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This thesis presents my main findings exploring different aspects of the Moon's history and evolution including (1) the structure and composition of the early Moon, (2) the volatile (F) evolution of the lunar magma ocean (LMO), (3) the olivine-melt partition coefficients of first-row transition elements application into lunar basalts genesis, (4) genesis and source region of Chang’E-5 basalts. Chapter 2 examines the stability of garnet in the deep lunar mantle. The chapter presents results from high-pressure, high-temperature experiments at deep lunar mantle conditions to determine the garnet stability field. The results indicate that garnet is stable at pressures above 3 GPa and temperatures below 1700 ℃, yielding a smaller stability field than previously suggested on the basis of thermodynamic calculations. This study also used experimental data to model equilibrium crystallization in a ‘two-stage’ model of LMO crystallization starting from a fully molten Moon. The findings suggest that garnet in the deep lunar mantle would significantly decrease the Al2O3 content of the residual LMO and impact HREE/MREE fractionation. Chapter 3 investigates the F evolution during LMO crystallization. The study conducted high-pressure, high-temperature experiments to quantify F mineral-melt partitioning for lunar minerals (plagioclase, orthopyroxene, and ilmenite). The results constrain the F abundance in the magma ocean to 21-41 ppm at the time crust-forming plagioclase started crystallizing. Starting at this new anchor point, the F contents in initial LMO and the urKREEP reservoir have been modeled. Based on the calculated 4.1-8.2 ppm F abundance in the initial LMO, this chapter discusses the possible ways in which the Moon lost F and provides evidence suggesting that the depletion of F could have occurred during or prior to the early LMO stages, whereas the onset of crust formation appears to have provided an efficient lid on the magma ocean, limiting degassing. Chapter 4 focus