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Periplaneta americana L. (PA), a type of animal medicine, has been widely used for wound healing in clinical settings. In order to further investigate the bioactive wound healing substances in PA, crude PA protein-polysaccharide complexes were further purified by cellulose DE-52 and Sephadex G100 chromatography in succession. Among these isolated fractions, two fractions eluted by 0.3 M and 0.5 M NaCl with the higher yield, respectively named PaPPc2 and PaPPc3 respectively, were chosen for the wound healing experiments. Mediated by HPGPC, amino acid and monosaccharide composition analysis, circular dichroism spectrum, glycosylation type, FT-IR, and

The unusual properties of quasicrystals (QCs) have attracted tremendous attention from researchers. In this paper, a semi-analytical solution is presented for the static response of a functionally graded (FG) multilayered two-dimensional (2D) decagonal QC rectangular plate with mixed boundary conditions. Based on the elastic theory of FG 2D QCs, the state-space method is used to derive the state equations composed of partial differential along the thickness direction. Besides, the Fourier series expansion and the differential quadrature technique are utilized to simulate the simply supported boundary conditions and the mixed boundary conditions, respectively. Then, the propagator matrix which connects the field variables at the upper interface to those at the lower interface of any homogeneous layer can be derived based on the state equations. Combined with the interface continuity condition, the static response can be obtained by imposing the sinusoidal load on the top surfaces of laminates. Finally, the numerical examples are presented to verify the effectiveness of this method, and the results are very useful for the design and understanding of the characterization of FG QC materials in their applications to multilayered systems.

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of locked posterior shoulder dislocation with reverse Hill–Sachs lesions in patients treated with anatomical reconstructions. Methods Patients who were treated at our institution between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographics of the patients including gender, age, occupation, and dominant arm were recorded. Eleven cases from 10 patients qualified in this study. Nine males and one female were included. The mean age of the patients was 44.8 years (range, 33–54 years). Mechanism of injury, duration between injuries and definitive diagnosis, misdiagnosis, size of humeral head impaction, treatment maneuver, and details of operation performed were reviewed. Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan were taken to determine the size of defects preoperatively and fracture healing during follow‐up. During surgery, the deltopectoral approach was employed. Anatomical reconstruction procedure including reduction, disimpaction, bone grafting, and fixation were sequentially performed. Either cancellous autograft from iliac crest or allograft were used and the fractures were anatomically reduced and stabilized by screws or plates. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Constant–Murley score were recorded to determine the functional outcomes preoperatively, at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up. The range of motion in forward flexion was recorded at 6 months follow‐up postoperatively. Results Causes of injuries included epileptic seizure in four cases, fall in three cases, and road traffic accident in three cases. Misdiagnoses occurred in five out of 10 patients. The mean time between injury and definitive treatment among those misdiagnosed was 112 days. The mean size of the impacted reverse Hill–Sachs lesions was 33.95% (range, 19.1%–42.6%). All patients received surgical management with anatomical reconstruction approach, including open reduction, disimpaction, bone grafting, and internal fixation. The mean amount of bleeding during operation was 450 mL. The mean follow‐up period was 22.6 months. Fracture healing was observed by 8 weeks in all cases postoperatively and evidence of bone grafting could not be further detected on CT scan at 6 month during follow‐up. VAS was significantly lower at the last follow‐up (0.68 ± 0.21) in comparison to preoperative scores (4.96 ± 0.97) (P, Fracture healing after treatment of locked posterior shoulder dislocation with reverse Hill–Sachs lesion via anatomical reconstructions.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture is a common musculoskeletal injury, most frequently affecting young and physically active patients. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been widely used in ACL reconstruction to augment the graft healing. However, high-level studies addressing its clinical efficacy could not reach a consensus. In this study, we assess the efficacy of PRP on pain relief, functional improvement along with radiological changes in patients who underwent ACL reconstruction. We performed comprehensive literature search and included 17 RCTs containing 970 participants who underwent ACL reconstruction. The combined data showed significant difference between PRP and control with regard to VAS score (MD: -1.12, 95% CI -1.92, -0.31

LRP1, the low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, would be a novel candidate epilepsy gene according to our bioinformatic results and the animal study. In this study, we explored the role of LRP1 in Epilepsy and whether Beta-hydroxybutyrate, the principal ketone body of the ketogenic diet can treat epilepsy caused by LRP1 deficiency. UAS/GAL4 system was used to establish different genotype models. Flies were given Standard, High-sucrose, and ketone body food randomly. The bang-sensitive test was performed on flies and seizure-like behavior was assessed. Morphologic alteration of LRP1 defect in the brain was detected under GPF expression flies. We established global, astrocytic, and neuronal LRP1 knockdown flies. Whole body and glia LRP1 defect flies had a higher seizure rate compared to the control group in the behavior test. Ketone body decreased the seizure rate in behavior test in all LRP1 defect flies, compared to Standard and High sucrose diet. In morphologic experiments, we found that LRP1 deficiency caused partial loss of the ellipsoidal body and partial destruction of the fan-shaped body. Overexpression of glutamate transporter gene Eaat1 could mimic the ketone body effect on LRP1 deficiency flies. This study demonstrated that LRP1 defect globally or in astrocytes or neurons could induce epilepsy. The ketone body efficaciously rescued epilepsy caused by LRP1 knockdown. The results support screening for LRP1 mutations as discriminating conduct for individuals who require clinical attention and further clarify the mechanism of the ketogenic diet in Epilepsy, which could help Epilepsy patients making a precise treatment case by case.

Although double positive CD4

Since pro-inflammatory macrophages take on a critical significance in the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), the therapeutics to affect macrophages may receive distinct anti-RA effects. However, the therapeutic outcomes are still significantly impeded, which is primarily due to the insufficient drug delivery at the arthritic site. In this study, the macrophage-targeting and pH stimuli-responsive nano-polyelectrolyte complexes were designed for the efficient targeted delivery of triptolide (TP/PNPs) on the arthritic site. The anionic and cationic amphiphilic copolymers, i.e., hyaluronic acid-g-vitamin E succinate (HA-VE) and the quaternized poly (β-amino ester) (QPBAE-C

LRP1, the low-density lipoprotein receptor 1, would be a novel candidate gene of epilepsy according to our bioinformatic results and the animal study. In this study, we explored the role of LRP1 in epilepsy and whether beta-hydroxybutyrate, the principal ketone body of the ketogenic diet, can treat epilepsy caused by LRP1 deficiency in drosophila. UAS/GAL4 system was used to establish different genotype models. Flies were given standard, high-sucrose, and ketone body food randomly. The bang-sensitive test was performed on flies and seizure-like behavior was assessed. In morphologic experiments, we found that LRP1 deficiency caused partial loss of the ellipsoidal body and partial destruction of the fan-shaped body. Whole-body and glia LRP1 defect flies had a higher seizure rate compared to the control group. Ketone body decreased the seizure rate in behavior test in all LRP1 defect flies, compared to standard and high sucrose diet. Overexpression of glutamate transporter gene Eaat1 could mimic the ketone body effect on LRP1 deficiency flies. This study demonstrated that LRP1 defect globally or in glial cells or neurons could induce epilepsy in drosophila. The ketone body efficaciously rescued epilepsy caused by LRP1 knockdown. The results support screening for LRP1 mutations as discriminating conduct for individuals who require clinical attention and further clarify the mechanism of the ketogenic diet in epilepsy, which could help epilepsy patients make a precise treatment case by case.

Fingerprints of 18 batches of substance benchmark of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction(SZD) were established by UPLC under the following conditions: Waters Sun Fire C_(18) column(3.0 mm×150 mm, 3.5 μm), column temperature of 35 ℃, gradient elution with mobile phase of acetonitrile(A)-0.1% phosphoric acid aqueous solution(B) at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and detection by wavelength switching. A total of 16 common peaks were identified. The similarities among the fingerprints were calculated by Similarity Evaluation System for Chromatographic Fingerprint of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2012 Edition) and the result showed they were in the range of 0.911-0.988. Based on the 16 common peaks, cluster analysis(CA), principal component analysis(PCA), and partial least square discriminant analysis(PLS-DA) all categorized the 18 batches of samples into two groups(S1, S2, S5-S8, S14, and S17 in one group, and S1, S2, S5-S8, S14, and S17 in another), and 11 most influential components were screened. Five known components with great difference among samples(hydroxysafflor yellow A, ferulic acid, benzoic acid, ecdysone, and ammonium glycyrrhizinate) were determined. The combination of multi-component content determination and fingerprints can reflect the overall cha-racteristics of the primary standards of SZD, which is simple, feasible, reproducible, and stable. This study can serve as a reference for the quality control of the primary standards of SZD.

Liver transplantation (LT) is an effective strategy for the treatment of end-stage liver disease, but immune rejection remains a significant detriment to the survival and prognosis of these LT patients. While immune rejection is closely related to cytokines, the cytokines investigated within previous studies have been limited and have not included a systematic analysis of proinflammatory cytokines. In the present study, we used a protein chip system and proteomics to detect and analyze serum proinflammatory cytokines and differentially expressed proteins in liver tissue in a mouse model of liver transplantation. In addition, bioinformatics analysis was employed to analyze the proinflammatory cytokines and differential changes in proteins in response to this procedure. With these analyses, we found that serum contents of GC-CSF, CXCL-1, MCP-5, and CXCL-2 were significantly increased after liver transplantation, while IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17 were significantly decreased. Results from Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG pathway analyses revealed that the cytokine-cytokine receptor, Th1/Th2 cell differentiation, and JAK-STAT signaling pathway were enriched in a network associated with the activation of immune response. Results from our proteomic analysis of liver tissue samples revealed that 470 proteins are increased and 50 decreased, including Anxa1, Anxa2, Acsl4, Sirpa, S100a8, and S100a9. KEGG pathway analysis indicated that the neutrophil extracellular trap formation, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, and leukocyte transendothelial migration were all associated with liver transplant rejection in these mice. Bioinformatics analysis results demonstrated that CXCL-1/CXCL-2 and S100a8/S100a9 were the genes most closely related to the functions of neutrophils and the mononuclear phagocyte system. These findings provide new insights into some of the critical factors associated with liver transplant rejection and thus offer new targets for the treatment and prevention of this condition.

Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne specific reaction, popularly known as the “click chemistry reaction”, is defined as an important molecular connection method, which can realize simple and efficient connection between specific small molecule groups at the molecular level. Because of its advantages such as high efficiency, high selectivity, mild conditions and few side reactions, click chemistry reaction has been widely used in proteomics analysis, including identification of newly synthesized proteins and the identification of various post-translational modified proteins. Therefore, in-depth study of the reaction mechanism of click chemistry reaction in proteomics is very important for understanding the structure and function of proteins. This review highlights the progress of several important applications of click chemistry in proteomics analysis in recent years, and discusses the future trends of the click chemistry in proteomics.

Image-guided surgery plays a crucial role in realizing complete tumor removal, reducing postoperative recurrence and increasing patient survival. However, imaging of tumor lesion in the typical metabolic organs, e.g., kidney and liver, still has great challenges due to the intrinsic nonspecific accumulation of imaging probes in those organs. Herein, we report an in situ self-assembled near-infrared (NIR) peptide probe with tumor-specific excretion-retarded (TER) effect in tumor lesions, enabling high-performance imaging of human renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and achieving complete tumor removal, ultimately reducing postoperative recurrence. The NIR peptide probe first specifically recognizes αvβ3 integrin overexpressed in renal cancer cells, then is cleaved by MMP-2/9, which is up-regulated in the tumor microenvironment. The probe residue spontaneously self-assembles into nanofibers that exhibit an excretion-retarded effect in the kidney, which contributes to a high signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio in orthotopic RCC mice. Intriguingly, the TER effect also enables precisely identifying eye-invisible tiny lesions (

Long head of the biceps tendinopathy is a common shoulder problem that is difficult to diagnose and treat. Biceps tenodesis is an effective surgical approach target for long head of the biceps tendon lesions. This article describes an all-arthroscopic proximal biceps tenodesis technique. This technique uses a high-strength suture to construct a tear-resistant loop; fixation is achieved with a suture anchor at the proximal aspect of the intertubercular groove or the greater tuberosity. This tenodesis fixation is simple, with no neurovascular injury or humeral fracture risk. In addition, our technique is cost-effective, with no need for specialty sutures.

The use of Epstein-Barr virus-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (EBV-CTLs) in adoptive immunotherapy in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients with post-transplantation lymphoproliferative disorder (PTLD) has demonstrated safety and effectiveness. EBV-CTLs might also be the effective treatment of refractory PTLD of solid organ transplantation (SOT) recipients. Two independent assessors searched Pubmed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science from their inception to November 2020. Eleven studies with 76 patients (42, 55% male) were included. We extracted the data and completed the quality assessments. Most of the studies were from Europe and the USA. Liver and kidney transplantation accounted for most of the transplant types. Thirty-five (46.1%) patients were diagnosed with monomorphic PTLD, and B lymphocyte type was the most common. All the patients received primary treatment for PTLD while it was ineffective. CTLs included autologous EBV-CTLs (15/76, 22%) and HLA-matched third-party EBV-CTLs (61/76, 78%). The response rate for EBV-CTL treatment of refractory PTLD was 66%. Of 50 patients, 36 achieved complete remission and 14 achieved partial remission. EBV-DNA level decreased in 39 patients. Adverse reactions were rare and mild. We conclude that adoptive therapy with EBV-specific CTLs is safe, well-tolerated, and effective in PTLD.

As one of the most common pathological changes in trauma and surgery practice, intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is regarded as a major precipitating factor in the occurrence and development of fatal diseases. BRCA1–BRCA2-containing complex subunit 36 (BRCC36), a deubiquitinase, has been proved important in a variety of pathophysiological processes such as DNA repair, cell cycle regulation, tumorigenesis, and inflammatory response. However, the effect of BRCC36 on intestinal mucosal barrier injury after I/R has not been fully elucidated. Our research found that BRCC36 aggravated intestinal mucosal barrier injury caused by bone morphogenetic protein 2 after I/R by downregulating peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) signaling. These results suggested that BRCC36/PPARγ axis might serve as a potential therapeutic target for preventing intestinal mucosal barrier injury after I/R.

Overtaking lung cancer,breast cancer is now the most commonly diagnosed cancer seriously threatening peopleapos;s health and life. As the main effective component of Tripterygium wilfordii,triptolide( TP) has attracted increasing attention due to its multitarget and multi-pathway anti-tumor activity. Recent studies have revealed that breast cancer-sensitive TP enables the inactivation of breast cancer cells by inducing tumor cell apoptosis and autophagy,interfering in tumor cell metastasis,resisting drug resistance,arresting tumor cell cycle,and influencing tumor microenvironment. It has been recognized as a promising clinical antitumor agent by virtue of its widely accepted therapeutic efficacy. This paper reviewed the anti-breast cancer action and its molecular mechanisms of TP on the basis of the relevant literature in the past ten years,and proposed application strategies in view of the inadequacy of TP to provide a reference for further research on the application of TP in the treatment of breast cancer.

We studied the effects of urease/nitrification inhibitor combinations on urea hydrolysis and nitrification, aiming to screen out the effective inhibitor combinations for black soil and cinnamon soil in Northeast China. Urease inhibitor, N-butyl thiophosphate-triamine (NBPT), and its combination with nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD), 3, 4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP), 2-chloro-6 (trichloromethyl)-pyridine (CP), 2-amino-4-chloro-6-methylpyrimidine (AM) and 3-methylpyrazole (MP) were added to urea separately. Samples were collected 15 times in each of all the treatments during 125 days. We examined the changes of urea nitrogen, ammo-nium, nitrate, and nitrification inhibition rate in the two soils. Our results showed the hydrolysis of urea in black soil and cinnamon soil was about 7 d, and the addition of NBPT with or without diffe-rent nitrification inhibitors slowed down the hydrolysis to 21 d at least. Compared with the treatment with common urea, inhibitor addition significantly increased soil NH本试验研究脲酶/硝化抑制剂不同组合在黑土和褐土中对尿素水解和硝化作用的调控效果,旨在筛选出适合东北黑土、褐土的高效抑制剂组合。采用室内恒温、恒湿培养试验,以不施氮肥(CK)和施用普通尿素肥料(U)为对照,研究分别添加脲酶抑制剂N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT)及其与硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)、3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、2-氯-6(三氯甲基)-吡啶(CP)、2-氨基-4-氯-6-甲基嘧啶(AM)、3-甲基吡唑(MP)组合制成的6种高效稳定性尿素在黑土和褐土中的尿素水解和氨氧化特征。在培养125 d内分别取土壤样品15次,通过测定2种土壤中尿素态氮、铵态氮和硝态氮含量,及氨氧化作用强度,计算硝化抑制率,确定最适合2种土壤的抑制剂或组合。结果表明: 尿素在黑土和褐土中水解时间约7 d,添加NBPT以及其与不同硝化抑制剂组合均能将尿素水解时间延长21 d以上。与U处理相比,添加抑制剂可显著增加土壤NH

In this paper, an exact solution of the propagation of the Lamb wave in orthotropic, multilayered, two-dimensional decagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal plate with the size-dependent effect is presented. According to the elasto-dynamics basic equations of quasicrystal and nonlocal theory, the wave propagating characteristics in the plates are translated into the linear eigenvalue system by employing the pseudo-Stroh formalism. The general solutions along the thickness direction are utilized to obtain the propagator matrix which connects the physical variables on the lower and upper interfaces of each layer. We can obtain the total propagator matrix for the whole laminate, which the interface continuity conditions are employed. Furthermore, if we assume that the upper and surface traction of the laminate is free, the dispersion equation is obtained. Finally, typical numerical examples are presented to illustrate the marked influences of thickness ratios and nonlocal parameters on the dispersion relationship and mode shapes of the two-dimensional decagonal piezoelectric quasicrystal multilayered plates.

This paper uses the state-space method to study the free vibration of cubic piezoelectric quasi-crystal plates. The variations of natural frequencies and mode shapes of different thicknesses and stacking sequences with imperfect interfaces are numerically investigated. The results show that the interface coefficients significantly affect the natural frequencies with particular orders. Modal shapes in different stacking sequences also exist imperfect interfaces effect, which can be used to design composite plates with well-arranged stacking sequences. It is worth noting that the electric-phason coupling effect and the effect of phonon-phason coupling on phonon, phason, and electric fields are discussed to reveal the unique physical phenomenon of quasi-crystals. This work could expand the understanding of piezoelectric quasi-crystals, primarily on wave behaviors, such as forced vibration and guided waves.

Mealybugs, such as Phenacoccus solenopsis, are highly sexually dimorphic. Winged adult males present such remarkable morphological differences from females that, to the untrained eye, conspecific adults of both sexes of P. solenopsis may be considered as two different insect species. A method to investigate sex-dimorphic mechanisms is by evaluating gene expression using RT-qPCR. However, the accuracy and consistency of this technique depend on the reference gene(s) selected. In this study, we analyzed the expression of 10 candidate reference genes in male and female P. solenopsis at different development stages, using common algorithms including the ΔCt method, NormFinder, geNorm, BestKeeper, and a web-based analysis tool, RefFinder. The results showed that EF1-β, RP-L32 and RP-18S were selected as the most stable genes by both the ΔCt method and NormFinder; TUB-α was the most stable gene identified by BestKeeper; and RP-L40 and RP-L32 were the most stable genes ranked by geNorm. RefFinder, a comprehensive analysis software, ranked the ten genes and determined EF1-β and RP-L32 as the most suitable reference genes for the various developmental stages in male and female P. solenopsis. Furthermore, the two most suitable reference genes were validated by examining expression of the juvenile hormone acid O-methytransferase (JHAMT) gene. Results of the validation portion of the study showed that JHAMT expression was sex-biased towards males and exhibited a dynamic and classic expression pattern among the P. solenopsis developmental stages. The results can help further our knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphic development in P. solenopsis.

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with limited coding potential, which have emerged as novel regulators in many biological and pathological processes, including growth, development, and oncogenesis. Accumulating evidence suggests that lncRNAs have a special role in the osteogenic differentiation of various types of cell, including stem cells from different sources such as embryo, bone marrow, adipose tissue and periodontal ligaments, and induced pluripotent stem cells. Involved in complex mechanisms, lncRNAs regulate osteogenic markers and key regulators and pathways in osteogenic differentiation. In this review, we provide insights into the functions and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in osteogenesis and highlight their emerging roles and clinical value in regenerative medicine and osteogenesis-related diseases. Cite this article: J. Zhang, X. Hao, M. Yin, T. Xu, F. Guo. Long non-coding RNA in osteogenesis: A new world to be explored. Bone Joint Res 2019;8:73–80. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.82.BJR-2018-0074.R1.

To develop high efficiency stabilized N fertilizer, a pot experiment was conducted to examine the effects of stabilized ammonium sulfate with different nitrification inhibitors on soil avai-lable nitrogen (N) contents, nitrification inhibition rate, apparent nitrification rate, yield, some agronomic parameters and N fertilizer utilization rate of corn in black soil of Jilin Provinve. In this study, blank (CK) and (NH为筛选高效稳定性氮肥,采用盆栽试验,通过监测施用不同处理的稳定性硫酸铵对黑土铵态氮和硝态氮含量、表观硝化率、硝化抑制率、玉米生长指标、产量和氮素效率等指标的影响,研究添加不同生化抑制剂配方的稳定性硫酸铵态氮肥在吉林黑土玉米栽培中的施用效果。本试验以不施氮肥(CK)和施硫酸铵(N)为对照,在硫酸铵中分别添加硝化抑制剂3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)、2-氯-6-三甲基吡啶(CP),氮保护剂(N-GD)和肥料增效剂(HFJ)及其组合,制成9种稳定性硫酸铵氮肥。结果表明: 与单施硫酸铵氮肥处理相比,在黑土中添加DMPP和DMPP组合显著影响土壤中铵态氮和硝态氮含量及土壤表观硝化率,铵态氮含量提高1.4～2.0倍,硝态氮含量降低13.6%～17.9%,土壤表观硝化率降低55.3%～59.8%;添加DMPP、DMPP+HFJ和DMPP+N-GD组合硝化抑制率最高,达到16.5%以上;添加DMPP+HFJ+N-GD和HFJ的硫酸铵处理玉米叶片叶绿素含量增加最显著,增加4.5～5.3倍;硫酸铵添加硝化抑制剂和肥料增效剂对株高无显著影响;添加HFJ的硫酸铵处理玉米生物量、籽粒产量、经济系数、收获指数、氮肥农学利用率、氮素吸收利用率、肥料贡献率和氮肥偏生产力增加最显著,分别增加1.2、2.5、0.7、0.6、2.7、2.1、1.3和2.5倍。添加HFJ和DMPP、DMPP+HFJ、DMPP+N-GD处理的硫酸铵处理在黑土中施用效果最好,但是DMPP成本较高,因此,兼顾成本和氮肥利用率,建议稳定性硫酸铵态氮肥生化抑制剂首选氮肥增效剂HFJ,其次选择DMPP+HFJ或者DMPP+N-GD。.