprise collusion has a significant positive effect on the utilization of marine resources, which has led to the expansion of the use of sea areas. Specifically, (1) officials serving in their hometowns prefer to approve more sea areas for sea-using enterprises than officials transferred from other places. (2) There is a U-shaped relationship between the age of the officials and the utilization of marine resources. (3) Central supervision can effectively reduce the collusion between local governments and enterprises. The findings of this paper are of great policy significance for the current management of the utilization of marine resources and environmental protection.

Wetland restoration is an important means to ensure the continuous delivery of ecosystem services by wetland ecosystems. This paper aims to assist policymakers in formulating efficient and sustainable wetland restoration policies by providing the results of a preference assessment study on coastal wetlands in Jiaozhou Bay in China. A choice experiment is employed to examine public preferences for alternative scenarios for Jiaozhou Bay coastal wetland restoration. The restoration improvement is described in terms of four attributes: fishery resources, natural coastline, water quality and biodiversity. The result from the random parameter logit reveals that fishery resources are the strongest predictor of choice, followed by natural coastline and water quality, while biodiversity is a weaker predictor. The result also shows that individuals located nearby the coastal wetland express a higher willingness to contribute to the restoration of the coastal wetland. The findings can provide policymakers with information about tradeoffs that could be used to enhance public support and maximize the social benefits of a coastal wetland restoration program.

With the continuous advancement of urbanization and the rapid growth of the marine economy, marine environmental pollution has become an increasingly important problem. In this paper, using a comprehensive feasible generalized least square (FGLS) method and panel data of China’s 11 coastal areas from 2002 to 2016, we analyzed the impact of political promotion incentive and fiscal incentive on marine environmental pollution and identified the transmission mechanism of officials’ tenure to marine environmental pollution. The results show that (1) in order to achieve a political promotion, local officials promote economic growth at the expense of marine resources and the environment, deteriorating the quality of the marine environment in their jurisdiction. (2) Under the influence of the fiscal decentralization system, the financial pressure of local governments is an important factor that affects the quality of the marine environment in its jurisdiction. Fiscal incentives (measured by land transfer fees and sea area royalties) are positively related to marine environmental pollution. (3) The tenure of local officials and marine environmental pollution have an inverted U-shaped nonlinear relationship, and the effect of promotion incentive on the quality of the marine environment is aggravated by the tenure of local officials. It is the first report to discuss the causes of marine environmental pollution in coastal areas in China from the perspective of China’s fiscal decentralization system and political promotion tournaments.

In a previous paper, we reported that triptolide (TP), a commonly used immunomodulator, could attenuate cardiac hypertrophy. This present study aimed to further explore the inhibition of cardiac fibrosis by TP and the possible mechanism from the perspective of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. Hematoxylin-eosin and Masson&rsquo, s staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed to observe cardiac fibrotic changes in mice and mouse cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). The Western blot, colocalization, and immunoprecipitation were applied to detect protein expression and interactions. Results suggested that TP dose-dependently inhibited cardiac fibrosis induced by isoproterenol and collagen production of CFs induced by angiotensin II. TP exhibited an antifibrotic effect via inhibiting activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, which sequentially decreased IL-1&beta, maturation, myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88)-related phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), and TGF-&beta, 1/Smad signaling, and ultimately resulted in less collagen production. Moreover, TP showed no antifibrotic effect in Nlrp3-knockout CFs. Notably, TP inhibited the expression of NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like proteins containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) as well as inflammasome assembly, by interrupting the NLRP3-ASC interaction to inhibit inflammasome activation. Finally, TP indeed inhibited the NLRP3-TGF&beta, 1-Smad pathway in vivo. Conclusively, TP was found to play a dual role in interrupting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome to attenuate cardiac fibrosis.

Ulva (U.) prolifera bloom has huge negative impacts on the economy and the environment, has been an important marine environmental problem in China. The study applies contingent valuation method to investigate public preferences for the management of U. prolifera bloom. The results show that the median of residents’ willingness to pay (WTP) are 40 CNY/a for the scenario that U. prolifera bloom would disappear completely in the Yellow Sea coastal area around Qingdao, and the median of WTP are the same (22.5 CNY/a) for the three scenarios that focused on the cover area, duration times, and offshore distance of U. prolifera bloom, respectively. Additionally, this paper explores whether the belief, which respondents believe that their response will be taken into consideration by the government, contributes to revealing their preferences truthfully. The results show that most respondents believe that their response is consequential in policy and payment outcomes. The belief in policy and payment consequentiality are largely positively correlated, and show a similar influence on the willingness to pay. This study provides important implications on the economic assessment of the damages caused by U. prolifera bloom, and agrees on the importance of consequentiality, but does not provide the support for separately addressing policy and payment consequentiality in the contingent valuation.

Land reclamation permanently alters the natural properties of coastal resources and the environment and thus has caused significant damage to marine ecosystem services. The purpose of this study is to assess the marine ecosystem service losses derived from land reclamation in Jiaozhou Bay. To achieve this goal, a new participatory, deliberative choice experiment approach, which is considered particularly suitable for valuing unfamiliar or complex environmental goods, was conducted. The results from the random parameter logit (RPL) models revealed that on average, the public derived positive and significant values from the restoration of marine ecosystem services, and the average willingness to pay (WTP) per respondent in Jiaozhou Bay was 1326.56 Chinese yuan (CNY) each year for restoring the marine ecosystem damaged by land reclamation. According to the implicit price estimates of ecological attributes, marine biodiversity and water quality were the two main ecosystem service losses associated with land reclamation. This study provides references for internalizing the external environmental costs of these coastal construction activities and contributes to the evidence on the importance of better management of the marine ecosystem and resources and for improved policy-making and regulation.

We reported for the first time that GaOOH nanorods, which were prepared using a facile chemical precipitation method, may display noticeable photocatalytic activities toward methanol oxidation under light illumination, a significant revelation for demonstrating their use as the anode photocatalyst in the half-cell reaction of direct methanol fuel cells (DMFCs). The GaOOH nanorods were further decorated with Au nanoparticles to endow them with increasingly pronounced charge separation, which conduced to a remarkable enhancement in the photocatalytic performance. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy was employed to depict the charge transfer event across the interface of GaOOH/Au, from which a correlation between photocatalytic efficiency and interfacial charge dynamics was realized. By incorporating GaOOH nanorods into the traditional Pt-catalyzed half-cell reaction, a 12.7% increase in anodic current generation can be attained under light illumination, demonstrating the promising potential of GaOOH as a practical anode photocatalyst in DFMCs. A further enhancement in methanol oxidation current up to 70.8% can be achieved by employing Au-decorated GaOOH nanorods, which was attributed to the efficient charge carrier transfer rendered by the Au decoration. The current study delivers both fundamental and practical importance as it broadens the scope of electrocatalysts for fuel cells, specifically by introducing a new class of highly efficient photocatalysts for promoting electrochemical reactions.

Although attribute non-attendance (AN-A) in choice experiments (CEs) conducted in developed countries has received increasing attention, fewer researchers have studied this issue in developing countries. This paper presents a study on residents' willingness-to-pay (WTP) to dispose of Enteromorpha prolifera and restore damaged costal resources in Qingdao, China. Specifically, a five-level design of questions identifying attendance frequency was adopted to investigate the extent to which respondents have attended to each attribute during their series of choices in CEs. The results suggested the share of respondents not attending to each attribute was relatively lower than that in findings from studies in developed countries, but the finding of a large proportion of “partial attendance” was consistent with another similar study's results. Different models were developed, estimated and compared based on stated AN-A information. The statistically superior model suggested self-stated “never considered” or “rarely considered” attributes do not contribute to model fitness; the marginal utility of attributes in the “partial attendance” group are relatively smaller than corresponding values from the “full attendance group”. However, no significant differences have been found between WTP estimates based on a standard model and those based on the superior model. This paper can make several contributions to the literature on AN-A, as it was conducted in a developing country, focuses on a specific coastal ecological disaster and duly considers “partial attendance” cases.

This study reports a delicate electroless approach for the deposition of RuO

China's Jiaozhou Bay is an important example of integrated coastal zone management because it has received scientific and management attention and becomes useful to other coastal managers and researchers experiencing similar challenges. Water research shows that the condition of the environment is dominated by overwhelming nutrient flows and land reclamation that has reduced the ecosystem's ability to sustain itself. Interventions have included a raft of legal measures, restocking and mariculture of all commercial species, phasing out of commercial fisheries, increasing treatment of waste water, and recently, establishing total discharge controls. Past investigations into the use of market-based solutions and further integration using management models are included in this paper. Suggested improvements are based on consensus of multiple authors with different backgrounds that the situation is serious and the trends are alarming. The suggestions include careful reexamination of the business as usual approach, new research and management approaches that exploit the advantages of multiple perspectives and collaboration. This integration demands new ways of using plans, standards, indicators, monitoring and knowledge more generally. At the foundation is the information about the environment and management actions to ensure that new management approaches, including eco-compensation, are carefully planned and monitored. Integrated water research planned by various agencies will develop these ideas into actionable knowledge on one of the world's most rapidly developing coastlines. The experience of water research and management in this rapidly developing coastline is, and will be, globally significant. This paper provides an important insight into knowing the research challenges for estuary harbours in rapidly developing areas.

International audience; Tremendous development in the field of portable electronics and hybrid electric vehicles has led to urgent and increasing demand in the field of high‐energy storage devices. In recent years, many research efforts have been made for the development of more efficient energy‐storage devices such as supercapacitors, batteries, and fuel cells. In particular, supercapacitors have great potential to meet the demands of both high energy density and power density in many advanced technologies. For the last half decade, graphene has attracted intense research interest for electrical double‐layer capacitor (EDLC) applications. The unique electronic, thermal, mechanical, and chemical characteristics of graphene, along with the intrinsic benefits of a carbon material, make it a promising candidate for supercapacitor applications. This Review focuses on recent research developments in graphene‐based supercapacitors, including doped graphene, activated graphene, graphene/metal oxide composites, graphene/polymer composites, and graphene‐based asymmetric supercapacitors. The challenges and prospects of graphene‐based supercapacitors are also discussed.

The green tide, which has been a major marine disaster in the coastal areas of the Yellow Sea, severely damages oceanic ecological balance, marine environment and recreation function. This study employed a choice experiment (CE) to investigate the public willingness to pay (WTP) for the governance of green tides and to determine whether socioeconomic factors and psychometric measures of environmental attitudes can explain the differences in the individual's preferences and values regarding the governance of green tides. The theory of planned behavior (TPB) and some additional concepts (moral attitudes and environmental concerns) are employed to empirically measure constructs that predict the stated choices. The analysis is based on the primary data from 298 samples collected in Jiaozhou bay in 2018. The results demonstrate a significant preference heterogeneity among the Jiaozhou Bay population for the ecological attributes of restoration. The incorporation of socioeconomic as well as latent psychological factors from the TPB contributes to enhancing the understanding of why some individuals value ecosystem services while others do not. Based on the results from the random parameter logit (RPL) models, the average willingness to pay per respondent household in Jiaozhou Bay was 214.56 China Yuan (CNY) each year for green-tide ecological restoration. The study results provided important evidence regarding the valuation of ecological and recreational damage caused by green tides and supported the inclusion of new constructs in the TPB, which has improved the predictive power of the proposed choice model in determining the respondents' intention to pay for the improvement of ecological services.

Role-based access control policy has been widely applied to various access control system design. In order to improve the flexibility of authorization check design and convenience of management, this paper uses the principle of dynamic proxy design to optimize this process, also provide a method which is Spring AOP based of transaction management for program running. The role-create method proposed can configure the users authority flexible. The improved design concept can achieve the basic requirements if role-based access control policies, and improve the efficiency of project development and security of application system maximum.

Ajax technology has been widely applied in a variety of Web development. It takes full advantage of existing technical standards to achieve updating the contents of the page without refreshing the entire page. In this paper, Ajax asynchronous mode enhances the credibility of user experience, optimizes the transmission between the browser and the server and reduces unnecessary data transferring back and forth and bandwidth usage. Using XML packaging method achieved Ajaxs efficient operation of bulk data and made the application of Ajax more extensive. Practice shows that Ajax technology based on XML packaging can provides a flexible and fast bulk data processing function in Web development.

Vanadium oxides (VO x · n H 2 O) with long cycle-life for Li-ion supercapacitors have been successfully synthesized by means of the microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis (MAHS) method, a faster and more energy-saving method than the conventional hydrothermal synthesis. Such oxides show capacitor-like, lithium-ion intercalation/de-intercalation responses in aqueous media. Although electrochemical activation is required to reveal the capacitor-like behavior of VO x · n H 2 O, doping Li ions by adding LiCl into the precursor solution not only effectively shortens the activation time but also enhances the specific capacitance of VO x · n H 2 O. This kind of materials shows the promising application potential in the aqueous-based Li-ion supercapacitors. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopic, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) analyses are employed to identify the fine tune-up in microstructures of various VO x · n H 2 O.

For the first time a ZnO nanorod-based Z-scheme heterostructure system was proposed and realized for efficient photoelectrochemical water splitting. The samples were prepared by depositing a thin layer of SnO2 on the Au surface of Au particle-decorated ZnO nanorods. For ZnO–Au–SnO2 nanorods, the embedded Au can mediate interfacial charge transfer by promoting electron transfer from the conduction band of SnO2 to the valence band of ZnO. This vectorial charge transfer resulted in the situation that the photoexcited electrons accumulated at ZnO while the photogenerated holes concentrated at SnO2, giving ZnO–Au–SnO2 substantially high redox powers. Time-resolved photoluminescence spectra suggested that the interfacial charge transfer across the ZnO/Au/SnO2 interface was significantly improved as a result of the Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism. With the substantially high redox powers and significantly improved interfacial charge transfer, ZnO–Au–SnO2 nanorods performed much better as a photoanode in photoelectrochemical water splitting than pristine ZnO, plasmonic Au-decorated ZnO and type-II SnO2-coated ZnO nanorods did. The present study has provided a viable approach to exploit Z-scheme photoanodes in the design of efficient artificial photosynthesis systems for solar energy conversion.

We investigated the expression of laminin β1 and integrin α2 in the anterior temporal neocortex tissue of patients with intractable epilepsy and explored the role of these molecules in the pathogenesis of this disease. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were used to test the expression of laminin β1 and integrin α2 in samples (from the brain bank of our department, n=32) of surgically removed anterior temporal neocortex tissues from intractable epilepsy patients, and the results were compared with those of controls (n=10). We found that laminin β1 and integrin α2 protein expression was significantly increased in the anterior temporal neocortex as compared with controls (immunohistochemistry optical density: laminin β1 = 0.36 ± 0.01 vs. 0.10 ± 0.03 for control; integrin α2=0.42 ± 0.02 vs. 0.04 ± 0.01 for control; p.05). Immunofluorescence staining indicated that laminin β1 and integrin α2 accumulated in the plasma membrane and cytoplasm, with strong fluorescence intensity in the anterior temporal neocortex tissue of patients with intractable epilepsy. Thus, our work demonstrates that laminin β1 and integrin α2 expression is elevated in the anterior temporal neocortex tissue from patients with intractable epilepsy.

Hydrous vanadium oxide (denoted as VOx·yH2O) deposited at 0.4 V shows promising capacitive behavior in aqueous media containing concentrated Li ions. VOx·yH2O annealed in air at 300 °C for 1 h shows highly reversible Li-ion intercalation/de-intercalation behavior with specific capacitance reaching ca. 737 and 606 F g−1 at 25 and 500 mV s−1 in 12 M LiCl between −0.2 and 0.8 V. In 14 M LiCl, retention of specific capacitance is about 95% when the scan rate is increased from 25 to 500 mV s−1. This work is the first report showing the ultrahigh rate of Li-ion intercalation/de-intercalation in VOx·yH2O. A so-called Li-ion supercapacitor of the asymmetric type consisting of a VOx.yH2O cathode and a WO3.zH2O anode is proposed here. Keywords: Anodic deposition, Vanadium oxide, Annealing, High power, Li-ion supercapacitor

This work demonstrates that anodic deposition of vanadium oxide (denoted as VO x · n H 2 O) can be considered as the chemical co-precipitation of V 5+ and V 4+ oxy-/hydroxyl species and the accumulation of V 5+ species at the vicinity of electrode surface is the key factor for the successful anodic deposition of VO x · n H 2 O at a potential much more negative than the equilibrium potential of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). The results of in situ UV–vis spectra show that the V 4+ /V 5+ ratio near the electrode surface can be controlled by varying the applied potential, leading to different, three-dimensional (3D) nanostructures of VO x · n H 2 O. The accumulation of V 5+ species due to V 4+ oxidation at potentials ≥0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) has been found to be very similar to the phenomenon by adding H 2 O 2 in the deposition solution. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic (XPS) results show that all VO x · n H 2 O deposits can be considered as aggregates consisting of mixed V 5+ and V 4+ oxy-/hydroxyl species with the mean oxidation state significantly increasing with the applied electrode potential.

Human tumour necrosis factor α (hTNFα) has been proved to be a validated therapeutic target in a number of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). Fully human monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that can neutralize soluble hTNFα (sTNFα) as well as transmembrane hTNFα (tmTNFα) are more desirable hTNFα antagonists. Here, we report that novel anti-hTNFα human low-molecular-weight MAbs have been selected and identified using both sTNFα and tmTNFα as target antigens by the combination of ribosome display and E. coli expression system for the first time. As a newly born engineering small molecular antibody, three-domain antibody fragment (VH /κ) provides an alternative promising molecular principle to generate biological agents for TNFα-dependent IMIDs. In this study, a panel of novel human VH /κs (F09, F21, F49 and F409) with high affinity (10(-10) -10(-9) mol/l) to neutralize sTNFα as well as tmTNFα was generated by the combination of ribosome display and E. coli expression system. Among the four clones, F21 and F409 could reduce cytotoxicity on L929 cells induced by sTNFα as well as tmTNFα effectively, and both of them had great potential to inhibit hTNFα-mediated NF-κB activation. Soluble F21 and F409 were also able to inhibit the binding of hTNFα to TNFR1 and TNFR2. The new human antibodies described here have desirable capability to neutralize sTNFα as well as tmTNFα effectively with high affinity and reasonable stability; this may provide an alternative approach for patients who are not responding adequately to currently available anti-TNFα agents.

Fe-MCM-41 was first used for the treatment of m-cresol in catalytic ozonation. The effect of the percentage of Fe dopping mass, catalyst dosage and the natural concentration of substrate on m-cresol conversion and TOC removal were studied. The structural property of Fe-MCM-41 was characterized by X-ray diffraction, temperature-programmed reduction, Mössbauer spectra and BET of catalysts. The results showed that Fe dopping mass had a great effect on the catalytic activity of Fe-MCM-41 in catalytic ozonation and the optimal percentage of dopping mass was 4.4% (wt). The results showed that with Fe dopping mass increase, the degree of crystallinity became weaker, the crystal surface distance reduced, as well as the specific surface area, pore volume and aperture. γ-Fe2O3 was the only form staying on the surface of MCM-41, and the catalyst had good ferromagnetism and stability. Ozonation played a role of both direct oxidation and indirect oxidation in the reaction, approximately the same ratio. Under the experimental condition of the natural pH of model wastewater,using 4.4% (wt) Fe-MCM-41 as catalyst, natural concentration of m-cresol 500 mg x L(-1), catalyst dosage 0.1 g x L(-1) and reaction time 30 min, m-cresol conversion and TOC removal were 100% and 26.8%, respectively.

As terminally differentiated cells, cardiomyocytes stop proliferation soon after birth. However, it can re-enter into cell cycle as stimulated by some pathologic stimulation, then the synthesis of nucleic acid and protein in the cardiomyocytes will increase, which eventually result in hypertrophy.

During 2009-2012, the Nam Dinh virus (NDiv) was detected from the samples of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus in Shenzhen China. In this study, cell culture,SYBR Green I based real time RT-PCR and RT-PCR were performed to analyze the cell susceptibility and other biological characteristics of the NDiV isolates. The results showed that C6/36 cell line was susceptible to four isolates of Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus. The "S" type amplification curve and specific melting curve were obtained in the realtime fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR based on SYBR Green I for the detection of the NDiV from the mosquito. The target bands from the RdRp gene and partial fragment of ZmHel1 gene were observed using agarose gel electrophoresis. Both the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of four Shenzhen isolates showed more than 99.00% homology with the Vietnam representative NDiV strain (02VN178). Phylogenetic analysis showed that four Shenzhen isolates shared the same evolution branch as the Vietnam representative NDiV strain. This is the first report of NDiV in China.