Search

Identification and mapping of an inhibitor of Ndhrl1 mediating nitrogen-dependent hypersensitive reaction-like phenotype in wheat. Hypersensitive reaction-like (HRL) traits are characteristic of spontaneous lesions including yellowish spots, brown spots or white-stripe that appeared randomly and dispersedly on all the leaves in the absence of plant pathogens. Our previous studies have shown that the wheat line P7001 showed an HRL trait at low nitrogen supply, and this trait was controlled by the gene Ndhrl1 (Nitrogen-dependent hypersensitive reaction-like 1). In order to investigate the robustness of the trait expression mediated by Ndhrl1 under different genetic backgrounds, seven genetic populations, with P7001 being the common female parent, were constructed and analyzed. F

Objective. This study seeks to explore the efficacy and prognosis of stereotactic aspiration for malignant middle cerebral artery infarction (mMCAI). Methods. A total of 50 mMCAI patients who were diagnosed and treated in our hospital from January 2018 to June 2020 were collected and then randomly divided into control group (decompressive craniectomy, n = 24) and study group (stereotactic aspiration, n = 26). After 1 and 6 months of treatment, the scores of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), Barthel Index, and modified Rankin Scale (mRS) were used to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Additionally, the mortality and survival rates after treatment were recorded to compare the prognostic effect between the two groups. Results. One month after treatment, the GCS scores and Barthel Index score increased in both the control and study groups and were significantly higher in the study group. The follow-up results at 1 and 6 months after treatment showed that in comparison with the control group, stereotactic aspiration led to a higher survival rate and lower mortality rate; the latter had superior NIHSS score and mRS score and better prognosis. Conclusion. In comparison with decompressive craniectomy, stereotactic aspiration shows outstanding clinical efficacy and more advantages in the treatment of mMCAI. Therefore, stereotactic aspiration is more worthy of clinical application.

Spreading depolarization (SD) has been regarded as one cause of neuronal injury in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). However, SD in the hyperacute phase of SAH is still unclear. The objective of this study was to detect real-time spatial-temporal patterns of SD, assess the effect of SD on cerebral blood flow, and test the relationship between SD and brain injury in the acute phase of SAH.Twenty-eight mice were separated into two groups: 16 animals in the SAH group and 12 animals in the sham group. Experimental SAH was done with an endovascular filament perforation model. Changes in optical reflection were registered with intrinsic optical signal imaging (IOSI) after SAH. Spatial-temporal patterns of SDs were analyzed and brain injury including brain edema and infarction was tested.Totally, 117 SDs occurred after SAH. According to the hemodynamic response and duration, SDs could be classified into Type I (short SD), Type II (intermediate SD), and Type III (persistent SD). Most of SDs originated from the somatosensory and visual cortex. SDs demonstrated distinct spreading patterns. Moreover, the number and duration of SDs associated with brain water content (p 0.05, p 0.01). SDs, especially, persistent SDs associated with infarct volume in the hyperacute phase of SAH (p 0.001, p 0.001).Our results suggest that SD occurs with a high incidence during the acute stage of SAH in mice. And the lissencephalic mouse brain is capable of different SD propagation patterns. Additionally, SD may aggravate brain edema and induce brain infarction, contributing to early brain injury after SAH.

Background Minimally invasive surgery procedures, including stereotactic catheter aspiration and clearance of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator hold a promise to improve outcome of supratentorial brain hemorrhage, a morbid and disabling type of stroke. A recently completed Phase III randomized trial showed improved mortality but was neutral on the primary outcome (modified Rankin scale score 0 to 3 at 1 yr). Objective To assess surgical performance and its impact on the extent of ICH evacuation and functional outcomes. Methods Univariate and multivariate models were used to assess the extent of hematoma evacuation efficacy in relation to mRS 0 to 3 outcome and postulated factors related to patient, disease, and protocol adherence in the surgical arm (n = 242) of the MISTIE trial. Results Greater ICH reduction has a higher likelihood of achieving mRS of 0 to 3 with a minimum evacuation threshold of ≤15 mL end of treatment ICH volume or ≥70% volume reduction when controlling for disease severity factors. Mortality benefit was achieved at ≤30 mL end of treatment ICH volume, or >53% volume reduction. Initial hematoma volume, history of hypertension, irregular-shaped hematoma, number of alteplase doses given, surgical protocol deviations, and catheter manipulation problems were significant factors in failing to achieve ≤15 mL goal evacuation. Greater surgeon/site experiences were associated with avoiding poor hematoma evacuation. Conclusion This is the first surgical trial reporting thresholds for reduction of ICH volume correlating with improved mortality and functional outcomes. To realize the benefit of surgery, protocol objectives, surgeon education, technical enhancements, and case selection should be focused on this goal.

Xipei Wang,1,* Yifan Wang,2,3,* Fen Yao,2,3,* Shenglong Chen,2,* Yating Hou,4 Zhijie Zheng,1 Jinbiao Luo,5 Binghui Qiu,6 Zhanfu Li,7 Yirong Wang,2 Zheng Wu,2 Jinhua Lan,2 Chunbo Chen8,9 1Department of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 3School of Biology and Biological Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510080, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Oncology, Maoming People’s Hospital, Maoming, 525000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Neurosurgery, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510180, People’s Republic of China; 6Department of Neurosurgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 7Department of Intensive Care Unit, Guangdong 999 Brain Hospital, Guangzhou, 510510, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 8Department of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 9The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Chunbo ChenDepartment of Intensive Care Unit of Cardiovascular Surgery, Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Laboratory of South China Structural Heart Disease, 96 Dongchuan Road, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail gghccm@163.comPurpose: The aim of this study is to use a population pharmacokinetic (PK) approach to evaluate the optimal dosing strategy for linezolid (LNZ) in critically ill patients.Methods: This multicenter, prospective, open-label, observational study was conducted in 152 patients, and 117 of them were included in the PK model, whereas the rest were in the validation group. The percentage of therapeutic target attainment (PTTA) comprising two pharmacodynamic indices and one toxicity index was used to evaluate dosing regimens based on Monte Carlo simulations stratified by low, normal, and high renal clearance for MICs of 0.25– 4 mg/L.Results: A single-compartment model with a covariate creatinine clearance (CrCL) was chosen as the final model. The PK parameter estimates were clearance of 5.60 L/h, with CrCL adjustment factor of 0.386, and a distribution volume of 43.4 L. For MIC ≤ 2 mg/L, the standard dosing regimen (600 mg q12h) for patients with severe renal impairment (CrCL, 40 mL/min) and standard dosing or 900 mg q12h for patients with normal renal functions (CrCL, 80 mL/min) could achieve PTTA ≥ 74%. The dose of 2400 mg per 24-h continuous infusion was ideal for augmented renal clearance (ARC) with MIC ≤ 1 mg/L. For MICs > 2 mg/L, rare optimal dose regimens were found regardless of renal function.Conclusion: In critically ill patients, the standard dose of 600 mg q12h was sufficient for MIC ≤ 2 mg/L in patients without ARC. Moreover, a 2400 mg/day 24-h continuous infusion was recommended for ARC patients.Keywords: critically ill patients, linezolid, population pharmacokinetic

BackgroundLinezolid (LNZ) is a common antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. But there is a lack of evaluation of pharmacokinetics (PK) of LNZ dose adjustment for creatinine clearance (CrCL) in highly heterogeneous critically ill patients. By using a population PK approach, we aimed to determine the optimal dosing strategy for LNZ in critically ill patients, especially those along with renal dysfunction. MethodsThis multicenter, prospective, open-label, observational study was conducted in intensive care units of 4 tertiary hospitals. Of the 152 eligible patients, 117 were included for establishing the PK model. Besides internal validation, external validation was conducted using another 35 patients as a validation group. The area under curve from 0 to 24h at steady-state divided by the minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC24/MIC) >80 and trough concentration of LNZ

Background The initial CT blend sign is an imaging marker that has been used to predict haematoma expansion and poor outcomes in patients with small-volume intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). However, the association of the blend sign with the outcomes of patients undergoing surgery remains unclear. The present study aimed to retrospectively evaluate the influence of the initial CT blend sign on short-term outcomes in patients with hypertensive ICH after stereotactic minimally invasive surgery (sMIS). Methods We enrolled 242 patients with spontaneous ICH. The patients were assigned to the blend sign group (91 patients) or non-blend sign (control) group (151 patients) based on the initial CT features. The NIHSS, GCS and mRS were used to assess the effects of sMIS. The rates of severe pulmonary infection and cardiac complications were also compared between the two groups. Results Statistically significant differences in the NIHSS and GCS scores were not observed between the blend sign group and the control group. No significant differences in the proportion of patients with good outcomes during the follow-up period were observed between the two groups. A higher rate of re-haemorrhage was noted in the blend sign group. Significant differences in the rates of severe pulmonary infection and cardiac complications were not observed between the two groups. Conclusions The initial CT blend sign is not associated with poor outcomes in patients with hypertensive ICH after sMIS. ICH patients with the CT blend sign should undergo sMIS if they are suitable candidates for surgery.

Objective To evaluate the clinical manifestations of cystic vestibular schwannomas (VSs), investigate the immunohistochemical profiles of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in Antoni A and B areas, and speculate the pathogenesis of cystic formation and intratumoral hemorrhage. Methods Clinical features and outcomes of 24 cases of cystic VSs and 38 cases of solid VSs were retrospectively compared. Immunohistochemical studies were conducted to evaluate the characteristics of MMPs and VEGF in cystic and solid VSs. Results The tumor size was 38.92 ± 1.86 mm and 31.95 ± 1.74 mm in the cystic and solid VSs group, respectively (P = 0.011). Cystic VSs were rich in the Antoni B area. MMP-9 expression was low in the Antoni A and B areas. MMP-2 was moderately expressed. No significant difference in MMP-2 expression existed between the Antoni A and B areas (P > 0.05). VEGF and MMP-14 expression were moderate in the Antoni A area and intense in the Antoni B area, and the expression of both was significantly greater in the Antoni B area than in the Antoni A area (P Conclusions MMP-14 and VEGF expression were significantly greater in the Antoni B area than in the Antoni A area. Upregulated MMP-14 may degrade loose collagen in the Antoni B area and contribute to cystic formation. MMP-14 can enhance VEGF activity, which may induce extravasation of a plasma ultrafiltrate, cystic expansion, and intratumoral hemorrhage. Therefore, MMP-14 inhibition may be a therapeutic strategy for treating cystic VSs.

Smart grid is a typical cyber-physical fusion system, which combines power system engineering technology and communication information technology. Compared with traditional power grids, smart grids involve more complex interaction processes. The interaction of information poses a certain threat to the privacy of users. However, most of the existing privacy-preserving schemes are not secure and cannot resist internal or external attacks well. In order to solve the existing challenges, this article proposes a privacy-preserving scheme based on group signatures, applying elliptic curve cryptography to ensure user privacy and data integrity and authenticity. We use the ProVerif verification tool to formally analyze and verify the scheme, and compare it with other schemes to prove the safety and correctness of the proposed scheme. At the same time, our solution has good scalability and low computing and storage costs.

Acute stroke due to supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Open craniotomy haematoma evacuation has not been found to have any benefit in large randomised trials. We assessed whether minimally invasive catheter evacuation followed by thrombolysis (MISTIE), with the aim of decreasing clot size to 15 mL or less, would improve functional outcome in patients with intracerebral haemorrhage. MISTIE III was an open-label, blinded endpoint, phase 3 trial done at 78 hospitals in the USA, Canada, Europe, Australia, and Asia. We enrolled patients aged 18 years or older with spontaneous, non-traumatic, supratentorial intracerebral haemorrhage of 30 mL or more. We used a computer-generated number sequence with a block size of four or six to centrally randomise patients to image-guided MISTIE treatment (1·0 mg alteplase every 8 h for up to nine doses) or standard medical care. Primary outcome was good functional outcome, defined as the proportion of patients who achieved a modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-3 at 365 days, adjusted for group differences in prespecified baseline covariates (stability intracerebral haemorrhage size, age, Glasgow Coma Scale, stability intraventricular haemorrhage size, and clot location). Analysis of the primary efficacy outcome was done in the modified intention-to-treat (mITT) population, which included all eligible, randomly assigned patients who were exposed to treatment. All randomly assigned patients were included in the safety analysis. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01827046. Between Dec 30, 2013, and Aug 15, 2017, 506 patients were randomly allocated: 255 (50%) to the MISTIE group and 251 (50%) to standard medical care. 499 patients (n=250 in the MISTIE group; n=249 in the standard medical care group) received treatment and were included in the mITT analysis set. The mITT primary adjusted efficacy analysis estimated that 45% of patients in the MISTIE group and 41% patients in the standard medical care group had achieved an mRS score of 0-3 at 365 days (adjusted risk difference 4% [95% CI -4 to 12]; p=0·33). Sensitivity analyses of 365-day mRS using generalised ordered logistic regression models adjusted for baseline variables showed that the estimated odds ratios comparing MISTIE with standard medical care for mRS scores higher than 5 versus 5 or less, higher than 4 versus 4 or less, higher than 3 versus 3 or less, and higher than 2 versus 2 or less were 0·60 (p=0·03), 0·84 (p=0·42), 0·87 (p=0·49), and 0·82 (p=0·44), respectively. At 7 days, two (1%) of 255 patients in the MISTIE group and ten (4%) of 251 patients in the standard medical care group had died (p=0·02) and at 30 days, 24 (9%) patients in the MISTIE group and 37 (15%) patients in the standard medical care group had died (p=0·07). The number of patients with symptomatic bleeding and brain bacterial infections was similar between the MISTIE and standard medical care groups (six [2%] of 255 patients vs three [1%] of 251 patients; p=0·33 for symptomatic bleeding; two [1%] of 255 patients vs 0 [0%] of 251 patients; p=0·16 for brain bacterial infections). At 30 days, 76 (30%) of 255 patients in the MISTIE group and 84 (33%) of 251 patients in the standard medical care group had one or more serious adverse event, and the difference in number of serious adverse events between the groups was statistically significant (p=0·012). For moderate to large intracerebral haemorrhage, MISTIE did not improve the proportion of patients who achieved a good response 365 days after intracerebral haemorrhage. The procedure was safely adopted by our sample of surgeons. National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Genentech. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.]

Objectives Hematoma formed after intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) could results in secondary brain damage. In vitro thrombin treatment allows investigation of the pathology and mechanisms behind brain injury, and provides extracellular environment that simulates the conditions that result from ICH. Rosiglitazone treatment protects against brain damage through promoting the phagocytosis of red blood cells by microglia. The present study aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms using the thrombin-induced model of ICH. Methods A total of 54 neonatal rats was used in the present study. Primary microglia were obtained from the brain tissues of neonatal SD rats, and then divided into 4 groups: normal control group (NC group), thrombin treatment group(TH group), RSG pretreatment + thrombin treatment group(RSG group), and RSG pretreatment + thrombin treatment together with p38MAPK signaling inhibitor group (SB group). Then, laser scanning confocal microscopywas used to evaluate microglial phagocytosis by observing phagocytizedred fluorescent microspheres. The mRNA and protein expression levels of CD36 were measured by RT-PCR and western blot. Results Microglial phagocytosis was increased in the RSG group compared with the other groups, and phagocytosis in the SB group was decreased compared to the RSG group. The RSG group displayed increased expression of CD36 compared to the other groups, both at protein and mRNA levels (P

Spreading depolarization (SD) is a transient wave of near-complete neuronal and glial depolarization related to massive transmembrane ionic and water shifts. It spreads slowly at a rate of millimeters per minute in the central nervous system. Although mechanisms of SD initiation and propagation are still debate, abundant experimental and clinical evidence has demonstrated that SD emerges as the mechanism of migraine aura and secondary brain injury after subarachnoid hemorrhage, traumatic brain injury, and ischemic stroke. Therefore, it is essential to detect SD in animals and human with appropriate methods. Optical imaging of intrinsic signals (OIS) is a functional brain imaging technique with high spatial-temporal resolution and it is suitable for studying SD. In OIS, information about changes in cell swelling, cerebral blood volume, and oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin following SD can be acquired. Moreover, OIS provides information in spatial and temporal patterns of SD. In this article, we will review studies in which OIS is used to record SD and summarize the characteristics of OIS responses to SD. Moreover, challenges for OIS will be discussed.

Backgrounds Intracranial post-operative re-haemorrhage is an important complication in patients with hypertensive intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). The purpose of the present study was to determine the value of the computed tomography (CT) blend sign in predicting post-operative re-haemorrhage in patients with ICH. Methods A total of 126 patients with ICH were included in the present study. All the patients underwent standard stereotactic minimally invasive surgery(MIS) to remove the ICH within 24 h following admission. There were 41 patients with a blend sign on initial CT and 85 patients without a blend sign on the initial CT. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the relationship between the presence of the blend sign on the non-enhanced admission CT scan and post-operative re-haemorrhage. Results Post-operative re-haemorrhage occurred in 24 of the 41 patients with the blend sign, and in 9 of the 85 patients without the blend sign. The incidence of re-haemorrhage was significantly different between the groups. The multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that the initial Glasgow coma scale score (p = 0.002) and blend sign (P

When the road passes through the first-grade surface sources protection zones and secondary reserve for domestic and drinking water, Road runoff needs to be treated. Pollutant control index achieve environmental quality standards for surface water (GB 3838-2002) before being discharged. Road runoff treatment belongs to a new field. It is not very clear about the definition and not formed a mature system in domestic research. In the vast literature at home and abroad about pavement runoff, this article summarizing the engineering and non-engineering measures of pavement runoff, and discussing handling the problems existing in the research and future development trend, provides reference for the related research and engineering design.

Inactivation of the cyclic nucleotide signal in granulosa cells depends on a complex array of cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases (PDE). In order to examine the role of PDE in cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling in granulosa cells, the present study examined the expression of PDE4D proteins and regulation of cAMP-PDE activities in cultured rat granulosa cells. The results of immunoblot analyses showed that two predominant PDE4D subtypes of approximately 80 and 70 kDa appeared when immature rat granulosa cells were treated with FSH. However, these two new subtypes presumed to be PDE4D proteins were not influenced by treatments of DETA/NO, cGMP and PKB inhibitor, LY294002. Immature rat granulosa cells treated with medium alone displayed low cAMP-PDE activity throughout 48 h of culture while those treated with FSH (2 ng·mL -1 ) showed a marked increase in cAMP-PDE activity between 6 and 12 h of culture, followed by a decline. The findings from the present study indicate that the increased cAMP-PDE activity by FSH is mainly related to the changes of PDE4D protein levels. However, the inhibitory effects of NO on cAMP accumulation in rat granulosa cells are not via the increased cAMP-PDE activity.