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Current -omics methods allow the collection of a large amount of information that helps in describing the microbial diversity in nature. Here, and as a result of a culturomic approach that rendered the collection of thousands of isolates from 5 different hypersaline sites (in Spain, USA and New Zealand), we obtained 21 strains that represent two new Salinibacter species. For these species we propose the names Salinibacter pepae sp. nov. and Salinibacter grassmerensis sp. nov. (showing average nucleotide identity (ANI) values < 95.09% and 87.08% with Sal. ruber M31T, respectively). Metabolomics revealed species-specific discriminative profiles. Sal. ruber strains were distinguished by a higher percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids and specific N-functionalized fatty acids; and Sal. altiplanensis was distinguished by an increased number of glycosylated molecules. Based on sequence characteristics and inferred phenotype of metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs), we describe two new members of the genus Salinibacter. These species dominated in different sites and always coexisted with Sal. ruber and Sal. pepae. Based on the MAGs from three Argentinian lakes in the Pampa region of Argentina and the MAG of the Romanian lake Fără Fund, we describe the species Salinibacter pampae sp. nov. and Salinibacter abyssi sp. nov. respectively (showing ANI values 90.94% and 91.48% with Sal. ruber M31T, respectively). Sal. grassmerensis sp. nov. name was formed according to the rules of the International Code for Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP), and Sal. pepae, Sal. pampae sp. nov. and Sal. abyssi sp. nov. are proposed following the rules of the newly published Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes Described from Sequence Data (SeqCode). This work constitutes an example on how classification under ICNP and SeqCode can coexist, and how the official naming a cultivated organism for which the deposit in public repositories is difficult finds an intermediate solution. This study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities projects PGC2018-096956-B-C41, RTC-2017-6405-1 and PID2021-126114NB-C42, which were also supported by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER). RRM acknowledges the financial support of the sabbatical stay at Georgia Tech and HelmholzZentrum München by the grants PRX18/00048 and PRX21/00043 respectively also from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities. This research was carried out within the framework of the activities of the Spanish Government through the “Maria de Maeztu Centre of Excellence” accreditation to IMEDEA (CSIC-UIB) (CEX2021-001198). KTK’s research was supported, in part, by the U.S. National Science Foundation (Award No. 1831582 and No. 2129823). IMG. AC and HLB were financially supported by a grant of the Ministry of Research, Innovation and Digitization, CNCS/CCCDI – UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2020-1559, within PNCDI III. HLB acknowledges Ocna Sibiului City Hall (Sibiu County, Romania) for granting the access to Fără Fund Lake and A. Baricz and D.F. Bogdan for technical support during sampling and sample preparation. MBS thanks Dominion Salt for their assistance in sample Lake Grassmere. MELL acknowledges the financial support of the Argentinian National Scientific and Technical Research Council (Grant CONICET-NSFC 2017 N° IF-2018-10102222-APN-GDCT-CONICET) and the National Geographic Society (Grant # NGS 357R-18). BPH was supported by NASA (award 80NSSC18M0027). TV acknowledges the “Margarita Salas” postdoctoral grant, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Universities, within the framework of Recovery, Transformation and Resilience Plan, and funded by the European Union (NextGenerationEU), with the participation of the University of Balearic Islands (UIB).

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is becoming the main cause of death threatening human life because of its high disability rate, high mortality rate and great social harm. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes and clinical significance of leukocytes (WBC) and platelets (PLT) in patients with traumatic brain injury. In the process of specimen collection, 4ml of peripheral venous blood was collected 24 hours, 4 days, 7 days, 14 days and 21 days after craniocerebral injury using sterile, non-heat source and non-endotoxin test tube. 2ml venous blood was added into EDTA anticoagulant blood collection vessel to detect the changes of peripheral blood leukocytes and platelets in patients with craniocerebral injury. In addition, 2 ml venous blood was added into the procoagulant blood collection vessel, and the serum was separated and frozen for the determination of CRP and TSP1. All patients were evaluated with Glasgow outcome score at discharge. When detecting PLT and WBC, Sysmex K4500 hematology analyzer was used to routinely measure the number of PLT and WBC in peripheral blood at different time points. In the process of CRP (C-reactive protein) measurement, adjust the pipette to 60 pi, and add 50 pi of developer a and developer B into the micropore respectively. Then it vibrates on a mini vibrator for 5 seconds to ensure mixing. Preheat the microplate reader for 30 minutes, place the microplate in the microplate reader, set the parameters and read the values. When measuring TSP1 (thrombin sensitive protein 1), adjust the micropipette to 50 pi, then add 50pl termination solution into the micropore respectively, and then vibrate on the micro vibrator for 30 seconds to ensure full mixing. Further analysis showed that there was no difference between the non-infection group and the normal control group on the 4th day (P > 0.05). This study is helpful to the timely treatment of patients with traumatic brain injury.

A large number of studies are there for Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) fault attack analysis, but less for fault recognition. This paper presents a recognition method for single‐byte fault which is induced in the last three rounds of AES. Studying the differential characteristics of Sbox, the single byte fault induced in ninth round or tenth round will be identified respectively with 9.3 and 9.1 ciphertexts. For the fault induced in eighth round, the fault value can be obtained with 188.5 ciphertexts by analyzing the differential features of two Sboxes and MixColumns. As an auxiliary means for fault attacks, this method is used to realize the byte or bit level physical positioning of confidential data in the encryption chip, which is beneficial to reduce the blindness of the attacker's experiments and obtain the sensitive area of fault attack.

PSMA3 antisense RNA 1 (PSMA3‑AS1), a long noncoding RNA, promotes the progression of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. However, no study to date has explored the expression or roles of PSMA3‑AS1 in non‑small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). The present study examined the expression profile and role of PSMA3‑AS1 in NSCLC. It also aimed to identify how PSMA3‑AS1 promotes the malignant phenotype of NSCLC cells. PSMA3‑AS1 expression in NSCLC tissues and cell lines was measured by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Cell Counting Kit‑8, cell apoptosis, Transwell migration and invasion, and xenograft tumor assays were conducted to study the effects of PSMA3‑AS1 on the aggressive phenotype of NSCLC cells. Furthermore, bioinformatics analysis, RNA immunoprecipitation, luciferase reporter assay, western blotting, and rescue experiments were used to elucidate the interaction among PSMA3‑AS1, microRNA‑409‑3p (miR‑409‑3p), and spindlin 1 (SPIN1) in NSCLC cells. In the present study, high levels of PSMA3‑AS1 were confirmed in both NSCLC tissues and cell lines. An increased PSMA3‑AS1 level was correlated with advanced tumor‑node‑metastasis stage and increased lymph node metastasis. Patients with NSCLC with high PSMA3‑AS1 levels had shorter overall survival than those with low PSMA3‑AS1 levels. PSMA3‑AS1 depletion significantly decreased NSCLC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, as well as substantially increased cell apoptosis in vitro. Furthermore, PSMA3‑AS1 deficiency decreased NSCLC tumor growth in vivo. Through molecular mechanism assays, it was revealed that PSMA3‑AS1 acted as a molecular sponge for miR‑409‑3p and consequently increased SPIN1 expression. Notably, rescue experiments revealed that the inhibition of miR‑409‑3p or restoration of SPIN1 expression abrogated the effects of PSMA3‑AS1 knockdown in NSCLC cells. Collectively, PSMA3‑AS1 functioned as an oncogenic long noncoding RNA in NSCLC. PSMA3‑AS1 sponged miR‑409‑3p and thus increased SPIN1 expression, promoting the aggressive phenotype of NSCLC cells.

The present study was designed to investigate the function of matrix metalloproteinase‑9 (MMP‑9) in human glioma cells and the potential regulatory mechanisms. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of MMP‑9 and microRNA‑34a (miR‑34a) in the plasma of patients with glioma and healthy volunteers. MTT and Transwell assays were used to assess cell growth and migration, respectively. Annexin‑V/propidium iodide staining was used to measure cell apoptosis. In addition, MMP‑9 expression was measured using western blot analysis. In patients with glioma, MMP‑9 expression was increased, while miR‑34a expression was suppressed, compared with the normal group. Overall survival (OS) and disease‑free survival (DFS) of patients with high MMP‑9 expression were decreased compared with those with low MMP‑9 expression. OS and DFS of patients with low miR‑34a expression were decreased compared with those with high miR‑34a expression. Downregulation of miR‑34a promoted cell growth and migration, and inhibited apoptosis in U251‑MG glioma cells. However, overexpression of miR‑34a inhibited cell growth and migration, and induced apoptosis in glioma cells. Furthermore, downregulation of miR‑34a using anti‑miR‑34a induced MMP‑9 protein expression in glioma cells; whereas, overexpression of miR‑34a suppressed MMP‑9 protein expression in glioma cells. SB‑3CT, an inhibitor of MMP‑9, attenuated the effects of miR‑34a mimic on glioma cells. Together, these results indicated that miR‑34a inhibited cell growth and migration in human glioma cells by regulating MMP‑9.

Cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) is a therapeutic strategy for ischemia; however, it usually causes injury by the aspect of inflammation and neuron apoptosis. This investigation aims to investigate the protective effects of phytic acid (IP6) for cerebral I/R injury in vitro. PC-12 cells under Oxygen and glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were performed to mimic cerebral I/R. IP6 was pretreated before PC-12 cells under OGD/R treatment. The data showed that IP6 activated the expression of sestrin2 in OGD/R injured PC-12 cells. IP6 inhibited OGD/R induced inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis by activating sestrin2. Besides, p38 MAPK may mediate the effects of sestrin2 activated by IP6. Therefore, IP6 can be a potential drug to prevent neurological damage in cerebral I/R injury.

The economic vitality of China’s regions (provinces or cities) is affected by many factors. In this paper, the influencing indicators are listed by referring to the relevant factors that affect economic vitality. Based on the data obtained from the Internet, a systematic (hierarchical) clustering model of relevant indicators in Chinese provinces and cities is established, introducing the Elbow Rule and Factor Analysis to analyze and summarize the correlation of various indicators. A computer-based multiple regression model is used to establish a relationship model that affects economic vitality. Based on this relationship model, effective and reasonable suggestions for improving economic vitality are proposed.

The aim of the present study was to assess the expression status of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-28 and to investigate its molecular mechanisms in glioma cells. MicroRNA (miRNA) reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to analyze the expression of MMP-28 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β expression in glioma patients and healthy volunteers. MTT and Transwell assays were conducted to determine cell growth and metastasis, respectively. Annexin V/propidium iodide staining was also employed to measure cell apoptosis. MMP-28 and TGF-β protein expression were measured using western Blot analysis. The results indicated that MMP-28 and TGF-β expression was downregulated in glioma patients, when compared with the normal group. Overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with a low expression of MMP-28 were lower than those with high MMP-28 expression. Overexpression of MMP-28 induced TGF-β protein expression, while downregulation of MMP-28 suppressed TGF-β protein expression in glioma cell. The downregulation of MMP-28 reduced the cell growth and apoptosis of glioma cell via the suppression of TGF-β. By contrast, upregulation of MMP-28 induced cell growth and reduced the apoptosis of glioma cells by activating TGF-β. In addition, the TGF-β inhibitor attenuated the effects of MMP-28 in glioma cells. Collectively, the results indicated that MMP-28 was able to induce TGF-β in human glioma cells.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the feasibility of the non-adhesive temperature-sensitive liquid embolic material, chitosan/β-glycerophosphate (C/GP), in embolizing the basicranial rete mirabile (REM) in a swine model of cerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM). A total of 24 domestic swines were used as the experimental animals, among which 12 pigs underwent direct embolization of one side of the REM, while the other 12 pigs underwent embolization of the bilateral REM following anastomosis of the carotid artery and jugular vein. A super-selective microcatheter was introduced into the REM during the embolization procedure, and the C/GP hydrogel was injected until an image of the REM disappeared in the angiography examination. Further angiography examinations were performed after 2 and 6 weeks, and histological examination of the REM was performed after 6 weeks. Of the 24 domestic swines, 23 cases underwent successful thrombosis. Convulsions occurred in one case and that pig died during the embolization procedure. Following embolization, the angiography observations revealed that the embolized REM was no longer able to be developed, and adhesion of the microcatheter tip with the embolic agent did not occur. In addition, no apparent revascularization was observed in the angiography examinations performed at weeks 2 and 6. Therefore, the current preliminary study indicated that use of the non-adhesive temperature-sensitive embolic material was feasible for the embolization of cAVM; thus, C/GP may be used as an ideal embolic material for the treatment of cAVM.

The existing recognition methods of radiation source signal are extremely sensitive to the change of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In order to solve this problem, in this paper, it proposes a radar signal recognition method based on fractal box dimension and neural network under the condition of unstable SNR. Firstly, it extracts box counting dimension features of four different radiation source signals, and then uses the characteristic values of stable box counting dimension as the inputs of the neural network. Finally, it can recognize the four different kinds of radiation source signals. Simulation results show that, taking the box counting dimension characteristics as the input of the neural network to train, test and classify, it has good recognition rate in a certain changed range of SNR, and it has more widely application in the application environment.

Nowadays, the traditional parameters recognition method cannot match the requirements of the increasing new modulation radar signals. In order to solve this problem, in this paper, it proposes the improved radar signal recognition algorithm based on fractal theory and Neural Network theory. Taking the advantage of the characteristics of relevant dimension which will be able to measure the relevant complex degree of the radial source signals, we extract the relevant point as the input of neutral network in order to recognize and classify the signals. Simulation results show that, this algorithm has a distinguish effect on classification under low SNR, which is suitable for the feature extraction and recognition of various styles of radar signals.

Multiple fractal dimensions can be used to depict the geometry characteristic of the radiation source signals from different dimensions, thus it can be used to extract the features of different radiation source signals. In this paper, it proposes an improved feature extraction algorithm of radiation source signals based on the multiple fractal theory, it improves the solution method of traditional multiple fractal dimension which accumulated the q dimensions characteristics. Meantime, it increases the regularity and gathered degrees of the characteristics of radiation source signals, and under the condition that the basic computational complexity of algorithm is not changed. Simulation results show that, for the classification of different radiation source signals, the improved algorithm has better property and classification rate.

This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory roles of a polysaccharide extract from Inonotus obliquus on U251 human neurogliocytoma cells cultured in vitro. After administering the polysaccharide extract from I. obliquus to U251 cells cultivated in vitro, methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliym assay was performed to measure the inhibitory effects of the extract on tumor cell proliferation. The expression of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2 and caspase-3 were determined by Western blotting. Different concentrations of I. obliquus extract (25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 µg/mL) were added to U251 cells at 24, 48, and 72 hours. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazoliym assay showed that the inhibition ratio increased with increased extract concentration and prolonged treatment duration. The I. obliquus extract sharply decreased the expression of Bcl-2 but dramatically increased the expression of caspase-3. This function was gradually enhanced with increased drug concentration and prolonged treatment duration. The I. obliquus extract can inhibit the proliferation of tumor cells. This inhibition function is closely related to the downregulation of Bcl-2 and the upregulation of caspase-3.

When a stepped-frequency radar is used to obtain the high-resolution range profile (HRRP) of high-speed target, accurate speed estimation and motion compensation must be considered. Therefore, in this paper, a novel mathematical method is presented for estimating the target speed. Firstly, the pulse Doppler method is used to calculate the initial estimation value. Secondly, based on the initial estimation value, the minimum entropy method is used to calculate the coarse estimation value. Finally, based on the coarse estimation value, the minimuml1-Norms method is used to calculate the accurate estimation value. The numeric simulation results confirm that this new method is effective and predominant, which has a much higher estimation accuracy in a low SNR and a much larger estimation range of target speed. The final estimation value can be used to well compensate for the influence of target speed on HRRP.

Evidence theory is an important method for uncertainty reasoning. Because evidence theory can well process uncertain information, imprecise information, fuzzy information, and information without prior knowledge, it is wildly used in information fusion, expert system, fuzzy recognition, and intelligent decision system. This paper depend on original evidence theory fusion algorithm, put forward a new algorithm to process conflict information efficiently, this algorithm change the basic probability assignment of evidences by changing its reliability, and then get the ultimate decision making result by doing a new combination. The simulation results show the effectiveness of this algorithm, and it can give a better decision making results in processing conflict evidences.

Aiming at flight property of airship, a trajectory tracking controller of airship horizontal model is designed based on active disturbance rejection control (ADRC). The six Degree of Freedom (DOF) dynamic model of airship is simplified at a horizontal plane. ADRC is used to realize the decoupling control for the multivariable system. The uncertain items of the model and external disturbances are estimated by the extended state observer (ESO) and dynamic feedback compensation is carried on at real time. The disturbance of wind is added to the simulation environment. The simulation results show that the designed tracking controller can overcome the influences of uncertain items of the model and external disturbances, and track the desired trajectory rapidly and steadily, and possess good robustness and control performances.

Nowadays, the traditional recognition method could not match the development of radar signals. In this paper, based on fractal theory and Neural Network, a new radar signal recognition algorithm is presented. The relevant point is extracted as the input of neutral network, and then it will recognize and classify the signals. Simulation results show that, this algorithm has a distinguish effect on classification under the condition of low SNR.

Multiple fractal dimensions can depict the geometry characteristic of the signals from different levels, thus it can extract the features of different signals. The paper proposed an improved algorithm of multiple fractal dimension, it changed the calculation method of traditional multiple fractal dimension which accumulated the q dimensions characteristics. It increased the regularity and gathered degrees of the signals’ characteristics, under the condition that the basic computational complexity of algorithm was not changed. Simulation results show that, for the classification of different signals, the improved algorithm has better property.

The S-transform is an very efficient time-frequency representation method. According to the contrast of the traditional methods, the S-transform has a progressive anti-noise property and time-frequency resolution. Making use of the advantage of the S-transform, the characteristic variables of the modulation signal can be gotten, which can be used to distinguish the different type of modulation signals. The simulation experiment results show that the S-transform can express the instantaneous frequency of modulation signals clearly. Through extracting the linear feature, this paper goes deep into scooping out the new characteristic and extracts the character vectors, which can be used to set up a classification and recognition model. It can be used to correctly classify the different type of modulation signals.

In the field of uncertain information processing technology, the evidence theory is an effective method, especially in the field of multi-sensor fusion technology, the evidence theory has been widely used. The basic DS combination rule in dealing with conflict evidences exists obvious defects, while in practical applications, conflicting sensor data are inevitable, so the main research direction of evidence theory fusion algorithm is the combination rules of conflicting evidences. In this paper, on the basis of the original algorithm, a new evidence fusion method is proposed, and the simulation results show that this algorithm can deal with conflict evidences effectively.