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Firstly, a novel pyrazole-pyrazoline fluorescent probe was developed and synthesized. The probe can be used to determine Fe3+ ions in a series of cations in tetrahydrofuran aqueous solution with high selectivity and high sensitivity. After the addition of iron ions, the fluorescence intensity is significantly reduced, Its structure was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HR-ESI-MS. UV absorption spectra and Fluorescence spectroscopy were used to study the selective recognition of probe M on metal ions. The probe M can selectivity and sensitivity to distinguish the target ion from other ions through different fluorescence phenomena. In addition, the binding modes of M with Fe3+ were proved to be 1:1 stoichiometry in the complexes by Job’s plot, IR results. The combination of probe M and iron ions is 1:1, and the detection limit is 3.9 × 10−10 M. The binding mode and sensing mechanism of M with Fe3+ was verified by theoretical calculations using Gaussian 09 based on B3LYP/6-31G(d) basis.

In recent years, the concept of metasurface has been proposed and developed, researchers has also put forward its some applications, such as introducing an abrupt phase shift, polarization conversion and holography et al. Additionally, metasurface is used to realize the RCS reduction. In this article, we have proposed three coding metasurface patterns and have simulated their RCS reduction performance. The results indicated that all the three patterns can redirect the incident EM energy to all directions and form diffuse scattering, the RCS has been reduced. Comparing their RCS reduction curve, we found that the more the super element the better the RCS reduction at all frequency band. These studies will provide evidence for designing the better coding metasurface.

Summary: Neurogenesis in the developing neocortex relies on extensive mitosis of radial glial cells (RGCs) in the apical surface. The nuclear migration of epithelial-like RGCs is fundamentally important for proper mitosis, but how the apical processes of RGCs are anchored to ensure the nucleokinetic behavior of RGCs remains unclear. Here we find that Talpid3, related to Joubert syndrome, is localized to the mother centriole of RGCs and is required for their apical mitosis. Genetic silencing of Talpid3 causes abnormal RGC delamination and thereby impairs their interkinetic nuclear migration in both cell-autonomous and non-autonomous manners. Further analyses reveal that Talpid3 associates with Ninein to regulate microtubule organization and maintain the integrity of adherens junctions to anchor RGCs. Moreover, genetic ablation of Talpid3 results in synchronized, ectopic mitosis of neural progenitors and dysregulated neurogenesis. Our study provides an intriguing perspective for the non-ciliogenic role of centriolar proteins in mediating cortical neurogenesis.

Neoarchean magmatic rocks are widespread in the North China Craton (NCC). But the tectonic setting of these Neoarchean rocks is still controversial. The Dengfeng Complex in the southern segment of the NCC contains a typical suite of early Precambrian metamorphic rocks including massive Neoarchean metavolcanic rocks, which are important recorders of the early geodynamic setting and crustal evolution of NCC. In this study, we examine the geochemical and zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotopic signatures of the Neoarchean metavolcanic rocks (amphibolite, biotite leptynite and leptite) from the Dengfeng Complex, with a focus on rocks from the understudied Jishan area together with rocks from the Songshan area for comparison, to constrain the petrogenesis of these rocks and further infer the geochronological framework, tectonic setting and crustal evolution of the southern NCC. The studied amphibolites are characterized by high Mg#, and enrichments in LREE, Rb, K and Pb. Their zircons show positive eHf(t) values and mostly high δ18O values (6.0–7.5‰). All these features indicate that they were most likely derived from a mantle wedge that was modified by components from low-temperature altered oceanic crust. SIMS zircon U–Pb isotopic dating reveals that the protoliths of the amphibolites were emplaced from as early as 2.83 Ga to 2.51 Ga, and underwent two metamorphic events at 2.48 Ga and 1.92 Ga, respectively. The studied felsic metavolcanic rocks are characterized by low Mg# values, enrichments in LREE, K, Rb and Pb, depletions in Nb, Ta and Ti, and various negative Eu anomalies. Their zircons display positive eHf(t) and mantle-like δ18O values. All these features suggest that they were mainly derived from partial melting of juvenile crustal components. SIMS zircon U–Pb isotopic dating indicates the felsic metavolcanic rocks erupted at 2.54–2.53 Ga. No zircon overgrowth was observed in these volcanic rocks during later metamorphic events. Based on these new data, we proposed a new tectonic model for the Neoarchean tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the NCC with tight constraints on the timing from subduction (at least 2.54 Ga) to collision (2.48 Ga).

According to the demand of oil and gas field development with a small amount of hydrogen sulfide, CT80S sulfur resistance coiled tubing was developed through the raw materials and manufacturing technology. The microstructure, mechanical properties, fatigue life and corrosion resistance of the CT80S sulfur resistant coiled tubing were analyzed. The results showed that the microstructure of CT80S sulfur resistant coiled tubing was consisted of the ferrite and pearlite with the grain size of 12, banded structure of 1.0, and the inclusions was less than 1.0. The strength and hardness of the pipe meet the requirements of API Spec 5ST, and the hardness control was less than 18HRC. The pipe had excellent low cycle fatigue property, the mean fatigue life of Φ31.8 × 3.18mm tube was 1055 cycles when the internal pressure was 34.47MPa and the bending radius was 1219mm. According to NACE TM 0284 and NACE TM 0177 standard, the HIC and SCC performance tests were carried out in same solution. The results show that the developed tubing is insensitive to HIC and the resistance to sulfide stress corrosion is good, under 90%σs stress loading not break.

To develop more potent JAK3 kinase inhibitors, a series of CP-690550 derivatives were investigated using combined molecular modeling techniques, such as 3D-QSAR, molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD). The leave-one-out correlation (q2) and non-cross-validated correlation coefficient (r2) of the best CoMFA model are 0.715 and 0.992, respectively. The q2 and r2 values of the best CoMSIA model are 0.739 and 0.995, respectively. The steric, electrostatic, and hydrophobic fields played important roles in determining the inhibitory activity of CP-690550 derivatives. Some new JAK3 kinase inhibitors were designed. Some of them have better inhibitory activity than the most potent Tofacitinib (CP-690550). Molecular docking was used to identify some key amino acid residues at the active site of JAK3 protein. 10ns MD simulations were successfully performed to confirm the detailed binding mode and validate the rationality of docking results. The calculation of the binding free energies by MMPBSA method gives a good correlation with the predicted biological activity. To our knowledge, this is the first report on MD simulations and free energy calculations for this series of compounds. The combination results of this study will be valuable for the development of potent and novel JAK3 kinase inhibitors.

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising alternatives to plastics since they have similar properties to polyolefin but are biodegradable and biocompatible. Recently, the conversion of propionate wastewater to PHAs by undefined mixed microbial cultures becomes attractive. However, how microbial community changes remains unclear during the enrichment step, which is critical for a robust PHA-producing system. In this study, PHA-accumulating cultures were enriched under feast/famine condition using propionate-rich substrates. Our results showed that during the first 2 h of the enrichment, dissolved oxygen of cultures increased remarkably until saturation, and amounts of C, N, and chemical oxygen demand of cultures decreased significantly to a very low level. High-throughput sequencing revealed that bacterial populations affiliated with Alphaproteobacteria and Bacteroidetes dominated the cultures enriched. Most of these dominant populations contributed to the conversion of short-chain fatty acids to PHAs. Being fed with the substrate rich in propionate but without nitrogen, the cultures enriched could accumulate nearly 27% PHAs at 72 h with higher content of hydroxyvalerate. Our work reveals the process in which environmental microbes responded to propionate-rich condition and shifted to populations for accumulating PHAs; it also will be helpful to develop an efficient PHA-producing system using propionate-rich waste.

In this paper, we propose a perfect metamaterial absorber (PMA) composed of four groups of L-shaped resonators in the top layer, a dielectric spacer and a metallic back plate. Both simulation and experiment show that the PMA has six distinctive absorption peaks at 5.55 GHz, 6.51 GHz, 7.71 GHz, 9.45 GHz, 11.31 GHz and 13.11 GHz with high absorbance. The loss properties and field distributions are studied to demonstrate the absorption mechanism. This PMA is polarization insensitive over wide angles of incident waves for both transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) modes. Moreover, the absorption characteristics including the resonant frequency, the amplitude and the quality factor of the absorption peaks can be effectively tuned by changing the structural parameters, thus enabling potential applications such as stealth, spectrum identification and sensing.

The Paleoproterozoic orogens of the North China Craton (NCC) provide important windows to evaluate the crustal evolution history during early Precambrian. Here we report results from SIMS zircon geochronology and oxygen isotopes, as well as LA-ICPMS zircon Hf isotopic analyses on detrital zircons from Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic sandstones of the Wufoshan Group from the southern NCC to probe the Paleoarchean-Paleoproterozoic crustal evolution. Our data show episodic magmatism during the Paleoarchean-Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic as inferred from the 207Pb/206Pb age range of 3514–2751 Ma and the well-defined 207Pb/206Pb weighted mean ages of 2669 ± 15 Ma, 2510 ± 8 Ma, 2402 ± 39 Ma, 2298 ± 36 Ma, 2179 ± 10 Ma, 2058 ± 16 Ma, 1940 ± 6 Ma, 1874 ± 7 Ma and 1819 ± 5 Ma. The similarity in U–Pb geochronology and Hf isotopes of the Archean detrital zircons from the Wufoshan Group to those from the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group reveal that the 2669 Ma zircons record a major phase of Neoarchean crustal growth, and that 2510 Ma zircons correspond to the latest Neoarchean crustal reworking. The 18O-depleted isotopic features displayed by some detrital zircons are absent in those from Songshan Group, and together with the rarity of core-rim textures which were widespread in Archean zircons from the Songshan Group, we suggest that the source materials for the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic Wufoshan Group are different from the Archean cratonic source for the Paleoproterozoic Songshan Group. We propose that the zircons were probably sourced from the newly-formed Trans-North China Orogen (TNCO). Our Paleoproterozoic zircon data provide robust evidence for continuous and complex reworking of the Mesoarchean to early Neoarchean crust in the southern NCC during Early Paleoproterozoic at ca. 2402 Ma, 2298 Ma, and 2179 Ma. The Middle Paleoproterozoic ages (2058 Ma, 1940 Ma, and 1874 Ma) mark a partial cycle of oceanic crust subduction to continental collision during the formation of the TNCO. The extreme oxygen isotopic variation with the fairly restricted range in Hf isotopes demonstrates that the components from both high-temperature and the low-temperature rock–water interaction induced by the release of hydrothermal fluids from the subducted altered oceanic crust must have played a significant role during the growth of the zircons. The Paleoproterozoic thermal event at 1819 Ma records post-collisional uplifting, as evidenced by an apparent negative correlation in the ɛHf(t) vs. δ18O plot, possibly inherited from the mixing of the ancient crust and the juvenile input during the oceanic subduction and continental collision. Integrated with the information from granulite facies metamorphic rocks in the orogenic root of the TNCO, our data suggest that the episodic Paleoproterozoic magmatism was mainly induced by the tectonics of plate subduction and subsequent continental collision, leading to the final cratonization of the NCC. Following the Mesoproterozoic-Neoproterozoic sedimentation of the Paleoproterozoic zircons, except for the Pb loss during the subsequent thermal events, there was no major alteration in the Hf and oxygen isotopic compositions. Thus, the remarkably large variation of oxygen isotopes from the lower than normal mantle to the supracrustal value (δ18O = 2.28–10.09‰) in the Paleoproterozoic detrital zircons further demonstrates that these zircons came from the uplifted and exposed upper part of the TNCO. Our detrital zircon data provide convincing evidence for the repeated crustal reworking in Early Paleoproterozoic and the onset of modern-style plate tectonics in the NCC in Middle Paleoproterozoic.

The petrological and geochemical compositions of Archean crust hold important information about the interaction between continental crust and lithospheric mantle. Here we apply in-situ microanalysis of Pb isotopes of the feldspars, which were collected from the high-grade terranes of the Taihua Group in Lushan area along the Southern North China Craton (S-NCC), by femtosecond laser ablation (fLA)-MC-ICPMS technique. The results show large variation in Pb isotopic compositions in plagioclase grains in different rock types. The feldspars in the granitoid gneisses show lower and variable radiogenic Pb isotopic ratios (206Pb/204Pb = 13.8–16.8, 207Pb/204Pb = 14.6–15.1 and 208Pb/204Pb = 33.9–36.6) than that in the amphibolites (206Pb/204Pb = 14.1–17.7, 207Pb/204Pb = 14.6–15.6, 208Pb/204Pb = 33.6–38.1) and lenticular garnet granulites (206Pb/204Pb = 14.4–17.7, 207Pb/204Pb = 14.7–15.7, 208Pb/204Pb = 33.7–37.7). Moreover, based on the single-stage Pb evolution model (common Pb in plagioclase), the age of the granitoid gneisses extracted from the mantle was estimated at 2.74 ± 0.33 Ga, corresponding to the age of important period of crustal growth (~2.7 Ga), and suggesting that the low-Pb granitoid gneisses are representative of the direct samples of the Archean crust. In addition, we also newly reported what was the Pb isotope characteristics of garnet granulites and pyroxene granulites in the Lower Taihua Group once located at the lower crustal level. The ubiquitous Pb isotope disequilibrium among different feldspar grains, especially in the overgrowth rims possessing more radiogenic Pb isotopes, suggests input of exotic melt/fluid with high μ (238U/204Pb) during the process of retrograde metamorphism. The large present-day Pb isotopic heterogeneity is probably due to various geological conditions experienced by different rocks.

Polarization beam splitter is a key device in the combined multiplexing system and polarization diversity system, which can realize the splitting between two orthogonal polarization modes. In this paper, an ultra-short (~ 5 μm long) polarization beam splitter based on asymmetrical directional coupler is proposed by using silicon-on-insulator nanowires. The design of polarization beam splitter is according to mode-coupling theory. By choosing the suitable width and height of waveguide, the effective indices of TM polarization mode in waveguide 1 and 2 are equal, which satisfy phase matching condition. So the TM polarization mode in the waveguide 1 can couple into the waveguide 2. Meanwhile the TE polarization mode can only transmit in the waveguide 1 for phase mismatch, and the function of polarization splitting is achieved. The dependence of the extinction ratio and loss on several parameters (coupling length $L$ and spacing between waveguides G) are investigated with a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. The results show its coupling length $L$ is only 1.78 μm; the extinction ratio for TM and TE polarization modes are 22.4 dB and 28.9 dB respectively; and the loss of TE and TM polarization modes are both less than 0.43 dB. In addition, compared with other polarization beam splitter based on silicon waveguide, it has the advantages of smaller size, simpler structure, easier implementation and integration.

A Gram-stain positive, non-motile, non-sporogenous, aerobic, rod-shaped and halophilic bacterium, designated LAM0015(T), was isolated from a saline sediment sample collected from Yantai City in China. The isolate was found to be able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 5-25 % (w/v) (optimum: 7-12 %), 15-45 °C (optimum: 35 °C) and pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum: 7.0). The major fatty acids were determined to be anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The predominant respiratory quinone was identified as MK-7. The cell wall peptidoglycan was determined to contain meso-diaminopimelic acid. The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, five phospholipids and one glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 43.1 mol% as determined by the T m method. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belongs within the genus Lentibacillus and is closely related to Lentibacillus persicus DSM 22530(T), Lentibacillus salicampi JCM 11462(T) and Lentibacillus jeotgali JCM 15795(T) with 97.3, 96.7 and 96.4 % sequence similarity, respectively. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between LAM0015(T) and L. persicus DSM 22530(T) was 51.2 ± 1.4 %. Based on its phenotypic, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain LAM0015(T) is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LAM0015(T) (=ACCC 06401(T) = JCM 19838(T)).

Furfural and acetic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysates are the prevalent inhibitors to Zymomonas mobilis during cellulosic ethanol production. Developing a strain tolerant to furfural or acetic acid inhibitors is difficul by using rational engineering strategies due to poor understanding of their underlying molecular mechanisms. In this study, strategy of adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) was used for development of a furfural and acetic acid-tolerant strain. After three round evolution, four evolved mutants (ZMA7-2, ZMA7-3, ZMF3-2, and ZMF3-3) that showed higher growth capacity were successfully obtained via ALE method. Based on the results of profiling of cell growth, glucose utilization, ethanol yield, and activity of key enzymes, two desired strains, ZMA7-2 and ZMF3-3, were achieved, which showed higher tolerance under 7 g/l acetic acid and 3 g/l furfural stress condition. Especially, it is the first report of Z. mobilis strain that could tolerate higher furfural. The best strain, Z. mobilis ZMF3-3, has showed 94.84% theoretical ethanol yield under 3-g/l furfural stress condition, and the theoretical ethanol yield of ZM4 is only 9.89%. Our study also demonstrated that ALE method might also be used as a powerful metabolic engineering tool for metabolic engineering in Z. mobilis. Furthermore, the two best strains could be used as novel host for further metabolic engineering in cellulosic ethanol or future biorefinery. Importantly, the two strains may also be used as novel-tolerant model organisms for the genetic mechanism on the "omics" level, which will provide some useful information for inverse metabolic engineering.

MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNAs with regulatory biological activity, by modulating target genes on epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transciptional and translational levels. Hundreds of reports indicated that miRNAs play important roles in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Actually, microRNAs are both regulation targets and regulators targeting effector genes. This article reviewed multifaceted role of microRNAs associated to NSCLC, not only targeting to but also targeted by tumor related genes, to help us understand microRNAs related complex regulation networks. Aberrant expressed micoRNAs and their targets were summarized; the statistical results showed that several microRNAs may play key roles by targeting multiple tumor associated targets. On the other hand, Oncogenes and tumor repressors represented by PTEN were also shown to be the most popular targets of microRNAs. Additionally, ZEB1/2 may be a featured pathway in NSCLC, with significant frequency modulated by microRNAs.

The Archean terranes exposed in several regions of the North China Craton (NCC) provide important windows to evaluate the Hadean-Archean continental crustal evolution history. Here we report results from SIMS zircon geochronology and oxygen isotopes, as well as LA-ICPMS zircon Hf isotopic analyses on detrital zircons from Paleoproterozoic quartzites to probe the early crustal evolution in the southern NCC. Our data show episodic magmatism during the Eoarchean, Paleoarchean, Mesoarchean, Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic as inferred from the concordant ages of 3.6 Ga and 2.2 Ga and the well-defined upper intercept ages of 3404 ± 30 Ma, 2919 ± 31 Ma, 2772 ± 9.5 Ma, 2698 ± 4.7 Ma, 2652 ± 6.7 Ma, and 2532 ± 5.2 Ma. The Hf and oxygen isotopic compositions of Eoarchean–Paleoarchean zircons demonstrate that the cratonic nucleus of the NCC was built in the Hadean (∼4.0 Ga), similar to the timing of formation of the nuclei of old cratons elsewhere on the globe such as the Yilgarn Craton, Western Australia, and the Slave Craton, Canada, with the Eoarchean–Paleoarchean (3.8 Ga, 3.6 Ga and 3.4 Ga) marking the first phase of crustal reworking of the Hadean crust. The salient aspect of our data is that the Meoarchean to early Neoarchean (3.0–2.6 Ga with a peak at 2.7 Ga) was a significant period for crustal growth from the mantle throughout the NCC, comparable with the event of major Archean crustal growth worldwide. The latest Neoarchean (∼2.5 Ga) marks a period of significant crustal reworking that led to remelting of the newly-formed juvenile mafic crust (∼2.7 Ga). Integration with the data obtained from the TTG (tonalite–trondhjemite–granodiorite) and granitoid rocks of the Archean terranes and the lower crustal granulite xenoliths from various parts of the NCC suggests that the episodic Eoarchean via Paleoarchean and Mesoarchean to Neoarchean crustal growth as well as crustal reworking intensely destroyed the ancient cratonic nucleus, resulting in the scarce preservation of the Hadean and Eoarchean remnants in both the upper and lower crust of the NCC. Following the Paleoproterozoic sedimentation of the Archean zircons, apart from Pb loss during the subsequent thermal events, there was no major alteration in the Hf and oxygen isotopic compositions. Thus, our detrital zircon data provide convincing evidence for the repeated crustal growth and reworking of the NCC in the Archean.

Density functional theory method is used to examine a series of group III triazides X(N3)3 (X = B, Al, Ga). These compounds, except for the C3h planar B(N3)3 and Al(N3)3, are first reported here. C3h planar structures are the most energetically favored for all singlet X(N3)3 systems. Potential-energy surfaces for unimolecular decompositions of the C3h and CS planar X(N3)3 species have been investigated. Results show that decomposition of B(N3)3 obeys sequential fashion and follows a four-step mechanism: (1) B(N3)3 → NB(N3)2 + N2; (2) NB(N3)2 → cyc-N2BN3 + N2; (3) cyc-N2BN3 → trigonal-BN3 + N2; (4) trigonal-BN3 → linear-NBNN. Decomposition of Al(N3)3 follows a two-step mechanism: (1) Al(N3)3 → NAl(N3)2 + N2; (2) NAl(N3)2 → linear-AlN3 + 2N2. The dissociation of Ga(N3)3 follows only one-step mechanism: Ga(N3)3 → angular-GaN3 + 3N2. These findings may be helpful in understanding the decomposition mechanisms of group III triazides as well as the possible mechanism for XN film generation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

This paper absorbs much successful experience from geological disasters database system designed and built at home and abroad, based on remote sensing (RS), geographic information systems (GIS) and GPS technology, adopt AHP, fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model and method of establishing three-dimensional model of geological disasters in high-risk areas, the paper constructs geological disasters database system in Liaoning Province, this database system can manage and monitor geological disasters and provide strong support analysing geological disasters for Liaoning province areas.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile and aerobic coccobacilli-shaped strain, designated BRTC-1T, was isolated from the gut of Omphisa fuscidentalis Hampson, which is a larva of a moth and was collected from Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture in China. The isolate was found to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0–5 % (w/v) (optimum: 0 %), 10–45 °C (optimum: 30–35 °C) and pH 5.0–9.0 (optimum: pH 6.0) on tryptic soy agar. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the isolate belonged to the genus Acinetobacter and was most closely related to Acinetobacter rudis LMG 26107T, Acinetobacter guillouiae LMG 988T and Acinetobacter bereziniae LMG 1003T with 96.4, 96.3 and 96.3 % sequence similarity, respectively. The comparative sequence analyses of the rpo B and gyr B genes showed that BRTC-1T is distant from the species of the genus Acinetobacter with validly published names (≤84.0 and ≤82.0 % similarity, respectively). The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA–DNA hybridization values (≤77.0 and ≤22.8 %, respectively) between the whole-genome sequence of BRTC-1T and those of the known taxa were far below the thresholds used to discriminate bacterial species. The major fatty acids were determined to be C16 : 0, C18 : 1ω9c and C16 : 1ω7c/iso-C15 : 0 2-OH. The respiratory quinone was Q-9. The polar lipids were found to be diphosphatidyglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, five phospholipids and one phosphatidylcholine. Based on its phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics from this study, the isolate is concluded to represent a novel species of the genus Acinetobacter , for which the name Acinetobacter larvae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BRTC-1T (=ACCC 19936T=JCM 31367T).

The accuracy of visibility measurement from night light sources image is usually affected by the circumstance light and noise. This paper presents an auto-layering wavelet transfer method to remove the circumstance effect and noise simultaneously. Firstly, the light propagation through the fog at night condition is formulized, where the model and features of night image with circumstance effect and noise is given. Secondly, we propose to use multi-scale features of wavelet transfer to decompose the image to remove the circumstance effect and noise, where an auto-layering method is used based on the energy ratio of wavelet coefficients. Experiments show that our method is able to remove the circumstance effect and noise simultaneously and to adjust the decomposed layering number automatically. Our method is not only suitable for many wavelet functions, but also preserves the light sources as well as their glows in the digital images. The relative error of using db4 is 3.16%, and the relative error of using sym2 is 2.02%.

A fiber ring is very commonly used to generate stimulated Brillouin scatterings(SBS), especially by using fiber ring resonator. In this paper we theoretically analyzed some parameters of our interest in a coupled fiber ring resonator. We firstly analyzed a directional coupler, determined the optical power distribution among the four ports of the coupler. Then theoretically analyzed the transmission function of a coupled fiber ring resonator, followed by the simulation of the analysis. The simulation results show that the smaller the coupling coefficient is, the better the cavity finesse and extinction ration are, the lower the SBS threshold is, which is of great importance when it comes to the generation of SBS.

Accurately achieve the luminance of light sources at night images is significantly important to vision-based night visibility estimation. In this paper, we propose a practical night visibility algorithm. This algorithm contains two main parts, light sources recognition and edge extraction. Firstly, we give the model of vision-based visibility estimation, and propose the framework of algorithm. Secondly, we give the method to extract light sources from multiple potential targets by the prior knowledge of space information. Then, we analysis the features of light source image, and explain the expanded temple to cut sub-image of light source, and induce in PS level set to segment the edge. Experiments show that, the light source average recognition precision is approach to 0.95 at the condition of moderate breeze, and compared with the manual segment, the precision of light source segment is approach to 0.99 at the condition of real visibility larger than 500m.

The type strain Lentibacillus amyloliquefaciens LAM0015(T) with considerably highly NaCl tolerance is a member of halophiles. Here we report its genome sequence, the first to publish complete genome sequence of the Lentibacillus genus. It contains 3,858,520bp with an average GC content of 42.12%, encoding multiple valuable proteins academically and industrially. The genome sequence of strain LAM0015(T) provides basic information for further elucidation of halophilic mechanism and wider exploitation of functional genes.

Circuit optimization method should include the topology of automatic design circuit and automatically determine components parameters of the circuit. At present, CAD or EDA optimization tools is produced by combined optimization algorithm and the basic analysis above together with the tolerance analysis. In this paper, optimization design which can modular basic analog circuit by using Optimizer, which makes the circuit topology structure and component parameters tend to be more reasonable, provides the basis for teaching practice and scientific research. It has practical significance.

Primary aromatic amides can be synthesized from aldehydes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of Cs2CO3. Various aromatic aldehydes (include some heteroaromatic aldehydes) are able to generate the corresponding aromatic amides in moderate to excellent yields.

The dye – sensitized solar cell (DSSC) is an attractive and promising device for solar cell applications that have been intensively investigated worldwide. DSSC consists of a namo TiO2 film of the photo electrode, dye molecules absorbed on the surface of TiO2 film, an electrolyte layer and a Pt counter electrode. Among these, the nanoporous TiO2 film plays an important role because it can adsorb a large amount of dye molecules which provide electrons. Therefore, the TiO2 film affects the cell performance. In this paper, the characteristics of DSSCs with different TiO2 film thicknesses were studied by using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS). The impedance component attributed to TiO2|electrolyte interface indicated that the small semicircle and low characteristic frequency was essential for high performance DSSC. An optimum overall conversion efficiency( ％) of 5.54% was obtained in the DSSC assembled with the TiO2 film thickness of 8.86μm.

Background With the increasing global crude oil crisis and resulting environmental concerns, the production of biofuels from renewable resources has become increasingly important. One of the major challenges faced during the process of biofuel production is the low tolerance of the microbial host towards increasing biofuel concentrations. Results Here, we demonstrate that the ethanol tolerance of Zymomonas mobilis can be greatly enhanced through the random mutagenesis of global transcription factor RpoD protein, (σ70). Using an enrichment screening, four mutants with elevated ethanol tolerance were isolated from error-prone PCR libraries. All mutants showed significant growth improvement in the presence of ethanol stress when compared to the control strain. After an ethanol (9 %) stress exposure lasting 22 h, the rate of glucose consumption was approximately 1.77, 1.78 and 1.39 g L−1 h−1 in the best ethanol-tolerant strain ZM4-mrpoD4, its rebuilt mutant strain ZM4-imrpoD and the control strain, respectively. Our results indicated that both ZM4-mrpoD4 and ZM4-imrpoD consumed glucose at a faster rate after the initial 9 % (v/v) ethanol stress, as nearly 0.64 % of the initial glucose remained after 54 h incubation versus approximately 5.43 % for the control strain. At 9 % ethanol stress, the net ethanol productions by ZM4-mrpoD4 and ZM4-imrpoD during the 30–54 h were 13.0–14.1 g/l versus only 6.6–7.7 g/l for the control strain. The pyruvate decarboxylase activity of ZM4-mrpoD4 was 62.23 and 68.42 U/g at 24 and 48 h, respectively, which were 2.6 and 1.6 times higher than the control strain. After 24 and 48 h of 9 % ethanol stress, the alcohol dehydrogenase activities of ZM4-mrpoD4 were also augmented, showing an approximate 1.4 and 1.3 times increase, respectively, when compared to the control strain. Subsequent quantitative real-time PCR analysis under these stress conditions revealed that the relative expression of pdc in cultured (6 and 24 h) ZM4-mrpoD4 increased by 9.0- and 12.7-fold when compared to control strain. Conclusions Collectively, these results demonstrate that the RpoD mutation can enhance ethanol tolerance in Z. mobilis. Our results also suggested that RpoD may play an important role in resisting high ethanol concentration in Z. mobilis and manipulating RpoD via global transcription machinery engineering (gTME) can provide an alternative and useful approach for strain improvement for complex phenotypes.

Furfural from lignocellulosic hydrolysates is the key inhibitor for bio-ethanol fermentation. In this study, we report a strategy of improving the furfural tolerance in Zymomonas mobilis on the transcriptional level by engineering its global transcription sigma factor (σ(70), RpoD) protein. Three furfural tolerance RpoD mutants (ZM4-MF1, ZM4-MF2, and ZM4-MF3) were identified from error-prone PCR libraries. The best furfural-tolerance strain ZM4-MF2 reached to the maximal cell density (OD600) about 2.0 after approximately 30 h, while control strain ZM4-rpoD reached its highest cell density of about 1.3 under the same conditions. ZM4-MF2 also consumed glucose faster and yield higher ethanol; expression levels and key Entner-Doudoroff (ED) pathway enzymatic activities were also compared to control strain under furfural stress condition. Our results suggest that global transcription machinery engineering could potentially be used to improve stress tolerance and ethanol production in Z. mobilis.

In the present paper, we propose a novel night visibility inversion algorithm. The key idea is based on the curve evolution theory in the context of dual light sources. First, we describe the features of the dual light sources night visibility inversion method, and explain the relationship between fluctuation of light source intensity and curve evolution with the special characters. Then, level set method is introduced ito define the light source intensity and establish the model with visibility inversion, and the algorithm formula is detailed. Experiments results show that, the algorithm is characterized with a strong robustness and compared with the standard visibility, the correlation of visibility result reaches up to 0.98 in the range of 2,000 meter to 12,000 me- ter, which can be used in the visibility monitoring with a large range, high precision and strong robustness.

Primary aromatic amides can be synthesized from aldehydes and hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of Cs2CO3. Various aromatic aldehydes (include some heteroaromatic aldehydes) are able to generate the corresponding aromatic amides in moderate to excellent yields.

Haze, rain and snow bring a lot of inconvenience in our daily life, especially produce serious potential safety hazard for night transport. In the present paper the authors propose the vision-based dual light sources visibility method to estimate night visibility. This method is significantly advantaged with wide range, high precision and low cost, and has a good robustness in many kinds of weather conditions. Firstly, the authors give the basic visibility estimation model under the atmosphere multiple scattering theory. Secondly, the authors propose the dual light sources method to remove the luminance fluctuations of light sources and the atmosphere light effect, and formulize the algorithm to accurately gain information of light sources from the dual light sources image. At last, the authors design the dual light sources system and conduct a long time experiments under various atmosphere conditions. The experiments show that, with the baseline of 35 m, the visibility range is up to 15 000 m, and relative error is below 20%. This method and system can satisfy the demand of meteorological department and transport agency.

Bamboo is perennial woody grass, which distributed widely in the world and belonged to the Gramineae family and Bambuseae subfamily. It may be consider as a candidate lignocellulosic substrate for bio-ethanol production for its environmental benefits and higher annual biomass yield. The conversion of bamboo into bio-ethanol, bio-methane, natural food, flavonoids, and functional xylo-oligosaccharides production were reviewed in this paper. Future prospects for research include pretreatment, enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation will also be performed to improve the whole process of ethanol production more economical. And revealing the molecular regulation mechanism of the fast growth of bamboo will provide chance for improving bamboo or other energy plants biomass yield through genetic engineering.

The semi-insulating (SI) GaAs photoconductive switch is considered to be the higher efficient THz source recently. In order to make good use of the photoconductive switch to generate the more efficient THz wave, SI-GaAs photoconductive switch's working mechanism is discussed from the respect of EL2 deep level in this paper. It has three operation modes. The SI-GaAs material has many kinds of intrinsic-defects. One of the more notable defects is EL2 deep level. The EL2 level can become an impactful electron trap in the linear operation mode; The EL2 level is also the necessary condition of nonlinear (also known as Lock-on) operation mode emerging in III-V semiconductors such as GaAs and InP. At the same time, the compound operation mode is substantial related with the conversion from neutral energy level EL20 to metastable energy level EL2* and singly ionized energy level EL2 + in semiconductor under the light. So in this paper the effects of EL2 deep level are analyzed in photoconductive switch' there operation modes.

The pollution of particulate matter less than 2.5 microm (PM2.5) is a serious environmental problem in Beijing. The annual average concentration of PM2.5 in 2001 from seasonal monitor results was more than 6 times that of the U.S. national ambient air quality standards proposed by U.S. EPA. The major contributors to mass of PM2.5 were organics, crustal elements and sulfate. The chemical composition of PM2.5 varied largely with season, but was similar at different monitor stations in the same season. The fine particles (PM2.5) cause atmospheric visibility deterioration through light extinction. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 were anti-correlated to the visibility, the best fits between atmospheric visibility and the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were somehow different: power in spring, exponential in summer, logarithmic in autumn, power or exponential in winter. As in each season the meteorological parameters such as air temperature and relative humidity change from day to day, probably the reason of above correlations between PM2.5 and visibility obtained at different seasons come from the differences in chemical compositions of PM2.5.

Thiencynonate hydrochloride (N-methyl-9α-(3-azabicyclo(3,3,1)nonanyl)-2ʹ-cyclopentyl-2ʹ- hydroxyl-2ʹ-thienylacetate, I·HCl), an new muscarinic receptor antagonist, was synthesized and its enantiomers were obtained form the optical pure of demethylation product II. A convenient resolution method of demethylation product II has been developed with N-p- toluenesulfonylglutamic acid as the resolution reagent. The structures of I and II were elucidated by X-ray analysis. 1 In 1996, the FDA announced it would consider further incentives for developing single isomer drugs for their better pharmacokinetics prosperity, safety, and tolerability. 2 Our recent drug candidate: N-MethylL-9α-(3-azabicyclo(3,3,1)nonanyl)-2ʹ-cyclopentyl- 2ʹ-hydroxyl-2ʹ-thienylacetate hydrochloride (Thiencynonate hydrochloride, I·HCl, Chart 1), is a potent selective M 1 antagonist. It is composed of a tertiary hydroxyl acid as a key component as like many of the muscarinic receptor antagonists. It exhibits classical antimuscarine side effects, such as dry mouth. The preliminary biology results suggest that the (S)-(-)-configuration of the tile compound display an improved therapeutic profile compared to its racemic counterpart. The optical resolution of racemates via diastereoisomeric salt formation is a common way for the preparation of optical isomers. 3,4 We didn't found a suitable acid for the resolution of I due to the weak alkalescence of the tertiary N structure. In our efforts to have a production of the enantiopure, we synthesized the demethylation compound II to enhance the alkalescence. We found that inclusion crystallisation with N-p-toluenesulfonylglutamic acid(TSGA) as a chiral host is an effective method for the resolution of II with high enantiomeric excess.

The recent year's monitor results of Beijing indicated that the pollution level of fine particles PM2.5 showed an increasing trend. To understand pollution characteristics of PM2.5 and its relationship with the meteorological conditions in Beijing, a one-year monitoring of PM2.5 mass concentration and correspondent meteorological parameters was performed in Beijing in 2001. The PM2.5 levels in Beijing were very high, the annual average PM2.5 concentration in 2001 was 7 times of the National Ambient Air Quality Standards proposed by US EPA. The major chemical compositions were organics, sulfate, crustals and nitrate. It was found that the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were influenced by meteorological conditions. The correlation between the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and the relative humidity was found. And the correlation became closer at higher relative humidity. And the mass concentrations of PM2.5 were negtive-correlated to wind speeds, but the correlation between the mass concentration of PM2.5 and wind speed was not good at stronger wind.

To evaluate the results of endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) in children with chronic sinusitis. The long-term outcomes and the relative factors were analyzed retrospectively.A total of 268 children (432 sides), 186 males and 82 females, aged 3 to 17 years (average, 14.3) were included in this study (underwent ESS). The postoperative follow-up time of 188 cases (305 sides, 70.1%) was over one year. The management during follow-up was adopted under nasal endoscope and local anesthesia. The postoperative treatment included cleaning operative cavity, nasal irrigation, antibiotics, steroid, immune regulator, etc.Overall cases included 89 cases (147 sides) of chronic sinusitis, 86 cases (142 sides) of nasal polyps and 13 cases (16 sides) of mucocele respectively. The cure rate was 70.2% (132 cases). 43 cases (22.9%) were improved, while other 13 cases were of no effect. Overall symptoms, 93.1% children with headache were improved, 85.1% children were free of nasal obstruction and 60.1% children gained a relief of purulent discharge. 11 cases had no change and 2 cases were worse compared with before surgery. 34 cases with anosmia were improved or recovered after ESS. The total effective rate of ESS was 93.1%. 8 cases received a revision ESS.ESS in children with chronic sinusitis and polyps has a good long-term outcomes. The reasonable reservation of mucosa during ESS must be emphasized. The quality of follow-up is an important factor affecting the results of ESS. Whether the disciplinary preoperative management was made or not is the hypothesis of ESS indications.

Biosynthesis of liquid fuels and biomass-based building block chemicals from microorganisms have been regarded as a competitive alternative route to traditional. Zymomonas mobilis possesses a number of desirable characteristics for its special Entner-Doudoroff pathway, which makes it an ideal platform for both metabolic engineering and commercial-scale production of desirable bio-products as the same as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae based on consideration of future biomass biorefinery. Z. mobilis has been studied extensively on both fundamental and applied level, which will provide a basis for industrial biotechnology in the future. Furthermore, metabolic engineering of Z. mobilis for enhancing bio-ethanol production from biomass resources has been significantly promoted by different methods (i.e. mutagenesis, adaptive laboratory evolution, specific gene knock-out, and metabolic engineering). In addition, the feasibility of representative metabolites, i.e. sorbitol, bionic acid, levan, succinic acid, isobutanol, and isobutanol produced by Z. mobilis and the strategies for strain improvements are also discussed or highlighted in this paper. Moreover, this review will present some guidelines for future developments in the bio-based chemical production using Z. mobilis as a novel industrial platform for future biofineries.

We report a pulsed surface-emitted THz-wave parametric oscillator based on two MgO:LiNbO3 crystals pumped by a multi-longitudinal mode Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. Through varying the phase matching angle, the tunable THz-wave output from 0.79 THz to 2.84 THz is realized. The maximum THz-wave output was 193.2 nJ/pulse at 1.84 THz as the pump power density was 212.5 MW/cm2, corresponding to the energy conversion efficiency of 2.42×10−6 and the photon conversion efficiency of about 0.037%. When the pump power density changed from 123 MW/cm2 to 148 MW/cm2 and 164 MW/cm2, the maximum output of the THz-wave moved to the high frequency band. We give a reasonable explanation for this phenomenon.