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In the high-level radioactive waste (HLW) deep geological repository, bentonite is compacted uniaxially, and then arranged vertically in engineered barriers. The assembly scheme induces the initial anisotropy, and with hydration, it develops more evidently under chemical conditions. To investigate the anisotropic swelling of compacted Gaomiaozi (GMZ) bentonite and the further response to saline effects, a series of constant-volume swelling pressure tests were performed. Results showed that dry density enhanced the bentonite swelling and raised the final anisotropy, whereas saline inhibited the bentonite swelling but still promoted the final anisotropy. The final anisotropy coefficient (ratio of radial to axial pressure) obeyed the Boltzmann sigmoid attenuation function, decreasing with concentration and dry density, converging to a minimum value of 0.76. The staged evolution of anisotropy coefficient was discovered, that saline inhibited the rise of the anisotropy coefficient (Δδ) in the isotropic process greater than the valley (δ1) in the anisotropic process, leading to the final anisotropy increasing. The isotropic stage amplified the impact of soil structure rearrangement on the macro-swelling pressure values. Thus, a new method for predicting swelling pressures of compacted bentonite was proposed, by expanding the equations of Gouy-Chapman theory with a dissipative wedge term. An evolutionary function was constructed, revealing the correlation between the occurrence time and the pressure value due to the structure rearrangement and the former crystalline swelling. Accordingly, a design reference for dry density was given, based on the chemical conditions around the pre-site in Beishan, China. The anisotropy promoted by saline would cause a greater drop of radial pressure, making the previous threshold on axial swelling fail.

Abstract The combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of tumors is emerging as a way to improve ICIs-resistant tumor therapy. In addition, gut microbes (GMs) are involved in angiogenesis in the tumor microenvironment and are also associated with the antitumor function of immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, it is unclear whether gut microbes have a role in anti-tumor function in the combination of anti-angiogenic drugs and immune checkpoint inhibitors for cancer treatment. Endostatin, an angiogenesis inhibitor, has been widely used as an antiangiogenic therapy for cancer. We showed that combined therapy with an adenovirus encoding human endostatin, named Ad-E, and PD-1 blockade dramatically abrogated MC38 tumor growth. The structure of intestinal microbes in mice was changed after combination treatment. We found that the antitumor function of combination therapy was inhibited after the elimination of intestinal microbes. In mice with depleted microbiota, oral gavage of Bacteroides fragilis salvaged the antitumor effects of combination Ad-E and αPD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) to a certain extent. Further, Bacteroides fragilis could improve CD3+T cells, NK cells, and IFNγ+CD8+ T cells in the tumor microenvironment to inhibit tumor growth. Besides, Bacteroides fragilis might restore antitumor function by down-regulating isobutyric acid (IBA). Our results suggested that GMs may be involved in the combination of Ad-E and αPD-1 mAb for cancer treatment, which has oncological implications for tumor growth dynamics and cancer immune surveillance.

Extrusion-based 3D bioprinting techniques are revolutionizing bioengineering by facilitating the creation of complex 3D microstructures. This review offers a thorough overview of extrusion-based 3D bioprinting methods, particularly highlighting the innovative electric-assisted coil-write 3D bioprinting technology. The review begins by explicating the fundamental principles underlying various extrusion-based 3D bioprinting technologies. It covers the printing equipment composition, suitable materials for 3D bioprinting, and the latest breakthroughs in technology. A critical aspect of this review is the in-depth comparison of the strengths and weaknesses associated with each 3D bioprinting approach. The electro-microfluidic extrusion method and the electric-assisted coil-write 3D bioprinting technology are highlighted. This advanced technology successfully overcomes the limitations of conventional extrusion-based methods, notably in the precise printing of intricately curved line structures with high resolution and speed. This method ingeniously integrates mechanical motion for creating microscale features with electrical coiling for sub-micron details, thus achieving remarkable printing speeds and structural complexity. This review concludes by exploring the potential applications and future advancements of this state-of-the-art technology. It underscores the ability of electric-assisted coil-write 3D bioprinting to develop pioneering materials and micro-devices for a variety of technological sectors, highlighting its transformative impact in bioengineering.

Abstract Abnormal cardiac development has been observed in individuals with Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) due to mutations in genes encoding members of the cohesin complex. However, the precise role of cohesin in heart development remains elusive. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the indispensable role of SMC3, a component of the cohesin complex, in cardiac development and its underlying mechanism. Our investigation revealed that CdLS patients with SMC3 mutations have high rates of congenital heart disease (CHD). We utilized heart-specific Smc3-knockout (SMC3-cKO) mice, which exhibit varying degrees of outflow tract (OFT) abnormalities, to further explore this relationship. Additionally, we identified 16 rare SMC3 variants with potential pathogenicity in individuals with isolated CHD. By employing single-nucleus RNA sequencing and chromosome conformation capture high-throughput genome-wide translocation sequencing, we revealed that Smc3 deletion downregulates the expression of key genes, including Ets2, in OFT cardiac muscle cells by specifically decreasing interactions between super-enhancers (SEs) and promoters. Notably, Ets2-SE-null mice also exhibit delayed OFT development in the heart. Our research revealed a novel role for SMC3 in heart development via the regulation of SE-associated genes, suggesting its potential relevance as a CHD-related gene and providing crucial insights into the molecular basis of cardiac development.

Abstract Drought is a major abiotic stress affecting crop yields. Mapping quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and mining genes for drought tolerance in rice are important for identifying gene functions and targets for molecular breeding. Here, we performed linkage analysis of drought tolerance using a recombinant inbred line population derived from Jileng 1 (drought sensitive) and Milyang 23 (drought tolerant). An ultra-high-density genetic map, previously constructed by our research team using genotype data from whole-genome sequencing, was used in combination with phenotypic data for rice grown under drought stress conditions in the field in 2017–2019. Thirty-nine QTLs related to leaf rolling index and leaf withering degree were identified, and QTLs were found on all chromosomes except chromosomes 6, 10, and 11. qLWD4-1 was detected after 32 days and 46 days of drought stress in 2017 and explained 7.07–8.19% of the phenotypic variation. Two loci, qLRI2-2 and qLWD4-2, were identified after 29, 42, and 57 days of drought stress in 2018. These loci explained 10.59–17.04% and 5.14–5.71% of the phenotypic variation, respectively. There were 281 genes within the QTL interval. Through gene functional annotation and expression analysis, two candidate genes, Os04g0574600 and OsCHR731, were found. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis showed that the expression levels of these genes were significantly higher under drought stress than under normal conditions, indicating positive regulation. Notably, Os04g0574600 was a newly discovered drought tolerance gene. Haplotype analysis showed that the RIL population carried two haplotypes (Hap1 and Hap2) of both genes. Lines carrying Hap2 exhibited significantly or extremely stronger drought tolerance than those carrying Hap1, indicating that Hap2 is an excellent haplotype. Among rice germplasm resources, there were two and three haplotypes of Os04g0574600 and OsCHR731, respectively. A high proportion of local rice resources in Sichuan, Yunnan, Anhui, Guangdong and Fujian provinces had Hap of both genes. In wild rice, 50% of accessions contained Hap1 of Os04g0574600 and 50% carried Hap4; 13.51%, 59.46% and 27.03% of wild rice accessions contained Hap1, Hap2, and Hap3, respectively. Hap2 of Os04g0574600 was found in more indica rice resources than in japonica rice. Therefore, Hap2 has more potential for utilization in future drought tolerance breeding of japonica rice.

ObjectiveThis paper analyzes and models the core logic of a strike chain in terms of time sensitivity, reconfiguration and coverage, thereby providing model and method support for improving the dynamic management ability of naval combat resources under confrontation conditions. MethodsFirst, the typical combat platforms and elements related to the cross-domain cooperative combat of naval battlefields, such as escort ships, UAVs and unmanned boats, are abstracted into four types of resource nodes, namely detection, processing, decision-making and strike. Next, taking the shortest delay as the goal and considering constraints such as wide battlespace, low transmission rate between nodes and limited communication distance, the dynamic integration optimization mathematical model of the strike chain is established. A typical air defense scenario is then designed to demonstrate the shortest delay analysis of the strike chain and the destruction reconstruction analysis under the absence or attack of nodes, and quantitatively describe the changes of the shortest delay and sector coverage index of the reorganized strike chain under countermeasure conditions. Finally, based on a typical combat example of a Ukrainian unmanned cluster attack on the Black Sea Fleet, the ability of the fleet to resist the attack is analyzed on basis of the strike chain model. ResultsThe simulation results show that the model can be used to generate multiple strike chains with the shortest delays, and the responsibility division of each strike chain can be optimized, forming a multi-target killing network at sea. The destruction reconstruction of the strike chain often needs to pay such costs as increased delay and decreased sector coverage. The model can also be used to test anti-saturation attack ability under different formations.ConclusionsThis paper studies and validates the feasibility of analyzing the naval warfare system based on the strike chain model, and can provide theoretical model support for the subsequent design of future naval joint combat systems oriented to the killing network.

Abstract The realization and control of exchange bias (EB) are highly desirable for spintronic applications. All-oxide heterostructures comprised of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic/multiferroic oxides provide an ideal platform to enable the electric-field control of EB, promising for energy-efficient memory and logic devices. However, the low block temperature (TB) and small bias field (HEB) hinder further advances towards room-temperature applications. Here, we report an alternative approach to enhance the interface-induced EB by using ferrimagnetic double-perovskite with B-site cation ordering. In heterostructures comprised of double-perovskite Sr2FeReO6 (SFRO) and LaFeO3 (LFO), a high TB (about 250 K) and large HEB are observed, which is significantly larger than the counterparts with LFO and ferromagnetic oxides. Further analysis suggests that the cation-ordering and ferrimagnetic spin structure of the double-perovskite could contribute significantly to the enhanced exchanged bias when interfacing with G-type antiferromagnets. Our results open a new avenue for developing all-oxides heterostructures for future magnetic technologies.

Poplar stands as one of the primary afforestation trees globally. We successfully generated transgenic poplar trees characterized by enhanced biomass under identical nutrient conditions, through the overexpression of the pivotal nitrogen assimilation gene, pxAlaAT3. An environmental risk assessment was conducted for investigate the potential changes in rhizosphere soil associated with these overexpressing lines (OL). The results show that acid phosphatase activity was significantly altered under ammonium in OL compared to the wild-type control (WT), and a similar difference was observed for protease under nitrate. 16SrDNA sequencing indicated no significant divergence in rhizosphere soil microbial community diversity between WT and OL. Metabolomics analysis revealed that the OL caused minimal alterations in the metabolites of the rhizosphere soil, posing no potential harm to the environment. With these findings in mind, we anticipate that overexpressed plants will not adversely impact the surrounding soil environment.

Abstract Background Extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (ENKTL) with tonsil involvement is not common, especially in children. Case presentation A 13-year-old girl presented with an unexplained sore throat for more than 2 months, together with intermittent fever and suppurative tonsilitis. Nasopharyngoscopy revealed a pharyngeal mass. Enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan showed tonsillar hypertrophy and punctate calcification. Chronic pyogenic granulomatous inflammation with pseudoepithelial squamous epithelial hyperplasia was observed in left tonsil, and pyogenic granulomatous inflammation and a small number of T-lymphoid cells were detected in the right tonsil. The immunohistochemical results showed CD2+, CD3+, CD4+, CD5+, CD8+, granzyme B+, and TIA-1+. The Ki-67 proliferation index was 20%. The case showed T cell receptor gene rearrangement. Finally, the case was diagnosed as ENKTL of stage II with tonsil involvement. The patient received 6 cycles of chemotherapy with SMILE regimen, and showed complete response with no recurrence in the follow-up. Conclusion We presented a rare case of ENKTL with tonsil involvement in a child. The patient showed complete response to the SMILE chemotherapy with no recurrence.

Abstract Background Endometriosis (EMs) is an enigmatic disease of yet-unknown pathogenesis. Disulfidptosis, a novel identified form of programmed cell death resulting from disulfide stress, stands a chance of treating diverse ailments. However, the potential roles of disulfidptosis-related genes (DRGs) in EMs remain elusive. This study aims to thoroughly explore the key disulfidptosis genes involved in EMs, and probe novel diagnostic markers and candidate therapeutic compounds from the aspect of disulfidptosis based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and animal experiments. Results Enrichment analysis on key module genes and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) of eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues in EMs suggested that EMs was closely related to disulfidptosis. And then, we obtained 20 and 16 disulfidptosis-related DEGs in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, respectively. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network revealed complex interactions between genes, and screened nine and ten hub genes in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, respectively. Furthermore, immune infiltration analysis uncovered distinct differences in the immunocyte, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) gene set, and immune checkpoints in the eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissues when compared with health control. Besides, the hub genes mentioned above showed a close correlation with the immune microenvironment of EMs. Furthermore, four machine learning algorithms were applied to screen signature genes in eutopic and ectopic endometrial tissue, including the binary logistic regression (BLR), the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO), the support vector machine-recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE), and the extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Model training and hyperparameter tuning were implemented on 80% of the data using a ten-fold cross-validation method, and tested in the testing sets which determined the excellent diagnostic performance of these models by six indicators (Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Value, Negative Predictive Value, Accuracy, and Area Under Curve). And seven eutopic signature genes (ACTB, GYS1, IQGAP1, MYH10, NUBPL, SLC7A11, TLN1) and five ectopic signature genes (CAPZB, CD2AP, MYH10, OXSM, PDLIM1) were finally identified based on machine learning. The independent validation dataset also showed high accuracy of the signature genes (IQGAP1, SLC7A11, CD2AP, MYH10, PDLIM1) in predicting EMs. Moreover, we screened 12 specific compounds for EMs based on ectopic signature genes and the pharmacological impact of tretinoin on signature genes was further verified in the ectopic lesion in the EMs murine model. Conclusion This study verified a close association between disulfidptosis and EMs based on bioinformatics analysis, machine learning, and animal experiments. Further investigation on the biological mechanism of disulfidptosis in EMs is anticipated to yield novel advancements for searching for potential diagnostic biomarkers and revolutionary therapeutic approaches in EMs.

Abstract Background Proprotein convertase subtilisins/kexin 6 (PCSK6) polymorphisms have been shown to be associated with atherosclerosis progression. This research aimed to evaluate the relationship of PCSK6 rs1531817 polymorphisms with coronary stenosis and the prognosis in premature myocardial infarction (PMI) patients. Methods This prospective cohort analysis consecutively included 605 PMI patients who performed emergency percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at Tianjin Chest Hospital sequentially between January 2017 and August 2022, with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) as the outcome. Analyses assessed the relationships among PCSK6 rs1531817 polymorphism, Gensini score (GS), triple vessel disease (TVD), and MACEs. Results 92 (16.8%) patients experienced MACEs with an average follow-up of 25.7 months. Logistic analysis revealed that the PCSK6 rs1531817 CA + AA genotype was an independent protective factor against high GS and TVD. Cox analysis revealed that the PCSK6 rs1531817 CA + AA genotype was an independent protective factor against MACEs. The mediation effect results showed that apolipoprotein A1/apolipoprotein B (ApoA1/ApoB) partially mediated the association between PCSK6 rs1531817 polymorphism and coronary stenosis and that total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein (TC/HDL) and TVD partially and in parallel mediated the association between the PCSK6 rs1531817 polymorphism and MACEs. Conclusion Patients with the PCSK6 CA + AA genotype have milder coronary stenosis and a better long-term prognosis; according to the mediation model, ApoA1/ApoB and TC/HDL partially mediate. These results may provide a new perspective on clinical therapeutic strategy for anti-atherosclerosis and improved prognosis in PMI patients.

Abstract Magnons, bosonic quasiparticles carrying angular momentum, can flow through insulators for information transmission with minimal power dissipation. However, it remains challenging to develop a magnon-based logic due to the lack of efficient electrical manipulation of magnon transport. Here we show the electric excitation and control of multiferroic magnon modes in a spin-source/multiferroic/ferromagnet structure. We demonstrate that the ferroelectric polarization can electrically modulate the magnon-mediated spin-orbit torque by controlling the non-collinear antiferromagnetic structure in multiferroic bismuth ferrite thin films with coupled antiferromagnetic and ferroelectric orders. In this multiferroic magnon torque device, magnon information is encoded to ferromagnetic bits by the magnon-mediated spin torque. By manipulating the two coupled non-volatile state variables—ferroelectric polarization and magnetization—we further present reconfigurable logic operations in a single device. Our findings highlight the potential of multiferroics for controlling magnon information transport and offer a pathway towards room-temperature voltage-controlled, low-power, scalable magnonics for in-memory computing.

Due to the concentrated carbon emission sources and the enormous carbon emissions in the Ningxia Hui Autonomous, it is necessary to evaluate carbon sequestration potential to support future CCUS planning and major demonstrations. Based on the basic geological conditions for carbon sequestration in Ningxia, this study used the volumetric method of the US Department of Energy (US-DOE) to assess the geological potential for deep saline aquifer sequestration in Ningxia. The results show that the predicted geological potential of carbon sequestration in the deep saline aquifers in Ningxia is approximately 86.742 billion tons, with the predicted technical capacity of about 42.334 billion tons. The main reservoirs are concentrated in the Yanchi area in eastern Ningxia and the Liupan Mountain Basin. A preliminary evaluation of the suitability of saline aquifer sequestration in Ningxia was conducted by considering many factors such as the overall sequestration potential, cap rock integrity, geological stability, and socio-environmental risks. The results indicate that the Yanchi area in eastern Ningxia has favorable reservoir and cap rock conditions, stable structures, and low population density, making it a potential region for CO2 sequestration in Ningxia.

Abstract Ovalbumin (OVA) in egg is one of the predominant causes of food allergy around the world. In the present study, the alleviating effect of selenium‐enriched tea polysaccharide (Se‐TPS) on OVA allergy was evaluated, and the underlying mechanistic insights were investigated. Se‐TPS significantly alleviated the clinical manifestations and diarrhea of allergic mice, accelerated the recovery of jejunal injury, and decreased the immune organ index. Meanwhile, Se‐TPS decreased the levels of immunoglobulin E (IgE), histamine, and IL‐4 in serum, increased the levels of IFN‐γ, and promoted the balance of Th1/Th2 cells. Furthermore, the intervention of Se‐TPS reshaped the gut microbiota structure of OVA‐allergic mice. Se‐TPS increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group, unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae, and Alistipes, whereas decreased the Faecalibaculum abundance. Analysis of intestinal metabolites showed that Se‐TPS treatment caused a significant increase in homocitrulline and 7a‐hydroxyandrost‐4‐ene‐3,17‐dione levels. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment results indicated that Se‐TPS treatment may alleviate allergic symptoms by enhancing the anti‐inflammatory ability of OVA‐allergic mice through neuroimmunity.

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the altered pathways and genes associated with freezing damage in human sperm during cryopreservation by multiomics analysis. Materials and Methods: Fifteen fresh human semen samples were collected for transcriptomic analysis, and another 5 fresh human semen samples were obtained for metabolomic analysis. For each semen sample, 1 mL was cryopreserved, and another 1 mL was left untreated for paired design. The results were then combined with previously published proteomic results to identify key genes/pathways. Results: Cryopreservation significantly reduced sperm motility and mitochondrial structure. Transcriptomic analysis revealed altered mitochondrial function, including changes in tRNA-methyltransferase activity and adenosine tri-phosphate/adenosine di-phosphate transmembrane transporter activity. Metabolomic analysis showed that the citrate cycle in mitochondria was significantly altered. Combining transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses revealed 346 genes that were altered in at least two omics analyses. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis showed that metabolic pathways were significantly altered and strongly associated with mitochondria. Five genes were altered in all three omics analyses: COL11A1, COL18A1, LPCAT3, NME1, and NNT. Conclusions: Five genes were identified by multiomics analysis in human cryopreserved sperm. These genes might have specific functions in cryopreservation. Explorations of the functions of these genes will be helpful for sperm cryopreservation and sperm motility improvement or even for reproduction in the future.

Abstract Postoperative neurological dysfunction (PND) is one of the most common complications after a total aortic arch replacement (TAAR). Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) monitoring of cerebral hypoxia injury during TAAR is a promising technique for preventing the occurrence of PND. This study aimed to explore the feasibility of electrical impedance tomography (EIT) for warning of potential brain injury during total aortic arch replacement (TAAR) through building the correlation between EIT extracted parameters and variation of neurological biomarkers in serum. Patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection and requiring TAAR who were admitted between December 2021 to March 2022 were included. A 16-electrode EIT system was adopted to monitor each patient’s cerebral impedance intraoperatively. Five parameters of EIT signals regarding to the hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA) period were extracted. Meanwhile, concentration of four neurological biomarkers in serum were measured regarding to time before and right after surgery, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after surgery. The correlation between EIT parameters and variation of serum biomarkers were analyzed. A total of 57 TAAR patients were recruited. The correlation between EIT parameters and variation of biomarkers were stronger for patients with postoperative neurological dysfunction (PND(+)) than those without postoperative neurological dysfunction (PND(−)) in general. Particularly, variation of S100B after surgery had significantly moderate correlation with two parameters regarding to the difference of impedance between left and right brain which were MRAIabs and TRAIabs (0.500 and 0.485 with p

Both increased plant density and wide seedling strip planting (WSP) can improve wheat grain yield. However, whether and how greater gains in grain yield can be achieved by combining WSP with an increased plant density is unclear. In this study, two winter wheat cultivars were subjected to three plant densities (lower, normal, and higher) and two planting patterns (conventional planting [CP] and WSP). The effects of plant density, planting pattern, and their combination on the solar radiation interception and conversion, biomass accumulation, harvest index, and grain yield were investigated. In response to an increase in plant density from lower to higher and a shift from CP to WSP and their combination, grain yield increased by 15.43 %, 10.85 % and 27.62 % for cultivar Taimai198, and by 13.13 %, 8.31 % and 22.41 % for Shannong30, respectively. The larger increases in grain yield were mainly ascribed to enhanced dry matter production, in particular after anthesis with no variation or a slight decline in the harvest index. The higher plant density was the dominant driver of the enhanced radiation interception, whereas WSP was mainly responsible for ameliorating the reduction in radiation use efficiency (RUE) caused by the higher plant density. The combined effects of these two management practices in increasing grain yield were much greater than the independent effects of a shift from CP to WSP or an increase in plant density. Optimizing the planting method may thus be a promising option for further improving grain yield of a densely planted wheat population by increasing the RUE.

Abstract Background Monosaccharide transporter (MST) family, as a carrier for monosaccharide transport, plays an important role in carbon partitioning and widely involves in plant growth and development, stress response, and signaling transduction. However, little information on the MST family genes is reported in maize (Zea mays), especially in response to abiotic stresses. In this study, the genome-wide identification of MST family genes was performed in maize. Result A total of sixty-six putative members of MST gene family were identified and divided into seven subfamilies (including SPT, PMT, VGT, INT, pGlcT, TMT, and ERD) using bioinformatics approaches, and gene information, phylogenetic tree, chromosomal location, gene structure, motif composition, and cis-acting elements were investigated. Eight tandem and twelve segmental duplication events were identified, which played an important role in the expansion of the ZmMST family. Synteny analysis revealed the evolutionary features of MST genes in three gramineous crop species. The expression analysis indicated that most of the PMT, VGT, and ERD subfamilies members responded to osmotic and cadmium stresses, and some of them were regulated by ABA signaling, while only a few members of other subfamilies responded to stresses. In addition, only five genes were induced by NaCl stress in MST family. Conclusion These results serve to understand the evolutionary relationships of the ZmMST family genes and supply some insight into the processes of monosaccharide transport and carbon partitioning on the balance between plant growth and development and stress response in maize.

Abstract Background Associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake are inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the discrepancy between the perceived and actual HIV risk, and quantify the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and three HIV prevention services utilization among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Shandong province, China. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shandong province in June 2021. Participants were eligible if they were born biologically male, aged 18 years or older, had negative or unknown HIV status, and had sex with men in the past year. Participants were recruited online. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated by calculating the Kappa value. Bayesian model averaging was used to assess the associations between perceived and actual risk of HIV infection and HIV prevention services uptake. Results A total of 1136 MSM were recruited, most of them were 30 years old or younger (59.9%), single (79.5%), with at least college education level (74.7%). Most participants (97.4%) perceived that they had low risk of HIV infection, and 14.1% were assessed with high actual risk. The discrepancy between their perceived and actual risk of HIV infection was evaluated with a Kappa value of 0.076 (P

Ceria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (Ce-TZP) has exceptional fracture toughness and flaw tolerance due to facile t‒m phase transformation toughening. However, its wider-range applications are limited by its relatively low strength due to its large grain size and low transformation stress, which results in yield-like failure. Here, we combined additive manufacturing (AM), pressureless two-step sintering, and hot isostatic pressing (HIP), and addressed the challenging grain size refinement problem in Ce-TZPs. We successfully produced dense ultrafine-grained Ce-TZP ceramics with an average grain size below 500 nm, a three-point bending strength above 800 MPa, and a single-edge-notch-beam fracture toughness in the range of 11‒12 MPa·m1/2. The critical roles of processing design, mixed Ce valences, and under- vs. over-stabilization of tetragonal polymorphs were noted. Our work offers insights and strategies for the future development of stronger and tougher Ce-TZP ceramics that can compete with tetragonal yttria-stabilized zirconia in various applications, including additive manufacturing.

Abstract Objective Most studies investigated the relationship between COVID-19 and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) by comparing the incidence of GBS before and during the pandemic of COVID-19. However, the findings were inconsistent, probably owing to varying degrees of the lockdown policy. The quarantine requirements and travel restrictions in China were lifted around December 7, 2022. This study aimed to explore whether the relative frequency of GBS increased during the major outbreak in the absence of COVID-19-mandated social restrictions in China. Methods GBS patients admitted to the First Hospital, Shanxi Medical University, from December 7, 2022 to February 20, 2023, and from June, 2017 to August, 2019 were included. The relative frequencies of GBS in hospitalized patients during different periods were compared. The patients with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection within six weeks prior to GBS onset formed the COVID-GBS group and non-COVID-GBS group, respectively. Results The relative frequency of GBS among hospitalized patients during the major outbreak of COVID-19 (13/14,408) was significantly higher than that before the COVID-19 epidemic (29/160,669, P

Abstract Background Inflammation and dysregulated immunity play vital roles in idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH), while the mechanisms that initiate and promote these processes are unclear. Methods Transcriptomic data of lung tissues from IPAH patients and controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), differential expression analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) and functional enrichment analysis were combined with a hemodynamically-related histopathological score to identify inflammation-associated hub genes in IPAH. The monocrotaline-induced rat model of pulmonary hypertension was utilized to confirm the expression pattern of these hub genes. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) data were used to identify the hub gene-expressing cell types and their intercellular interactions. Results Through an extensive bioinformatics analysis, CXCL9, CCL5, GZMA and GZMK were identified as hub genes that distinguished IPAH patients from controls. Among these genes, pulmonary expression levels of Cxcl9, Ccl5 and Gzma were elevated in monocrotaline-exposed rats. Further investigation revealed that only CCL5 and GZMA were highly expressed in T and NK cells, where CCL5 mediated T and NK cell interaction with endothelial cells, smooth muscle cells, and fibroblasts through multiple receptors. Conclusions Our study identified a new inflammatory pathway in IPAH, where T and NK cells drove heightened inflammation predominantly via the upregulation of CCL5, providing groundwork for the development of targeted therapeutics.

Abstract Background The lncRNA growth arrest-specific 5 (GAS5) is involved in regulating breast cancer progression. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the function and mechanism of GAS5 in breast cancer. Methods The expressions of GAS5, fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO), insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA-binding protein 2 (IGF2BP2), and Quaking (QKI) were assessed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blot. The m6A modification level of GAS5 was detected using m6A immunoprecipitation assay (MeRIP). The interaction between IGF2BP2 and GAS5 or QKI was detected using RNA immunoprecipitation assay (RIP) and dual luciferase reporter assay. Cell proliferation was measured using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The biological functions of the FTO/GAS5/IGF2BP2/QKI axis was assessed using the tumor xenograft assay. Results LncRNA GAS5 expression decreased in breast cancer and was regulated by FTO-mediated m6A modification in an IGF2BP2-dependent manner, resulting in decreased GAS5 stability and expression. GAS5 recruited IGF2BP2 to target QKI and upregulated QKI expression in breast cancer cells. GAS5 suppressed breast cancer growth via IGF2BP2/QKI, and this inhibitory effect was modulated by FTO both in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions GAS5 regulated by FTO-mediated m6A modification represses the growth of breast cancer via the IGF2BP2/QKI pathway, suggesting that the FTO/GAS5/IGF2BP2/QKI pathway can be a potential target for breast cancer treatment.

BackgroundRecent advances in microbiome research have revealed the presence of diverse microbial communities in human tissues previously thought to be sterile. The present study delves into the emerging field of seminal plasma microbiomics, examining the relationship between semen microbes and semen parameters and post-freezing tolerance.MethodsThe study involved a cohort of healthy fertility males and microbial genome analysis using 16S rRNA to characterize the microbial diversity of seminal plasma. Microbial diversity analysis identified unique amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) and genera dominant in seminal plasma. Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to assess the relationship between flora and semen parameters. A paired t-test was used to compare the changes in microbiome expression in seminal plasma before and after cryo-resuscitation.ResultsThe relevant results show that the top five phyla in terms of abundance of seminal plasma microbiome were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteriota, and Campylobacterota. Spearman correlation analysis highlighted the association between specific microbial species and semen parameters, between Porphyromonas_asaccharolytica and sperm concentration. Microbial changed significantly after cryo-resuscitation, affecting taxonomic units such as Campylobacter and Muribaculaceae, and KEGG enrichment analyses, suggesting that metabolic pathways are associated with sperm freezing. Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes and Eptoniphilus_duerdenii exhibited a potential impact, while Orynebacterium_tuberculostearicum demonstrated a positive correlation with the recovery rate of progressive motile sperm.ConclusionThe semen of normal fertile individuals contains a microflora component that is closely related to semen quality, including the sperm’s ability to withstand freezing.

This comprehensive review articulates critical insights into the nexus of environmental stressors and their health impacts across diverse species, underscoring significant findings that reveal profound effects on both wildlife and human health systems. Central to our examination is the role of pollutants, climate variables, and pathogens in contributing to complex disease dynamics and physiological disruptions, with particular emphasis on immune and endocrine functions. This research brings to light emerging evidence on the severe implications of environmental pressures on a variety of taxa, including predatory mammals, raptorial birds, seabirds, fish, and humans, which are pivotal as indicators of broader ecosystem health and stability. We delve into the nuanced interplay between environmental degradation and zoonotic diseases, highlighting novel intersections that pose significant risks to biodiversity and human populations. The review critically evaluates current methodologies and advances in understanding the morphological, histopathological, and biochemical responses of these organisms to environmental stressors. We discuss the implications of our findings for conservation strategies, advocating for a more integrated approach that incorporates the dynamics of zoonoses and pollution control. This synthesis not only contributes to the academic discourse but also aims to influence policy by aligning with the Global Goals for Sustainable Development. It underscores the urgent need for sustainable interactions between humans and their environments, which are critical for preserving biodiversity and ensuring global health security. By presenting a detailed analysis of the interdependencies between environmental stressors and biological health, this review highlights significant gaps in current research and provides a foundation for future studies aimed at mitigating these pressing issues. Our study is significant as it proposes integrative and actionable strategies to address the challenges at the intersection of environmental change and public health, marking a crucial step forward in planetary health science.

BackgroundPulmonary fibrosis (PF) emerges as a significant pulmonary sequelae in the convalescent phase of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), with current strategies neither specifically preventive nor therapeutic. Licoricesaponin G2 (LG2) displays a spectrum of natural activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties, and has been effectively used in treating various respiratory conditions. However, the potential protective effects of LG2 against PF remain underexplored.MethodsNetwork analysis and molecular docking were conducted in combination to identify the core targets and pathways through which LG2 acts against PF. In the model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced C57 mice and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced A549 and MRC5 cells, techniques such as western blot (WB), quantitative Real-Time PCR (qPCR), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), Immunofluorescence (IF), and Transwell migration assays were utilized to analyze the expression of Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and inflammation proteins. Based on the analysis above, we identified targets and potential mechanisms underlying LG2’s effects against PF.ResultsNetwork analysis has suggested that the mechanism by which LG2 combats PF may involve the TNF-α pathway. Molecular docking studies have demonstrated a high binding affinity of LG2 to TNF-α and MMP9. Observations from the study indicated that LG2 may mitigate PF by modulating EMT and extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. It is proposed that the therapeutic effect is likely arises from the inhibition of inflammatory expression through regulation of the TNF-α pathway.ConclusionLG2 mitigates PF by suppressing TNF-α signaling pathway activation, modulating EMT, and remodeling the ECM. These results provide compelling evidence supporting the use of LG2 as a potential natural therapeutic agent for PF in clinical trials.

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) play a crucial role in tumor initiation, recurrence, metastasis, and drug resistance. However, the current understanding of CSCs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains incomplete. Through a comprehensive analysis of the database, it has been observed that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase (HMGCR), a critical enzyme involved in cholesterol synthesis, is up-regulated in HCC tissues and liver CSCs. Moreover, high expression of HMGCR is associated with a poor prognosis in patients with HCC. Functionally, HMGCR promotes the stemness and metastasis of HCC both in vitro and in vivo. By screening various signaling pathway inhibitors, we have determined that HMGCR regulates stemness and metastasis by activating the Hedgehog signaling in HCC. Mechanistically, HMGCR positively correlates with the expression of the Smoothened receptor and facilitates the nuclear translocation of the transcriptional activator GLI family zinc finger 1. Inhibition of the Hedgehog pathway can reverse the stimulatory effects of HMGCR on stemness and metastasis in HCC. Notably, simvastatin, an FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drug, has been shown to inhibit stemness and metastasis of HCC by targeting HMGCR. Taken together, our findings suggest that HMGCR promotes the regeneration and metastasis of HCC through the activation of Hedgehog signaling, and simvastatin holds the potential for clinical suppression of HCC metastasis.

Viscosity and absorption capacity are the main indexes to evaluate functionalized ionic liquids. Based on the precise design strategy of both anion and cation absorption, a dual-functionalized protic IL diethylenetriamine methylurea ([DETAH][MEUR]) for trapping CO2 was successfully synthesized. The absorption and regeneration properties of the ILs solution were tested, and the changes in the physical properties of ILs before and after CO2 absorption were compared. The experimental results showed that the [DETAH][MEUR] solution had relatively low viscosity, excellent absorption property with 2.05 mol CO2/mol IL at 40 °C and 0.5 mol/L concentration, and its regeneration efficiencies still kept above 90.09 % after five cycles. In addition, the mechanism of the absorption reaction was explored by combining Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, carbon nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT) calculation methods. It shows that in [DETAH][MEUR] solution, the N atom losing proton (-NH) in the anion is the main absorption site, and the primary amine (-NH2) in the protonated cation [DETAH]+ of secondary amine is used as an auxiliary cooperative trapping CO2. Hopefully, this work can provide a new way for the research and development of green CO2 absorbents.

Introduction The role of SMU1 in DNA replication and RNA splicing is well-established, yet its specific function and dysregulated mechanisms in gastric cancer (GC) remain inadequately elucidated. This study seeks to investigate the potential oncogenic and progression-promoting effects of SMU1 in GC, with the ultimate goal of informing novel approaches for treatment and diagnosis. Methods The study investigated the expression levels of SMU1 in GC and adjacent normal tissues by analyzing data from the TCGA (27 tissue pairs) and GEO (47 tissue pairs) databases. Immunohistochemistry was used to examine 277 tumor tissue and adjacent non-tumor tissue spots from GC tissue chips, along with relevant follow-up information. The study further assessed the proliferation, invasion, and migration capabilities of cells by manipulating SMU1 expression levels and conducting various assays, including CCK-8, EdU incorporation, colony formation, transwells, flow cytometry, and subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays. Results Our study revealed a significant upregulation of SMU1 mRNA and protein levels in GC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. Univariate and multivariate Cox analysis demonstrated that elevated levels of SMU1 were independent prognostic factors for GC prognosis ( P = 0.036). Additionally, median survival analysis indicated a significant association between high SMU1 expression and poor prognosis in GC patients ( P = 0.0002). In experiments conducted both in vivo and in vitro, it was determined that elevated levels of SMU1 can enhance the proliferation, invasion, and migration of GC cells, whereas suppression of SMU1 can impede the progression of GC by modulating the G1/S checkpoint of the cell cycle. Conclusions Our research introduces the novel idea that SMU1 could serve as a prognostic marker for GC progression, influencing cell proliferation through cell cycle activation. These results offer valuable insights into the understanding, diagnosis, and management of gastric carcinoma.

Arctic cities are at the forefront of climate change, experiencing distinctive obstacles in their endeavors to pursue green transitions and attain sustainability objectives. These cities are marked by high energy consumption, primarily driven by activities related to resource extraction and the demanding climate. Moreover, they rely heavily on natural resources for growth, have limited infrastructure, and experience significant external and internal remoteness. This article presents a comprehensive analysis of urban sustainability in Arctic cities, focusing on key themes, trends, and challenges. Through a systematic review of extant literature, this study examines current research on urban sustainability in the Arctic and identifies crucial gaps, delineating a path to sustainability. Using VOSviewer software, six thematic clusters were identified: climate change and environmental adaptation, SDGs and smart urban planning, sustainable development and urban governance, sustainable economic development, social sustainability, and green energy transition. These clusters provide valuable insights into the dominant themes and evolving discourse in Arctic sustainability research. The findings show that the literature focuses predominantly on Russian Arctic cities, signaling an imperative for a more inclusive strategy encompassing a broader spectrum of Arctic cities. Additionally, sustainability is inherently site-specific and necessitates a nuanced understanding that incorporates different stakeholders’ perspectives and considers particular regional traits to create a more effective and meaningful approach to measuring and achieving sustainability in Arctic cities. This article contributes to the ongoing discourse on sustainability in Arctic cities by advocating for a comprehensive framework that accommodates unique challenges and opportunities of Arctic urban environments.

Arctic cities are often perceived as exceptional and uniquely challenged by extreme conditions, leading to their treatment as special cases in urban planning and development. However, this perception overlooks the reality that Arctic cities share similar issues common to many small and medium-sized urban centers globally, such as mobility, climate adaptation, and aging populations. By recognizing Arctic cities as ordinary cities, we can better address their needs and foster effective solutions. This article reflects on the results of a fourth-year Master-level course in Sustainable Urban Development, where students researched urban sustainability aspects (e.g., mobility, green infrastructure, energy, public spaces) in northern regions of Finland, Sweden, and Norway. It analyzes pedagogical approaches, highlighting challenges in integrating sustainability perspectives into architecture and planning curricula. Findings hold relevance for educators seeking to address similar challenges in the Arctic or other ordinary cities worldwide, contributing to more resilient and sustainable urban development across diverse environments.

BackgroundNeuroblastoma (NB) primarily arises in children who are

IntroductionCompanion animals offer a unique opportunity to investigate risk factors and exposures in our shared environment. Passive sampling techniques have proven effective in capturing environmental exposures in dogs and humans.MethodsIn a pilot study, we deployed silicone monitoring devices (tags) on the collars of a sample of 15 dogs from the Dog Aging Project Pack cohort for a period of 120 h (5 days). We extracted and analyzed the tags via gas chromatography–mass spectrometry for 119 chemical compounds in and around participants’ homes.ResultsAnalytes belonging to the following chemical classes were detected: brominated flame retardants (BFRs), organophosphate esters (OPEs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), pesticides, phthalates, and personal care products. The types and amounts of analytes detected varied substantially among participants.DiscussionData from this pilot study indicate that silicone dog tags are an effective means to detect and measure chemical exposure in and around pet dogs’ households. Having created a sound methodological infrastructure, we will deploy tags to a geographically diverse and larger sample size of Dog Aging Project participants with a goal of further assessing geographic variation in exposures.

DEAD-box helicases are multifunctional proteins participating in many aspects of cellular RNA metabolism. DEAD-box helicase 41 (DDX41) in particular has pivotal roles in innate immune sensing and hematopoietic homeostasis. DDX41 recognizes foreign or self-nucleic acids generated during microbial infection, thereby initiating anti-pathogen responses. DDX41 also binds to RNA (R)-loops, structures consisting of DNA/RNA hybrids and a displaced strand of DNA that occur during transcription, thereby maintaining genome stability by preventing their accumulation. DDX41 deficiency leads to increased R-loop levels, resulting in inflammatory responses that likely influence hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell production and development. Beyond nucleic acid binding, DDX41 associates with proteins involved in RNA splicing as well as cellular proteins involved in innate immunity. DDX41 is also a tumor suppressor in familial and sporadic myelodysplastic syndrome/acute myelogenous leukemia (MDS/AML). In the present review, we summarize the functions of DDX helicases in critical biological processes, particularly focusing on DDX41’s association with cellular molecules and the mechanisms underlying its roles in innate immunity, hematopoiesis and the development of myeloid malignancies.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to establish and validate a nomogram prognostic model for predicting short-term efficacy of acetylcholine receptor antibody-positive (AChR-Ab+) generalized myasthenia gravis (GMG). Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted at the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, enrolling patients diagnosed with AChR-Ab+ GMG from May 2020 to September 2022. The primary outcome was the change in the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) post-intervention status after 6 months of standard treatment. Predictive factors were identified through univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses, with significant factors incorporated into the nomogram. The bootstrap test was used for internal validation of the nomogram model. Model performance was assessed using calibration curves, receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, and decision curve analysis (DCA). Results A total of 90 patients were enrolled, of whom 30 achieved unchanged or worse status after 6 months of standard therapy. Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that quantitative myasthenia gravis score, gender, body mass index, course of disease, hemoglobin levels, and white blood cell counts were six potential predictors. These factors were used for multivariate logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram was constructed. The calibration curve showed that the predicted value was in good agreement with the actual value (p = 0.707), and the area under the curve value (0.792, 95% CI 0.686–0.899) indicated good discrimination ability. DCA suggests that this model has potential clinical application value. Conclusion The constructed nomogram, based on key patient indicators, shows promise as a clinically useful tool for predicting the short-term efficacy of treatment of AChR-Ab+ GMG. Validation in larger, multicenter cohorts is needed to further substantiate its applicability.

Abstract Introduction The replacement intervals for infusion sets may differ among healthcare institutions, which may have an impact on the occurrence of central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSI). Nevertheless, there exists a limited amount of high-quality evidence available to assist clinicians in determining the most suitable replacement intervals for infusion sets. Therefore, the objective of this trial is to compare the efficacy of 24-h and 96-h replacement intervals for infusion sets on CLABSI among critically ill adults who have central venous access devices. Methods This is a multicenter, parallel-group randomized controlled trial that will investigate the effect of infusion set replacement intervals on CLABSI in adult patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). The study will enroll 1240 participants who meet the inclusion criteria, which includes being 18 years or older, expected to stay in the ICU for longer than 96 h, and in need of central venous access. Participants will be randomly assigned to either a control group receiving a 96-h replacement interval or a treatment group receiving a 24-h replacement interval. Planned Outcome The primary outcome of this trial is the rate of CLABSI within 28 days after randomization. Conclusion This is the first randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects of infusion set replacement at 24-h and 96-h intervals on CLABSI in ICU patients. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT05359601.

Abstract Background Clinical practice guidelines on limitation of life-sustaining treatments (LST) in the intensive care unit (ICU), in the form of withholding or withdrawal of LST, state that there is no ethical difference between the two. Such statements are not uniformly accepted worldwide, and there are few studies on LST limitation in Asia. This study aimed to evaluate the predictors and outcomes of withholding and withdrawal of LST in Singapore, focusing on the similarities and differences between the two approaches. Methods This was a multicentre observational study of patients admitted to 21 adult ICUs across 9 public hospitals in Singapore over an average of three months per year from 2014 to 2019. The primary outcome measures were withholding and withdrawal of LST (cardiopulmonary resuscitation, invasive mechanical ventilation, and vasopressors/inotropes). The secondary outcome measure was hospital mortality. Multivariable generalised mixed model analysis was used to identify independent predictors for withdrawal and withholding of LST and if LST limitation predicts hospital mortality. Results There were 8907 patients and 9723 admissions. Of the former, 80.8% had no limitation of LST, 13.0% had LST withheld, and 6.2% had LST withdrawn. Common independent predictors for withholding and withdrawal were increasing age, absence of chronic kidney dialysis, greater dependence in activities of daily living, cardiopulmonary resuscitation before ICU admission, higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score, and higher level of care in the first 24 h of ICU admission. Additional predictors for withholding included being of Chinese race, the religions of Hinduism and Islam, malignancy, and chronic liver failure. The additional predictor for withdrawal was lower hospital paying class (with greater government subsidy for hospital bills). Hospital mortality in patients without LST limitation, with LST withholding, and with LST withdrawal was 10.6%, 82.1%, and 91.8%, respectively (p

Abstract Background Proper flowering time is important for the growth and development of plants, and both too early and too late flowering impose strong negative influences on plant adaptation and seed yield. Thus, it is vitally important to study the mechanism underlying flowering time control in plants. In a previous study by the authors, genome-wide association analysis was used to screen the candidate gene SISTER OF FCA (SSF) that regulates FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC), a central gene encoding a flowering suppressor in Arabidopsis thaliana. Results SSF physically interacts with Protein arginine methyltransferase 5 (PRMT5, SKB1). Subcellular co—localization analysis showed that SSF and SKB1 interact in the nucleus. Genetically, SSF and SKB1 exist in the same regulatory pathway that controls FLC expression. Furthermore, RNA-sequencing analysis showed that both SSF and SKB1 regulate certain common pathways. Conclusions This study shows that PRMT5 interacts with SSF, thus controlling FLC expression and facilitating flowering time control.

Vegetation restoration is crucial for improving the ecological environment of mining areas, which could promote the development of reconstructed soil, thus regulating biogeochemical cycles, and exerting ecosystem functions. Therefore, it is essential and necessary to conduct in-depth research on the impact of vegetation restoration on soil microbial communities in open-pit mining areas. In this study, surface soil samples were collected from six typical reclamation plots, including bare land (CK), Medicago sativa (GL), Hippophae rhamnoides (BL), Pinus tabulaeformis (CF), Populus tomentosa (BF), and Populus tomentosa + Pinus tabulaeformis (MF), located in the eastern waste dump of Heidaigou mining area of Zhungeer Banner, Inner Mongolia. High throughput sequencing, co-occurrence networks, and correlation analysis were used to explore the influential mechanism of vegetation types on soil abundant, rare bacterial and fungal community structural composition and diversity. Results showed that ① there were significant differences in the effects of different vegetation restoration types on soil physicochemical properties and enzyme activity (P

Starch production from fresh sweet potatoes generates process wastewater called sweet potato cell liquid (SPCL), which is rich in sweet potato protein (SPP). Currently, the commonly used protein recovery methods, such as isoelectric point precipitation and ultrafiltration, were not suitable for SPP recovery due to the low protein content of SPCL and the high cost of recovery. The feasibility of recovering SPP by SPCL acidification via inoculation-assisted fermentation was investigated in this study. The results indicated that the pH of SPCL could be reduced to approximately 4.0 within 6 h of fermentation with inoculation, resulting in an SPP extraction yield of 55.45% and purity of 66.23 g protein/100 g. With the addition of heating treatment, the extraction yield of SPP increased to 76.97–95.34%, while it maintained the purity of 66.36–70.12 g protein/100 g. The composition analysis revealed that SPP products contained sugars (below 11.5 g/100 g) in addition to protein and trace amounts of lignin and phenolics. Functional properties analysis showed that the SPP recovered by inoculation-enhanced fermentation exhibited better emulsifying and foaming properties, and higher digestibility compared to the SPP precipitated using hydrochloric acid. The method of extracting SPP from SPCL by inoculation-enhanced fermentation, as developed in this study, was a straightforward and cost-effective process that fosters significant potential for industrial applications.

Abstract Our study aimed to identify the optimal scoring system for predicting the prognosis of patients with sepsis-associated acute respiratory failure (SA-ARF). All data were taken from the fourth version of the Markets in Intensive Care Medicine (MIMIC-IV) database. Independent risk factors for death in hospitals were confirmed by regression analysis. The predictive value of the five scoring systems was evaluated by receiving operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Kaplan‒Meier curves showed the impact of acute physiology score III (APSIII) on survival and prognosis in patients with SA-ARF. Decision curve analysis (DCA) identified a scoring system with the highest net clinical benefit. ROC curve analysis showed that APS III (AUC: 0.755, 95% Cl 0.714–0.768) and Logical Organ Dysfunction System (LODS) (AUC: 0.731, 95% Cl 0.717–0.7745) were better than Simplified Acute Physiology Score II (SAPS II) (AUC: 0.727, 95% CI 0.713–0.741), Oxford Acute Severity of Illness Score (OASIS) (AUC: 0.706, 95% CI 0.691–0.720) and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) (AUC: 0.606, 95% CI 0.590–0.621) in assessing in-hospital mortality. Kaplan‒Meier survival analysis patients in the high-APS III score group had a considerably poorer median survival time. The DCA curve showed that APS III may provide better clinical benefits for patients. We demonstrated that the APS III score is an excellent predictor of in-hospital mortality.

Abstract Background Late-onset multiple acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is the most common lipid storage myopathy. There are sex differences in fat metabolism and it is not known whether late-onset MADD affects men and women equally. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, the PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CNKI, CBM, and Wanfang databases were searched until 01/08/2023. Studies reporting sex distribution in patients with late-onset MADD were included. Two authors independently screened studies for eligibility, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. Pre-specified outcomes of interest were the male-to-female ratio (MFR) of patients with late-onset MADD, the differences of clinical characteristics between the sexes, and factors influencing the MFR. Results Of 3379 identified studies, 34 met inclusion criteria, yielding a total of 609 late-onset MADD patients. The overall pooled percentage of males was 58% (95% CI, 54-63%) with low heterogeneity across studies (I 2 = 2.99%; P = 0.42). The mean onset ages, diagnostic delay, serum creatine kinase (CK), and allelic frequencies of 3 hotspot variants in ETFDH gene were similar between male and female patients (P > 0.05). Meta-regressions revealed that ethnic group was associated with the MFR in late-onset MADD, and subgroup meta-analyses demonstrated that East-Asian patients had a higher percentage of male, lower CK, and higher proportion of hotspot variants in ETFDH gene than non-East-Asian patients (P

We investigated the effect of different fat sources on growth performance and intestinal health in weaned piglets. A total of 72 21-day-old weaned piglets were divided into 3 groups the CON group with 2.5% soybean oil, TRE1 with 2.5% emulsified balanced oil powder and TRE2 with 2.5% emulsified coconut oil powder. These two experimental oil powders were emulsified with the emulsifier (lysophospholipid). The average daily feed intake in TRE1 was significantly higher than that in CON (P < 0.05). The apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of ash in TRE1 was significantly higher than that in CON (P < 0.05). Compared with CON, TRE1 tended to improve ATTD of dry matter (P = 0.075), serum triglyceride (P = 0.062) and serum-free fatty acids (P = 0.090). The jejunal villus width of piglets in TRE1 and TRE2 was significantly increased (P < 0.05) and the duodenal crypt depth was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with CON, TRE1 significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of jejunal Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 (P < 0.05). From the results of the present study, we concluded that dietary supplementation of 2.5% emulsified balanced oil powder has more obvious effects on enhancing the growth performance of weaned piglets by improving lipid metabolism, intestinal tissue development and barrier function.

AbstractMyeloid neoplasms post cytotoxic therapy (MN-pCT) are a category includes AML, MDS, and MDS/MPN arising in patients exposed to cytotoxic (DNA-damaging) therapy for an unrelated condition in 2022 version World Health Organization (WHO) classification. With improved survival of patients with tumors, the incidence of MN-pCT after chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy among patients with tumors has gradually risen. However, the outcome of MN-pCT is poorer than that of primary myeloid neoplasms. This review summarizes the current understanding based on existing research, as a foundation for further research on MN-pCT.

The Huoshaoyun deposit in the Karakorum area of NW China is the world’s largest zinc-lead carbonate ore deposit. Here we investigate the genesis of the mineralization based on multiproxy investigations. The deposit contains zinc-lead carbonate and sulfide minerals, with smithsonite (Smt), cerussite (Cer), and sulfides accounting for 85%, 10%, and 5% of the total lead and zinc resources, respectively. Three ore-forming stages, involving Smt, Cer, and sulfides ores were summarized. The Smt mineralization is characterized by veined, massive, and stratified Smt forming horizontal sedimentary layered ore and vertical feeder veins similar to the SEDEX-type deposits. The sulfide and Cer veins display typical hydrothermal characteristics and are superimposed on the massive Smt ores. The Smt ores show high Li, Be, Cr, Y, Ba, Nd, Yb, and Zr contents, whereas the Cer veins have extremely high Sr contents (up to 3814–9174 ppm) and low Zr contents (less than 0.01 ppm). Galena and sphalerite show higher Cd concentrations compared to Smt and Cer ores.The Smt ores differ with different spatial locations, with Smt ores formed at the vent have δ66Zn values of +0.15‰ to +0.21‰, the massive Smt formed close to the vent show a value of +0.13‰, and those formed away from the vent show a value of 0.05‰, all values being close to 0. The sulfides have δ66Zn values of −0.09‰ to +0.04‰. The C-O isotopes of Smt ores are similar to both altered and unaltered host limestone, suggesting that the limestone was a potential source for carbon and oxygen. Quartz with veined Smt shows magmatic signatures with δ18OVSMOW of +1.14‰ to +2.23‰, high Pb (115–401 ppm) and Zn concentrations (390–997 ppm), whereas quartz associated with sulfide has meteoric fluid signature with the lowest δ18OVSMOW (−14‰ to −10.7‰), low Pb (11.6–49.0 ppm) and Zn (18.1–72.8 ppm) concentrations. The temperature of equilibration computed based on oxygen isotope fractionation between Smt and coeval quartz indicate a dual source with that of quartz derived from an aqueous fluid, whereas the source for Smt might involve CO2 or HCO3−.We trace multiple metallogenic stages for this deposit including exhalation, hydrothermal deposition, and fault-controlled sulfide vein formation. The largest orebody (III-1) preserves a 16 Mt reserve of Zn and was formed by crust-mantle interaction at ca. 195 Ma in the early development of the Linjitang post-arc rift system. Fluid convection, zinc enrichment driven by granitic magma, volcanic activity, and karst alteration induced by acid rain in a lagoonal environment promoted ore enrichment.

Concerning the oscillations in DFIG (doubly-fed induction generator)-connected flexible DC transmission system caused by large disturbances, an analysis method based on subsystem partitioning and dynamic energy modeling is put forward. Firstly, the complex high-order system is partitioned into several low-order subsystems, and the dynamic energy model of each subsystem is built using the first integration method. Then, by analyzing the directions and variation patterns of the interaction energy flows between different subsystems in the oscillation process, the redistribution of the primary flow paths of the system’s oscillation energy after large disturbances occur is determined. And then, an oscillation tracing method based on the response characteristics of the oscillation energy links of the subsystems is proposed. In the oscillation process, the interaction energy links between different subsystems are categorized into 'oscillation gaining links', 'oscillation maintaining links' and 'oscillation damping links', according to the contribution of each interaction energy link to the system’s oscillation energy. By analyzing the ‘oscillation gaining links’ corresponding to the dominant interaction energy links of different subsystems, the transmission paths by which the dominant oscillation energy links keeps gaining can be obtained, and the energy source that induces oscillation can be located. Finally, hardware-in-loop tests are conducted on the RTLAB semi-physical simulation platform, the results of which verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. This research paper can provide theoretical support for suppressing the oscillation by adding compensation branches between the subsystems (i.e. damping control strategies based on supplementary compensation branches).

Conventional protection schemes for wind farm-flexible flexible direct current (DC) system transmission lines are susceptible to malfunctions in external fault scenarios and exhibit limited immunity to fault resistance in internal fault scenarios. In the pursuit of enhancing pilot protection performance, a novel protection method based on high-frequency inductance difference coefficients is proposed. Firstly, the fault transient characteristics of both the wind farm and the flexible DC converter are analyzed, deriving their respective transient models. Subsequently, a high-frequency fault component network comprising inductive impedances is constructed. Then, a protection criterion based on high-frequency inductance difference coefficients is formulated. Finally, the proposed method is subjected to simulation tests on the RT-LAB platform. The results validate its capability to accurately identify the locations of internal and external faults, demonstrating robust immunity to fault resistance. Because it operates independently of synchronous information interaction, it functions rapidly.

Abstract Background CircRNA‐encoded proteins (CEPs) are emerging as new players in health and disease, and function as baits for the common partners of their cognate linear‐spliced RNA encoded proteins (LEPs). However, their prevalence across human tissues and biological roles remain largely unexplored. The placenta is an ideal model for identifying CEPs due to its considerable protein diversity that is required to sustain fetal development during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to evaluate circRNA translation in the human placenta, and the potential roles of the CEPs in placental development and dysfunction. Methods Multiomics approaches, including RNA sequencing, ribosome profiling, and LC‐MS/MS analysis, were utilised to identify novel translational events of circRNAs in human placentas. Bioinformatics methods and the protein bait hypothesis were employed to evaluate the roles of these newly discovered CEPs in placentation and associated disorders. The pathogenic role of a recently identified CEP circPRKCB119aa in preeclampsia was investigated through qRT‐PCR, Western blotting, immunofluorescence imaging and phenotypic analyses. Results We found that 528 placental circRNAs bound to ribosomes with active translational elongation, and 139 were translated to proteins. The CEPs showed considerable structural homology with their cognate LEPs, but are more stable, hydrophobic and have a lower molecular‐weight than the latter, all of which are conducive to their function as baits. On this basis, CEPs are deduced to be closely involved in placental function. Furthermore, we focused on a novel CEP circPRKCB119aa, and illuminated its pathogenic role in preeclampsia; it enhanced trophoblast autophagy by acting as a bait to inhibit phosphorylation of the cognate linear isoform PKCβ. Conclusions We discovered a hidden circRNA‐encoded proteome in the human placenta, which offers new insights into the mechanisms underlying placental development, as well as placental disorders such as preeclampsia. Key points A hidden circRNA‐encoded proteome in the human placenta was extensively identified and systematically characterised. The circRNA‐encoded proteins (CEPs) are potentially related to placental development and associated disorders. A novel conserved CEP circPRKCB119aa enhanced trophoblast autophagy by inhibiting phosphorylation of its cognate linear‐spliced isoform protein kinase C (PKC) β in preeclampsia.

Background and aimsContrast-associated acute kidney injury (CA-AKI) may occur in patients undergoing medical procedures involving x-rays and radiocontrast media, potentially resulting in prolonged renal impairment. However, no effective treatments are available. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the efficacy of evolocumab, a proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitor, in reducing CA-AKI incidence among patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention between January 2020 and December 2021 at Tianjin Chest Hospital. The study endpoint was CA-AKI incidence, and the impact of selection bias and other potential confounding factors was mitigated using bias matching. Overall, 1,642 patients were included in this study: 821 patients received evolocumab treatment before contrast agent application, and 821 did not receive such treatment.ResultsCA-AKI incidence was 6.21% and 8.04% in the evolocumab and control groups, respectively. After propensity-score matching, the incidence rate was 5.09% and 14.16% in the evolocumab and control groups, respectively. Evolocumab treatment significantly reduced CA-AKI incidence (p