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The rising energy crisis and environmental problems are urging the development of more sustainable organic synthetic methods.

An aerobic metal-free, visible-light-induced regioselective thiolation of phenols with thiophenols is reported. The cross-coupling protocol exhibits great functional group tolerance and high regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies reveal that the disulfide radical cation plays a crucial role in the visible-light catalysis of aerobic thiolation. Simply controlling the equivalent ratio of substrates enables the selective formation of sulfide or sulfoxide products with high activity in a one-pot reaction.

Summary Direct alkylation and arylation of allylic C(sp3)–H bonds are straightforward approaches for accessing allylic C–C products. However, the engagement of allylic C–C bond-forming reaction without introducing extraneous functional groups and stoichiometric oxidant or reductant has proved difficult. Here, we report a general and mild strategy using semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) as photocatalysts for coupling a broad range of available allylic C(sp3)–H bonds with α-amino C–H bonds or heteroarenes, respectively, under sunlight irradiation (> 85 examples). The protocol bypasses stoichiometric oxidant or reductant and pre-functionalization of both the coupling partners and produces hydrogen (H2) as the byproduct. The outstanding efficiency and selectivity and step- and atom-economy represents the first direct alkylation and arylation of allylic C(sp3)–H bonds with hydrogen evolution powered by solar energy.

Direct C-S bond coupling is an attractive way to construct aryl sulfur ether, a building block for a variety of biological active molecules. Herein, we disclose an effective model for regioselective thiolation of the aromatic C-H bond by thiol activation instead of arene activation. Strikingly, this method has been applied into anisole derivatives that are not available in the arene activation approach to forge a single thioether isomer with high reactivity.

The functionalization of aliphatic C-H bonds is both a major challenge and a desirable goal in organic synthesis. Here, we describe the successful arylation of unactivated alkanes with heteroarenes by using iridium polypyridyl complexes as the photocatalyst and persulfate as the HAT catalyst precursor under visible-light irradiation. This reaction features good functional group tolerance and broad scope with regard to both alkane and heteroarene substrates (37 examples), which allows direct access to alkyl-substituted N-heteroarenes, a key structural motif in natural products and bioactive molecules.

A trifluoroacetic acid-facilitated ortho amination of alkoxyl arene has been established via anodic oxidation in an undivided cell. In the absence of any additional metal or oxidant reagents, a series of aromatic and heteroaromatic amine derivatives have been synthesized in good to excellent yields. Our findings reveal the possibility of achieving complete ortho-selective amination of a simple arene, which emerges as an efficient route for facile and large-scale organic synthesis.

Photoelectrochemistry enables the formation of a variety of active intermediates for organic synthesis in an environmentally friendly manner. Herein, a photoelectrochemical cell is fabricated to realize activation of P-H/C-H bonds for cross-coupling hydrogen evolution. As compared with an electrochemical cell, nearly 90% external bias input is saved to drive the C-P bond construction with good to excellent yields.

AIMS: Patients with liver disease are more prone to thrombosis and bleeding events than healthy people. The decision to use anticoagulation in patients with pulmonary embolism and liver disease requires a cautious evaluation of the risks of bleeding and the benefits of anticoagulation. In order to make a recommendation for patient with fatty liver that developed pulmonary embolism, we reported this case. METHODS: In this paper, we reported a case of a patient with fatty liver that developed pulmonary embolism. The low molecular weight heparin sodium injection and different anticoagulants were evaluated for this patient.RESULTS: After evaluating the efficacy and safety of different anticoagulants in patients with pulmonary embolism and liver dysfunction, rivaroxaban is more suitable for this patient to be treated by sequential therapy. After three weeks of treatment with rivaroxaban, the patient’s blood routine test results were normal, and no side effect was found. CONCLUSIONS: For patients with pulmonary embolism and fatty liver, maybe NOAC is more suitable.

A trifluoroacetic acid-facilitated

Current steering effect of InGaN light emitting diode (LED) structure was demonstrated by forming a high resistivity GaN nanoporous structure. Disk-array patterns with current-injection bridge structures were fabricated on InGaN LED devices through a focused ion beam (FIB) system. GaN nanoporous structure was formed around the FIB-drilled holes through a electrochemical (EC) wet-etching process on a n-type GaN:Si layer under the InGaN active layer. High emission intensity and small peak wavelength blueshift phenomenon of the electroluminescence spectra were observed in the EC-treated region compared with the non-treated region. The branch-like nanoporous structure was formed along the lateral etched direction to steer the injection current in 5 μm-width bridge structures. In the FIB-drilled hole structure, high light emission intensity of the central-disk region was observed by enlarging the bridge width to 10 μm, with a 5 μm EC-treated width, that reduced the current steering effect and increased the light scattering effect on the nanoporous structure. The EC-treated GaN:Si nanoporous structure acted as a high light scattering structure and a current steering structure that has potential on the current confinement for vertical cavity surface emitting laser applications.

The first superhydrophilic graphdiyne (GDY) electrode is fabricated via air plasma for water oxidation. Experimental studies and density functional theory calculations reveal that superhydrophilic GDY is responsible for facilitating interfacial mass/electron transfer, thus resulting in superior oxygen evolution performance with an overpotential of ≈258 mV to reach 10 mA cm −2 and a TOF of ≈0.60 s −1 at overpotential of 300 mV, respectively.

Cytokine-induced apoptosis inhibitor 1 (CIAPIN1), originally termed anamorsin, is an anti-apoptotic molecule that acts as a downstream effector of the receptor tyrosine kinase-Ras signaling pathway. Overexpression of CIAPIN1 contributes to multidrug resistance (MDR) and microRNA (miR)-143 is typically considered a tumor suppressor in breast cancer. The present study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of miR-143 as a treatment for drug-resistant breast cancer via the downregulation of CIAPIN1 in vitro. The expression levels of miR-143 were measured using quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the expression levels of CIAPIN1 were detected via western blot analysis. Bioinformatic analyses was additionally conducted to search for miR-143, which may potentially target CIAPIN1. Luciferase reporter plasmids were created and used to verify direct targeting. In addition, Taxol-induced drug-resistant (TDR) breast cancer cell proliferation was evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay in vitro. The present study identified an inverse association between miR-143 and CIAPIN1 protein expression levels in breast cancer MCF-7, MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-453 TDR cells. Specific targeting sites for miR-143 in the 3'-untranslated region of the CIAPIN1 gene were identified, which exhibit the ability to regulate CIAPIN1 expression. It was revealed that the repression of CIAPIN1 via miR-143 suppressed the proliferation of breast cancer TDR cells. The findings of the present study verified the role of miR-143 as a tumor suppressor in breast cancer MDR via inhibition of CIAPIN1 translation.

Ovarian cancer remains the disease with the highest associated mortality rate of gynecologic malignancy due to cancer metastasis. Rearrangement of actin cytoskeleton by cytoskeleton protein plays a critical role in tumor cell metastasis. MICAL-L2, a member of MICAL family, can interact with actin-binding proteins, regulate actin cross-linking and coordinate the assembly of adherens junctions and tight junctions. However, the roles of MICAL-L2 in tumors and diseases have not been explored. In this study, we found that MICAL-L2 protein is significantly up-regulated in ovarian cancer tissues along with FIGO stage and associated with histologic subgroups of ovarian cancer. Silencing of MICAL-L2 suppressed ovarian cancer cell proliferation, migration and invasion ability. Moreover, silencing of MICAL-L2 prevented nuclear translocation of β-catenin, inhibited canonical wnt/β-catenin signaling and induced the mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET). Taken together, our data indicated that MICAL-L2 may be an important regulator of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in ovarian cancer cells and a new therapeutic target for interventions against ovarian cancer invasion and metastasis.

Endometrial carcinoma (EC) is the most common gynecologic cancer worldwide and is one of the leading causes of death in women. Therefore, it is urgent to elucidate the pathological mechanisms of EC. SERPINA3 is a member of the serpin super-family of protease inhibitors. Its aberrant expression has been observed in various tumor cells. However, its clinical significance and biological function in endometrial cancer remains unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that SERPINA3 expression was significantly up-regulated in EC samples and was closely correlated with lower differentiation, higher stage, positive lymph node or vascular thrombosis and negative estrogen receptor (ER), indicating a poor prognosis. We then demonstrated that SERPINA3 promoted EC cells proliferation by regulating G2/M checkpoint in cell cycle and inhibited cells apoptosis, and we further uncovered that the pro-proliferative effect of SERPINA3 on EC was likely ascribed to the activation of MAPK/ERK1/2 and PI3K/AKT signaling. The results of our study may provide insight into the application of SERPINA3 as a novel predictor of clinical outcomes and a potential therapeutic target of EC.

To increase the number density of chromophore in the poled polymers, monomers: NPP acrylate (NPPMA), NPP methacrylate (NPPMMA) and PNP methacrylate (PNPMMA), which have high SHG powder coefficient, and their polymers had been synthesized. In order to compare the effect of chromophore unit concentration on the NLO activity of poled films, copolymers of above monomers with methyl acrylate (MA) or methyl methacrylate (MMA) had been synthesized, too. The second order nonlinear coefficient d of poled films had been estimated from order parameter by electrochromism and infrared dichromism.

The use of pendant NLO active group on polystyrene is a convenient way to make a stable poled polymer. In this paper the syntheses and characterizations of some new derivatives of polystyrene containing nitroalkoxystilbene as pendant groups is reported. The experiments indicated that the chromophore unit concentration in the synthesized polymers were quite high and mixed chromophore copolymer had been prepared.

This study investigated the effects of Tai Chi exercise on the levels of blood glucose, insulin and insulin receptors of patients with type 2 diabetes. Twelve subjects aged 58-75 years old (66.5 +/- 8.5 years) with type 2 diabetes participated in the study. They were trained with the protocol of Tai Chi exercise for 8 weeks. Blood glucose, serum insulin, and insulin receptor activity were measured before and after the 8-week intervention and immediately after a single bout exercise of Tai Chi after the protocol. The results showed that by 8 weeks of Tai Chi exercise, the blood glucose decreased (p0.05), while high- and low-affinity insulin receptor numbers (r1, r2) and low-affinity insulin receptor binding capacity (R2) increased. Serum insulin increased (p0.05) but was still within the normal range. After the single bout Tai Chi exercise, blood glucose, high- and low-affinity insulin receptor numbers (r1, r2), and their binding capacity (R1, R2) increased (p0.05), while serum insulin did not change. The 8-week Tai Chi intervention therefore showed benefits on health status of patients with type 2 diabetes.

This study investigated the effects of Tai Chi exercise on the levels of blood glucose, insulin and insulin receptors of patients with type 2 diabetes. Twelve subjects aged 58-75 years old (66.5 ± 8

Epitaxial layers of InGaN light-emitting diodes (LED) were separated from undoped GaN/sapphire structures through a wet lift-off process. A 0.1-µm-thick Si-heavy-doped GaN:Si (n+-GaN) layer was inserted in the InGaN LED structure that acted as a sacrificial layer for a lateral wet etching process. The lateral etching rate of the n+-GaN sacrificial layer was 315 µm/h. The Fabry–Perot interferences of the lift-off InGaN LED membranes were observed in the angle-resolved photoluminescence spectra that indicated that the lift-off InGaN membranes had a flat etched surface. High light extraction efficiency, narrow divergent angle, and flat wet-etched GaN surface were observed on the lift-off InGaN membrane.

High-efficiency InGaN light-emitting diode (LED) with an air-channel structure and a nanoporous structure was fabricated. The air-channel structure was formed through an epitaxial regrowth process on a dry-etched undoped GaN nanorod structure. The GaN:Si nanoporous structure embedded in treated LED structures was fabricated through a photoelectrochemical wet etching process in an oxalic acid solution. Light output powers were enhanced 1.48- and 1.75-fold for the LEDs with an air-channel structure and with a nanoporous/air-channel structure, respectively, in comparison with that of a conventional LED structure. The air-channel structure and the nanoporous GaN:Si structure in the treated LED structures provided high-light-extraction structures.

InGaN membranes with light-emitting diode (LED) structures were separated from an undoped GaN nanorod structure on sapphire substrates through a chemical lift-off (CLO) process. The CLO processes consisted of a reducing diameter process on the GaN nanorods structure and a crystallographic wet-etching process on an N-face GaN surface. The N-face crystallographic-etching process was limited by the boundary of the GaN nanorods, where a InGaN active layer can prevent etching damage in a hot potassium hydroxide solution. The light output power of the lift-off LED membrane had a 2.28 times enhancement compared with a non-treated LED. A pyramidal-roughened structure was formed on the lift-off GaN surface to increase the light extraction efficiency. The free-standing InGaN LED membranes were realized through a crystallographic-etch-limited CLO process, which has the potential to replace the traditional laser lift-off process for vertical LEDs and be applied to flexible optoelectronic membrane applications.

The electrical and magnetic properties of doped polyaniline (PANI) with FeCl 4 - as counterions were measured as a function of the doping level. It was found that: (1) Room temperature conductivity of the doped PANI increases with increase of the doping level, and the maximum conductivity reaches about 8 S/cm. (2) Temperature dependence of conductivity can be expressed by 3D-VRH. the hopping energies (T 0 ) for charge carriers decrease with increase of the doping level. (3) The magnetic susceptibility (X) consists of Curie susceptibility (Xc) and Pauli susceptibility (Xp), which strongly depend on the doping level.

Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), represented as an epididymis-specific gene and designated a WAP four-disulfide core domain protein 2 (WFDC2), is amplified in many tumors. However, little is known about its clinical significance and biological function in gastric carcinomas. We found that HE4 was more commonly observed in gastric carcinoma tissues than in normal tissues and was significantly correlated with Lauren classification, TNM stage, and tumor size by immunohistochemistry. The overall survival rate of patients with HE4 low expression was significantly higher than that of the patients with HE4 high expression. In addition, silencing of HE4 expression inhibits cell proliferation and migration and enhances cell apoptosis. Subsequent studies reveal that the Src, Akt, and Erk1/2 signaling may be involved with pro-survival and anti-apoptotic effects of the HE4 on gastric cancer cells. Taken together, this study provides new evidence on promotive effects of the HE4 on gastric cancer progression and indicates that HE4 might be a promising prognostic factor for gastric cancer diagnosis.