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The objective of this review was to summarize the most pertinent CT imaging findings in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A literature search retrieved eligible studies in PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science up to June 1, 2020. A comprehensive review of publications of the Chinese Medical Association about COVID-19 was also performed. A total of 84 articles with more than 5340 participants were included and reviewed. Chest CT comprised 92.61% of abnormal CT findings overall. Compared with real-time polymerase chain reaction result, CT findings has a sensitivity of 96.14% but a low specificity of 40.48% in diagnosing COVID-19. Ground glass opacity (GGO), pure (57.31%) or mixed with consolidation (41.51%) were the most common CT features with a majority of bilateral (80.32%) and peripheral (66.21%) lung involvement. The opacity might associate with other imaging features, including air bronchogram (41.07%), vascular enlargement (54.33%), bronchial wall thickening (19.12%), crazy-paving pattern (27.55%), interlobular septal thickening (42.48%), halo sign (25.48%), reverse halo sign (12.29%), bronchiectasis (32.44%), and pulmonary fibrosis (26.22%). Other accompanying signs including pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy and pericardial effusion were rare, but pleural thickening was common. The younger or early stage patients tended to have more GGOs, while extensive/multilobar involvement with consolidation was prevalent in the older or severe population. Children with COVID-19 showed significantly lower incidences of some ancillary findings than those of adults and showed a better performance on CT during follow up. Follow-up CT showed GGO lesions gradually decreased, and the consolidation lesions first increased and then remained relatively stable at 6-13 days, and then absorbed and fibrosis increased after 14 days. Chest CT imaging is an important component in the diagnosis, staging, disease progression and follow-up of patients with COVID-19.

The study evaluated the relationship between the histological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and the histogram-derived parameters of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) obtained from the whole-lesion assessment of diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the liver. A total of 51 patients were included. The parameters were correlated with the Edmondson-Steiner grades by using the Spearman correlation coefficient (ρ). The differences of ADC parameters between different tumor histological grades were compared using the Mann–Whitney U test. The extent to which each parameter aided in differentiating tumors with poor performance (III, IV) and fair performance (I, II) was assessed by using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (Az). The 25th percentile ADC exhibits the most negative correlation with histological grade (ρ = − 0.397), followed by the 30th percentile ADC (ρ = − 0.395), the minimum ADC value (ρ = − 0.390) and the 20th percentile ADC (ρ = − 0.385), whereas the minimum ADC value yielded the highest Az (0.763) in the discrimination of tumor foci with poor differentiation from fairly differentiated HCCs. The minimum ADC of 4.15 × 10−3 mm2/s or lower was considered to indicate poorly differentiated performance, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 66.7 and 90.9%, respectively. The 25th percentile ADC showed a stronger correlation with the histological grade of HCC than other ADC parameters, and the minimum ADC value might be an optimal metric for determining poor and fair differentiations of HCC in DWI.

Background: Synchronous double primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (sdpHCC-ICC) located separately within a single liver is extremely rare. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical, imaging, pathological characteristics and prognosis of patients with sdpHCC-ICC, in order to enhance our understanding of the disease and improve diagnostic and therapeutic effect.Case presentation: A 49-year-old female patient with obvious liver cirrhosis, who carried hepatitis B virus, was admitted to our hospital for physical examination. The level of α-fetoprotein (AFP) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) was found to be elevated. Abdominal ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography revealed two solid masses located in segments (S) 4 and 6 of the liver, with malignant behaviors. The preoperation diagnosis was multiple primary hepatocellular carcinomas. We performed hepatic resection of both segments. The resected specimens revealed that the tumors in segments 4 and 6 were well-defined lesions of 5.0 cm and 2.5cm, respectively. Histopathological examination confirmed that the tumor of the 4th segment to be moderately and poorly differentiated ICC, and that the tumor of the 6th segment to be poorly differentiated HCC. Immunohistochemically, the ICC in S4 was positive for CK19 and negative for Heppar-1, while the HCC in S6 was positive for Heppar-1 and negative for CK19. Unfortunately，metastasis and recurrence of multiple organs and lymph nodes were observed only 3 months later.Conclusions: The clinical characteristics of sdpHCC-ICC are usually atypical. It is of difficulty to make an accurate preoperative diagnosis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection were both the independent risk factor to the development of sdpHCC-ICC. In patients with chronic liver disease, careful observation with imaging examination should be necessary. Tumor markers may be valuable to the diagnosis of it. The definite diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Hepatic resection may be the preferred and most effective treatment. The prognosis of synchronous occurrence of double hepatic cancers was poorer than for either HCC or ICC, and the origin of it needs further study.

RATIONALE Presence of synchronous double hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) (sdpHCC-ICC) located separately within a single liver is extremely rare. The purpose of this study is to investigate the clinical, imaging, pathological characteristics, and prognosis of patients with sdpHCC-ICC, in order to enhance our understanding of the disease and improve diagnostic and therapeutic effect. PATIENT CONCERNS A 49-year-old, female with the diagnosis of hepatitis B virus with obvious liver cirrhosis, was admitted to our hospital. On admission, the levels of α-fetoprotein and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 were found to be elevated. Abdominal ultrasonography and enhanced computed tomography revealed 2 solid masses located in segments (S) 4 and 6 of the liver, with malignant behaviors. DIAGNOSES In the light of above investigations, preoperative diagnosis of multiple primary hepatocellular carcinomas was made. INTERVENTION Hepatic resection of both segments was done. The resected specimens revealed the presence of well-defined tumors in segments 4 and 6 measuring 5.0 cm and 2.5 cm respectively. OUTCOMES Histopathological examination confirmed the tumor of the 4th segment to be moderately and poorly differentiated ICC, and the tumor of the 6th segment to be poorly differentiated HCC. Immunohistochemically, the ICC in S4 was positive for CK19 and negative for Heppar-1, whereas the HCC in S6 was positive for Heppar-1 and negative for CK19. Unfortunately, metastasis to multiple organs and lymph nodes were observed 3 months later. The patient died of liver failure 16 months after surgery. LESSONS The clinical characteristics of sdpHCC-ICC are usually atypical and nonspecific making its preoperative diagnosis quite difficult. Hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus infection were both the independent risk factor for the development of sdpHCC-ICC. In patients with chronic liver disease, careful observation with imaging is of utmost necessity. Tumor markers may also play a valuable role in the diagnosis. The definite diagnosis depends on pathological examination. Hepatic resection is considered the most effective mode of treatment. The prognosis of synchronous occurrence of double hepatic cancers is worse than either HCC or ICC, and the origin of the disease needs further study.

The aim of the study was to assess the potential role of preoperative gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA) dynamic enhanced MR imaging for diagnosing microvascular invasion (MVI) and pathological grade of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 113 consecutive HCC patients confirmed by histopathology underwent preoperative Gd-EOB-DTPA dynamic enhanced MRI were included. Signal intensity (SI) of peritumoral, normal liver tissue and tumor parenchyma during arterial phase and hepatobiliary phase (HBP) were analyzed. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were performed to assess the potential diagnostic capability for MVI and pathological grade of HCC. Kaplan–Meier method was performed to estimate the recurrence-free survival rate and compared using the log rank test. SI ratio of peritumoral tissue to normal liver in arterial phase (SIAp/Al) was independently associated with MVI [odds ratio (OR) = 3.115, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.867–5.198] and pathological grades (OR = 1.437, 95% CI: 1.042–1.981). The area under the curve (AUC) of SIAp/Al was equivalent to the SI of tumor parenchyma on arterial phase (SIAt) in distinguishing low and high pathological grades. However, the AUC of SIAp/Al (0.851) was larger than peritumoral hypointensity on HBP (0.668) for distinguishing MVI. The recurrence-free survival rate of HCC patients with SIAp/Al

Background and challenges to implementation Implementation of FCTC in China has been slow, especially pack warning. After three upgrades, China's current pack warnings are still limited to only generic health impact text with no graphs. The major opposition comes from China's tobacco industry, which is itself also a government agency in charge of policies regarding labelling. This is the inconvenient truth of China's tobacco control work. The Chinese public need to see the distances and differences between China's cigarette packing and other's countries', China's FCTC commitment on graphic warnings, and more importantly, this inconvenient truth. Considering China's size, this work can only be done with massive public support via an effective volunteer network. Intervention or response ThinkTank Research Centre for Health Development launched an exhibition of pack warnings from different countries. The exhibition went onto a nationwide tour to educate the public about China's weak implementation of this FCTC commitment, as well as tobacco industry's interference. This nationwide network combined both government agencies, the China Centre for Disease Control, and volunteers, who could download a tool kit for local satellite exhibitions. The offline physical and online virtual exhibitions reached more public. Results and lessons learnt The tour exhibition has reached China's 31 mainland provinces, receiving over 500 million direct visitors. More than 300 core volunteers have downloaded the tool kits, produced their own exhibitions, and run regular local tobacco control activities. This public momentum resulted in 12 label-related proposals by legislators and congress members at China's annual congress conferences. Conclusions and key recommendations Tobacco control work goes beyond policy makers, especially when one of the policy makers is in fact the tobacco industry. It is important to mobilize volunteers that include real smokers, real SHS victims, smoke-free champions. Their call for stronger pack warnings, as well as other MPOWER policies, will send strong signal to policy makers.

The study aims to perform a meta-analysis to compare the diagnostic value of FDG PET with PET/CT in detecting peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) to identify the potentially most useful diagnostic modality. A computer-aided search was performed in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, the China Biological Medicine Database, VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure database, and Wanfang databases for articles concerning diagnosis of peritoneal metastases with PET or PET/CT. QUADAS was used to evaluate the included articles’ quality. On a per-patient basis, the pooled sensitivity of PET/CT (84%) was significantly higher than that of PET (60%), and the pooled specificity of PET (98%) was markedly higher than that for PET/CT (94%). On a per-lesion basis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT were 87 and 95%, respectively. Only 1 PET study on a per-lesion basis, its sensitivity is 65.8 and specificity is 94.1%. PET and PET/CT are powerful imaging techniques for detection and characterization of PC. PET/CT can be used as a screening tool and it may be acceptable to use PET as a diagnosis tool.

Based on the background of Dalian subway running through bridge pile foundation, a 3d numerical model is built by the finite element software MIDAS/GTS in order to research the laws of the internal force and the displacement of the pile and soil during the Construction process. The outcome reflects that the sedimentation value of the top of the pile is bigger than others. Because the bigger thrust about the shield machine, the horizontal displacement of the pile is increasing at first and decreasing at last from a positive into a negative. Because of the loss of the soil, the soil beside the pile collapses and causes strong friction force. The surface sedimentation value which is near the central line of the tunnel is bigger than other place. This paper is of good reference roles in the similar underground engineering in Dalian.

Based on the problem of tunnel running through bridge pile foundation, a 3d numerical model is built by the finite element software MIDAS/GTS in order to research the internal force and the displacement of the pile and soil during the Construction process. The sedimentation value of the top of the pile is bigger than others. Because the bigger thrust about the Shield machine, the horizontal displacement of the pile is increasing at first and decreasing at last from a positive into a negative. Because of the loss of the soil, the soil beside the pile collapses and causes strong friction force. The surface sedimentation value which is near the central line of the tunnel is bigger than other place. This paper is of good reference roles in the similar underground engineering in Dalian.

Mining method inevitably causes a certain degree of damage on the shaft and surrounding rock, and severe vibration can effect on the ground buildings. The Sectional blasting design was discussed on the base of stratigraphic features, field condition and the nearest distance from surrounding buildings to Cuchun Shaft of Dalian Subway 202 construction which is taken as blasting safety control distance in this paper. The control blasting technology with short footage, weak blasting was put forward to reducing blasting vibration. The ground vibration monitoring was carried through during shaft blasting. Particle vibration velocity was from 0.28 to 1.85 cm/s and main vibration frequency was from 16.97 to 42.24 Hz at different level blasting of the surrounding rock. The monitoring results show the blasting parameters and damping measures can meet requirements of Engineering and standardization of the industry. It can provide the scientific basis and technical support for subway construction damping optimization design.

With the development of deep coal resources, rockburst, as a kind of typical underground dynamic disaster, always threats the production safety. Before the mining design, it is very necessary to forecast the possibility of the rockburst. This paper takes the Guo-tun coal mine for the object, considering the specific geological conditions, to predict the possible dangerous area where rockburst would happen. Through the comprehensive research and analysis, the paper would divide the 1312 working face into some probalble dangerous zones, namely strong shock hazard zones and medium dangerous impact zones, during gateway driving and stopping.

Combined with the station of Maritime University ~ High-tech Zone tunnel project, this paper analyzes each section of the measured data on the spot to determine the surface subsidence. Research results show that the soil geological conditions of different effects on the subsidence are obvious, but shapes which formed by the settling tank are similar. Meanwhile, combining the construction of advanced small pipe grouting and shotcreting concrete technical measures, the surface subsidence control of the project abides by the surface subsidence rule of the shallow tunnel construction and deformation control.

The existence of underground goaf causes serious harm to the security and stability of the surface installations. Using the ground penetrating radar (GPR) detects the nine road in Jinzhou District of Dalian across the railway line three goaf grouting reinforcement. This article introduces the principles and technical methods of GPR, including data acquisition and data processing of GPR, discussing the effect of using GPR technology to detect the superficial goaf.

The shallow underground tunnel is near to the ground; its many construction procedures are complicated, supporting and excavation are intertwined. The ground surface deformation is complex during construction. Through the analysis of the cross passage surface settlement data of Dalian metro Line 1High-tech zone Street station, we found that the ground surface caused by artificial filling integrally sinks during excavation, the shape of its sinking is like a flat funnel, the characteristics of settling tank are obvious. The influence of faces constructing is obvious on surface settlement, and the transverse influence range is about 30m; the longitudinal influence range is about 15m. The results of the paper show that the place of monitoring points should be held at 15m ahead from the tunnel face, effectivemonitoring period is 70d. The monitoring results are enough and safe for the stability requirement of the surrounding rock.

In this article, the compressive residual stress field (CRSF) introduced by shot peening was studied comprehensively. The 40Cr steel, which is widely applied in industry materials, was used and shot peened under different conditions. The experimental results show that the maximum of compressive residual stress field for a given material is almost the same even under different shot peening techniques and the surface residual stress values are dependent on both the mechanical properties of target materials and peening parameters.

Strata stress distribution and roof moving characters and rock deformation of roadway retaining along gob control, is introduced in this paper. The theory with strata blasting is referred. The theory is used to design roof support in roadway retaining along gob in Mine Chengshan seam No23 faceR7. The loading to control construction technology and technical requirement is pointed out. Field test was held, The test results show that strata blasting is effective and feasible technology roof control in roadway retaining along gob.