Search

To build an environment facility of a large-scale ocean basin, various detailed reviews are required, but it is difficult to find data that introduces the related research or construction processes on the environment facility. The current generator facility for offshore structure safety evaluation tests should be implemented by rotating the water of the basin. However, when the water in the large basin rotates, relatively large flow irregularities may occur and the uniformity may not be adequate. In this paper, design and review were conducted to satisfy the performance goals of the DOEB through computational numerical analysis on the shape of the waterway and the flow straightening devices to form the current in the large tank. Based on this, the head loss, which decreases the flow rate when the large tank water rotates through the water channel, was estimated and used as the pump capacity (impeller) design data. The impeller of the DOEB current generator was designed through computational numerical analysis (CFD) based on the lift surface theory from the axial-type impeller shape for satisfying the head loss of the waterway and maximum current velocity. In order to confirm the performance of the designed impeller system, the flow rate and flow velocity performance were checked through factory test operation. And, after installing DOEB, the current flow rate and velocity performance were reviewed compare with the original design target values.Finally, by measuring the current velocity of the test area in DOEB formed through the current generator, the spatial current distribution characteristics in the test area were analyzed. Through the analysis of the current distribution characteristics of the DOEB test area, it was confirmed that the realization of the maximum current velocity and the average flow velocity distribution, the main performance goals in the waterway design process, were satisfied.

본 논문은 김정은의 공식담론 분석을 통해 북한의 핵무장 및 북핵외교의 전략적 목표와 전술 운영상의 변화를 규명하고자 한다. 유일영도체제 하 북한에서 국가전략에 관한 김정은의 해석과 교시를 전달하는 공식담론은 신성불가침의 절대권위를 지니기 때문이다. 김정은 전략담론은 일관되게 핵무장을 핵심목표로 상정해 왔지만, 국제사회의 비핵화 압박에 대응하기 위한 북핵외교 전술에 대해서는 유화공세를 개시한 2018년을 분기점으로 비교적 명확한 변화와 차별성을 보여준다. 이에 본 논문은 김정은 북핵외교 담론을 2012-2017년 간 〈대립국면기〉 및 2018년 이후 〈협상국면기〉로 대별해 분석을 진행한다. 핵무장 프로그램 완성에 집중한 〈대립국면기〉에 김정은은 대미 핵 억제력 및 국가 자주권 확보를 명목으로 핵무장의 정당성을 강변하는 한편, 확대된 핵능력을 배경으로 한미동맹의 대북정책 변화를 압박하는 북핵담론 생산에 집중한다. 2018년 유화태세로의 전환으로 개시된 〈협상국면기〉에 김정은은 평화 유화공세와 핵위협을 배합한 외교전술 담론으로 유리한 협상지형을 창출하는데 집중한다. 그러나 하노이회담 결렬 이후의 김정은 담론에서는 협상 실패 책임을 한미에 전가하면서 위기고조 전술과 핵 강압정책 재개를 위협하며 미국의 양보를 종용하는 내용이 주종을 이룬다. 협상 파트너였던 트럼프 대통령의 재임 기간 중에는 대화와 협상의 여지를 남겨두며 극단적 언명은 자제하는 모습을 보였던 김정은은 바이든 신정부 출범을 앞두고 지난 1월 개최된 8차 당대회를 통해 자력갱생의 장기전으로 제재의 압력을 버텨내면서 핵무장 고도화에 진력하겠다며 대미압박 수위를 높인다. 또한 “강대강, 선대선” 원칙을 천명하며 협상 배수진을 쳤다. 김정은이 공세적 담론으로 결의를 다지면서 미국 신정부의 북한비핵화 방정식 도출이 더욱 어려운 난제가 되었다.

Objective This study aimed 1) to investigate the clinical characteristics of amniotic fluid embolism (AFE) cases clinically diagnosed by maternal fetal medicine (MFM) specialists in Korea, 2) to check the disagreement with 4 recently proposed criteria by the Society for Maternal-Fetal Medicine (SMFM) for research purpose, and 3) to compare maternal outcomes between cases satisfying all 4 criteria and cases with at least 1 missing criterion. Methods This study included 12 patients clinically diagnosed with AFE from 7 referral hospitals in Korea. We collected information, including maternal age, symptoms of AFE, the amount of transfusion, and maternal mortality. Results The median maternal age was 33 years (range, 28–40 years). Regarding symptoms, cardiovascular arrest, hypotension, respiratory compromise, clinical coagulopathy, and neurologic signs were observed in 41.7%, 83.3%, 83.3%, 100%, and 66.7% of the cases, respectively. Among the 12 cases, 5 women died and 2 suffered severe neurologic disability, showing an intact survival rate of 41.7%. Disagreement with all 4 criteria proposed by the SMFM was found in 66.7% of the cases, due to the lack of criteria for disseminated intravascular coagulation or strict onset time (

Purpose We investigated the validity of quad serum markers for the prediction of adverse pregnancy outcome (APO) in women with antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (APS). Methods We included 75 women with APS delivered at our institution. APO was defined as stillbirth, small for gestational age (SGA), severe preeclampsia, or preterm delivery. First, we compared clinical characteristics between patients with or without composite APO. Second, we compared the rate of APO according to abnormal level of quad serum markers. Lastly, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed. Results APS mothers with APO showed higher median α-fetoprotein (AFP) and inhibin A compared with those without APO. They were also associated with higher rates of positive risk of Down syndrome and neural tube defect. Elevated AFP, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and inhibin A level was associated with higher rates of stillbirth, SGA, preterm delivery, and composite APO. ROC curve for prediction of stillbirth revealed an area under the curve of 0.835 for AFP, 0.781 for hCG, and 0.932 for inhibin A. For composite APO, the area under the ROC curve was 0.692 for AFP and 0.810 for inhibin A. Conclusion Elevated AFP, hCG, and inhibin A in women with APS demonstrated a high predictive value for APO, especially stillbirth.

To investigate the epidemiological changes in extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (ESBL-E) vaginal colonisation in pregnant women deemed at high risk, and to identify independent risk factors. Further, the differences in perinatal outcomes according to maternal ESBL-E vaginal colonisation were analysed.Cross-sectional study.Republic of Korea.A cohort of 1460 women admitted to our high-risk pregnancy unit between 14The trend of changes in the association of ESBL-E vaginal colonisation from January 2010 to December 2020 was analysed. The main outcomes were analysed over the study period and ESBL-E vaginal colonisation.Rate of ESBL-E vaginal colonisation, risk factors for ESBL-E vaginal colonisation and perinatal outcomes.The ESBL-E vaginal colonisation rate has tended to increase over the past 11 years, which was attributed to a significantly higher proportion of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli. Cerclage (RR 3.7, 95% CI 2.19-6.40) and prior antibiotic treatment (RR 4.0, 95% CI 2.44-6.54) were found as independent risk factors for ESBL-E vaginal colonisation. Earlier gestational age at delivery and higher proven early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS) rate were observed in the ESBL-E-positive group.The ESBL-E vaginal colonisation rate in pregnant patients at high risk has increased over the past decade, and the independent risk factors for colonisation are cerclage and prior antibiotic treatment. Additionally, maternal ESBL-E vaginal colonisation is associated with higher rates of proven EONS.

Background To investigate the clinical findings of choroideremia patients and perform genetic analysis by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Methods A total of 94 patients initially diagnosed with retinitis pigmentosa (RP) at another hospital, and who visited our hospital for genetic analysis by WES, were included in the study, along with 64 family members. All subjects underwent comprehensive ophthalmic evaluation, including best-corrected visual acuity, slit lamp examination, fundus photography, fundus autofluorescence (FAF), fluorescein angiography (FAG), visual field (VF), electroretinogram (ERG), and optical coherence tomography (OCT). Results In six male patients with suspected choroideremia, extensive retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and severe loss of choroid were observed in the fundus, but not in the macula. CHM gene mutation was confirmed in five patients. A novel single nucleotide variant at a splice site was observed in one patient. OCT showed marked thinning of the outernuclear layer and choroid, except in the macula. FAF showed a small area of hyperfluorescence in the posterior pole. In addition, characteristic interlaminar bridges were observed in four patients. On FAG, hypofluorescence was seen up to the far-peripheral retina in five patients. Conclusion Of the 94 patients initially diagnosed with RP, CHM mutation was identified in five (5.3%) by WES. Choroideremia should be considered as a differential diagnosis of RP. WES would be useful for identifying the causes of hereditary retinal disease., Graphical Abstract

This study aimed to investigate whether a difference in gestational age according to biparietal diameter (BPD) and abdominal circumference (AC) could be a clinically useful predictor of placental abruption during the intrapartum period. This retrospective cohort study was based on singletons who were delivered after 32 + 0 weeks between July 2015 and July 2020. We only included cases with at least two antepartum sonographies available within 4 weeks of delivery (n = 2790). We divided the study population into two groups according to the presence or absence of placental abruption and compared the clinical variables. The incidence of placental abruption was 2.0% (56/2790) and was associated with an older maternal age, a higher rate of preeclampsia, and being small for the gestational age. A difference of &gt, 2 weeks in gestational age according to BPD and AC occurred at a higher rate in the placental abruption group compared to the no abruption group (&gt, 2 weeks, 21.4% (12/56) vs. 7.5% (205/2734), p &lt, 0.001, &gt, 3 weeks, 12.5% (7/56) vs. 2.0% (56/2734), p &lt, 0.001). Logistic regression analysis revealed that the differences of &gt, 2 weeks and &gt, 3 weeks were both independent risk factors for placental abruption (odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval), 2.289 (1.140–4.600) and 3.918 (1.517–9.771), respectively) after adjusting for maternal age, preeclampsia, and small for gestational age births. We identified that a difference in gestational age of &gt, 2 weeks between BPD and AC could be an independent predictor of placental abruption.

Supplemental material, sj-pdf-1-lup-10.1177_09612033211001126 for Predictive value of quad serum markers for adverse pregnancy outcome in antiphospholipid antibody syndrome by Sir-Yeon Hong, Seo-Yeon Kim, Jin-Ha Kim, Jee-Youn Hong, Ji-Hee Sung, Suk-Joo Choi, Soo-Young Oh and Cheong-Rae Roh in Lupus

Background Neurodegeneration, an early event in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy (DR), precedes clinically detectable microvascular damage. Autophagy dysregulation is considered a potential cause of neuronal cell loss, however underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) integrates diverse environmental signals to coordinate biological processes, including autophagy. Here, we investigated the role of mTOR signaling in neuronal cell death in DR. Methods Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin and tissue samples were harvested at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6 months of diabetes. Early-stage of DR was investigated in 1-month-diabetic mice treated with phlorizin (two daily subcutaneous injections at a dose of 200 mg/kg of body weight during the last 7 full days of the experiment and the morning of the 8th day, 3 h before sacrifice) or rapamycin (daily intraperitoneal injections, at a dose of 3 mg/kg for the same period as for phlorizin treatment). The effect of autophagy modulation on retinal ganglion cells was investigated in 3-months-diabetic mice treated with phlorizin (two daily subcutaneous injections during the last 10 full days of the experiment and the morning of the 11th day, 3 h before sacrifice) or MHY1485 (daily i.p. injections, at a dose of 10 mg/kg for the same period as for phlorizin treatment). Tissue samples obtained from treated/untreated diabetic mice and age-matched controls were used for Western blot and histologic analysis. Results mTOR-related proteins and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) was upregulated at 1 month and downregulated in the following period up to 6 months. Diabetes-induced neurodegeneration was characterized by an increase of apoptotic marker—cleaved caspase 3, a decrease of the total number of cells, and NeuN immunoreactivity in the ganglion cell layer, as well as an increase of autophagic protein. Insulin-independent glycemic control restored the mTOR pathway activity and GLUT1 expression, along with a decrease of autophagic and apoptotic proteins in 3-months-diabetic mice neuroretina. However, blockade of autophagy using MHY1485 resulted in a more protective effect on ganglion cells compared with phlorizin treatment. Conclusion Collectively, our study describes the mechanisms of neurodegeneration through the hyperglycemia/ mTOR/ autophagy/ apoptosis pathway.

To achieve rational design in waves for a submerged floating tunnel which has emerged as a new offshore transportation infrastructure, it's necessary to understand its hydrodynamic behavior. For simple but accurate estimation of hydrodynamic forces, a theoretical method is proposed and the tests with physical models in a wave flume were carried out for verification. Morison's equation was used to estimate wave loads composed of inertia force and drag force. Forces calculated by applying the linear wave theory to Morison's equation coincided well with those measured by the tests. The test results showed that mooring systems played a significant role in the movement of the submerged floating tunnel in waves. A pendulum model could be used to describe the motion of the submerged floating tunnel with a single vertical mooring. Based on the verified relations, a simple slack condition which causes the submerged floating tunnel to be unstable was also proposed. The simplified approach proposed by this study proved to be useful in designing the submerged floating tunnel in the initial stage.

Objective We evaluated the effect on treatment using the new International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Group (IADPSG) criteria for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis. Methods Singleton pregnant women whose plasma glucose levels were ≥140 mg/dL on the 50 g glucose challenge test (GCT) underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance for GDM diagnosis. During the first half of the study period, GDM was diagnosed using 2 abnormal values by Carpenter-Coustan (C-C) criteria. In the second half of the study period, 1 or more abnormal values by IADPSG criteria were used for GDM diagnosis. Pregnant women were classified into 5 groups: normal 50 g GCT, positive 50 g GCT but non-GDM, GDM by IADPSG criteria and non-treated, GDM by IADPSG criteria and treated, GDM by C-C criteria and treated. The odds ratios (ORs) for large for gestational age (LGA) and macrosomia were analyzed. Results Of the 2,678 patients, the frequency of GDM diagnosed by C-C and IADPSG criteria was 2.6% and 7.5%. ORs (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for LGA and macrosomia in the group with GDM by IADPSG criteria and non-treated were 2.81 (95% CI, 1.47–5.38) and 2.84 (95% CI, 1.08–7.47). The risk of LGA and macrosomia did not increase in the group with GDM by IADPSG criteria and treated. Conclusion The risk of LGA and macrosomia for mild GDM diagnosed solely by IADPSG criteria depends on whether they are treated or not. Treatment of GDM based on IADPSG criteria reduces the risk of excessive fetal growth. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0000776

This paper addresses the problem of target detection in adaptive arrays in situations where only a small number of training samples is available. Within the framework of two-stage adaptive detection paradigm, we propose a new two-stage (TS) joint loaded persymmetric- Toeplitz adaptive matched filter (JLPT -AMF) detector. This new detector combines, using a joint detection strategy, individual scalar CFAR decisions from two rapidly adaptive detectors: a TS TAMF detector and a TS LPAMF detector. The former is based on a TMI filter, which is an adaptive array filter employing a Toeplitz covariance matrix estimator introduced in [1]. The latter is based on an adaptive LPMI filter that uses diagonally loaded persymmetric covariance matrix (CM) estimate inversion. The TS JLPT -AMF detector ensures the constant false alarm rate (CFAR) property independently of the antenna array dimension M, the interference CM, and the number of training samples NCME to be used for estimating this CM. This new detector exhibits highly reliable detection performance, which is robust to the angular separation between the sources, even when NCME is about m/2 ~ m, m is the number of interference sources. The robustness of the proposed adaptive detector to the angular separation is analytically proven and verified with statistical simulation.

Purpose: This study was designed to examine how Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) in elders with dementia were related to Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs) for these elders living in a local community. Methods: This was a retrospective study including 16,596 elders with dementia registered in the Seoul Dementia Management Project Database during the period from June 2007 to May 2013 and who completed the Seoul Dementia Assessment Packet (SDAP). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, Spearman rank order correlation and hierarchical multiple regression analyses. Results: Prevalence of BPSD among the elders with dementia living at home was 76.3%. Findings from the hierarchical multiple regression analysis to identify how BPSD predicts ADLs and IADLs revealed that while BPSD in the elders was a factor that significantly predicts both ADLs (β=.22, p

Purpose: This study, on the basis of a structural model that includes nurse image, image determinants, and self-esteem of Cambodian nursing students influenced by the Korean nursing education system, demonstrates distinctions between senior and junior according to experience in clinical practice. Methods: Data were collected via a questionnaire from 194 nursing students in Cambodia and subsequently analyzed using the STATA IC 12 program. Results: First, image determinants and their sub-factors-subjective, institutional, and media-effect both the nurse image and self-esteem of nursing students. Second, the study confirms that nurse image has no significant effect on self-esteem. Also, the individual factor, a sub-factor of nurse image, possesses a weak relationship with nurse image. Third, the structural model mediating between senior and junior reveals differences resulting from experiences derived from clinical practice. Conclusion: The study has significance in that Cambodian nursing students, who are rarely studied in terms of nurse image, have been systemically analyzed via a structural model incorporating image determinants and self-esteem.

The paper introduces a new class of adaptive CFAR methods to cope with the problem of outliers due to the presence of clutter edges and interfering targets. A fundamental distinction between the proposed approach and existing adaptive CFAR approaches is that in order to maintain robust performance the former uses information on positions at which estimated outlier-free cells appear in the full reference window and the statistics of the sample in the cell under test. The performance of one of the possible implementations of new adaptive CFAR methods is studied and compared with that of an existing adaptive CFAR approach. The results show signiflcant advantages of the proposed class of adaptive CFAR methods in both the false alarm regulation property and detection performance.

The purpose of this research was to identify expertise in ait traffic control by using cognitive skill analysis for novices and experts in routine and non-routine situations. The result of study was to understand expertise in air traffic control tasks in terms of what cognitive processes are responsible for the expert’s high performance levels. The problem solving task was difficult for novices, but performed relatively automatically by experts in a routine situation. The difficulty could indicate the presence of controlled processing. Rather than rules and strategies, novices focused more on environmental factors, which merely increase cognitive load. In a non-routine situation, novices showed that they did not categorize the information consistently and alternative resources were not available for them. Experts, however, performed automatically a task by arranging and organizing information related to problem solving components in contexts without regard to a routine and non-routine situation. Especially experts developed a stable representation and directed alternative resources for air traffic flow and efficiency. Based on the results, cognitive processes of experts could be useful to understand expert performance and analyze the learning process, which imply the necessity of developing expertise systematically.

A numerical method to investigate the non-linear motion charact eristics of a TLP is established. A time domain simulation that includes the memory effect using the convolution integral is used to consider the transient effect of TLP motion. The hydrodyn amic coefficients and wave force are calculated using a potential flow model based on the HOBEM(higher order boundary element method). The viscous d rag force acting on the platform and tendons is also considered by using Morison ’s drag. The results of the present numerical method are compar ed with experimental data. The focus is the nonlinear effect due to the viscous drag force on the TLP motion. The ringing, springing, and drift motion are due to the drag force based on Morison's formula. 1. 서 론 TLP(Tension leg platform)는 텐던(Tendon)과 반잠수식 형태의 플랫폼으로 구성되며, 선장력(Pretension)을 갖는 텐던에 의해 수직면 운동의 공진주기를 파주파수영역에서 벗어나도록 하는 개념의 해양구조물이다. 우수한 수직면 운동성능으로 인하여 멕시코만 지역 혹은 Dry tree가 사용되는 지역에 주로 운영되어 왔으며, 최근에는 해상풍력 연구가 연안에서 깊은 수심으로 이동함에 따라 TLP형태의 구조물을 이용하는 사례가 늘어나고 있다. TLP형태의 구조물은 텐던이 갖는 강한 강성 때문에 고주파수 공진 운동응답인 링잉(Ringing) 혹은 스프링잉(Springing) 현상이 발생되며, 이 현상은 텐던의 피로도에 심각한 영향을 미친다. 이로 인해 고주파수 운동응답은 TLP 설계시 반드시 고려되어야 하는 중요한 요소이다.TLP의 거동에 관한 실험은 주로 고주파수 운동에 초점을 두고 이루어졌으며, 주요 연구는 다음과 같다. Stansberg et al.(1995)은 다양한 모양의 원형 실린더에 대한 고주파수 힘을 측정하였으며, 링잉현상에서 3차 조화 성분이 지배적으로 나타난다는 점을 지적하였다. Huse and Stansberg(1995)은 스프링잉 현상은 링잉 현상보다 비교적 낮은 해상상태에서 발생하며 파고의 제곱에 지배적인 점을 지적한 바 있다 .실린더 형태의 구조물에 작용하는 표류력을 계산하기 위해 많은 연구가 이루어졌으며, 주요 연구는 다음과 같다. Pijfer and Brink(1977)은 무한수심에서 파와 조류가 동시에 작용할 때, 반잠수식 시추선에 작용하는 표류력을 계산하였다. 이 계산 모델에서는 모리슨 식으로 단위플랫폼에 작용하는 동유체력을 적분하여 계산하고, 정수중의 조류력을 소거하였다. Hong(1985)은 이 모델508

해중철도는 Fig. 1과 같이 수면 하에서 중력을 초과하는 부력이 계류장치의 인장력으로 평형을 이루고 있는 튜브형 구조물로서, 내부에 열차가 운행할 수 있는 혁신적인 미래 철도 인프라이다. 해중철도의 실현을 위해 다양한 연구가 이 루어지고 있으나[1,2], 해중철도의 실제 건설 및 운영을 위 해서는 해중철도를 둘러싸고 있는 환경의 요인을 정확히 파 악하고 적절한 대비책을 세우는 것이 필수적이다. 해중철도는 부력과 장력의 평형으로 안정된 상태를 유지 하고 있으나, 해수면에서 발생되는 파도의 영향을 지속적으 로 받고 있다. 해수면의 파도는 해저면의 깊이 가 깊을 때 에는 지수적으로 입자의 속도가 감소하는 특성을 가지고 있 으나, 해저면의 깊이가 깊지 않을 때 에는 해수면의 입자의 운동이 상당한 깊이까지 영향을 미친다[3]. 또한 해중철도의 수명을 일반 철도 구조물과 같이 100년으로 잡는다면, 100 년 주기 파도의 파고와 이에 따른 파랑 하중은 상당하므로 파랑 하중에 대비한 해중철도 구조체의 설계는 필수적이라 하겠다. 본 연구 에서는 파도에 의한 하중을 받는 해중철도 의 유체력을 평가하고, 설계에 반영하기 위해 이론적 파력 계산식을 제시하여 파력을 계산한 후, 실험을 통해 비교 분 석 함으로 이론 계산식의 유용성을 확인하고, 해중철도 설 계를 위한 기본 자료로 활용하고자 한다. 이를 위해, 선형 미소진폭 파이론(linear small amplitude wave theory)을 이 용하여 파입자의 속도 및 가속도를 구하고 이를 기초 로 해 중철도 터널 단면에 작용하는 유체력을 계산 하는 방법을 제 Abstract In order to rationally design a new conceptual submerged floating railway, prediction of wave forces applied to the structure is very important. In this paper, equations to calculate such forces based on hydrodynamic theories were proposed and model tests were carried out. Inertia forces and drag forces, calculated using Morison’s equation and the linear small amplitude wave theory, were in good agreement with the results from model tests conducted in a wave making tank. Drag forces were negligible compared with inertia forces. Also, wave forces showed linear variation with the changing wave heights. It was revealed that the linear wave theory and Morison’s equation can give a simple and useful solution for the prediction of wave forces in the initial design stage of a submerged floating railway.

This paper presents the results of an experimental and numerical study on the towing characteristics of a barge. A series of model tests were carried out at the Ocean Engineering Basin of KRISO. A model with a 1:50 scale ratio was constructed out of wood. First, force coefficient tests were performed in order to obtain the surge, sway, and yaw force coefficients of the barge. The focus was the effect of skeg on the force coefficients. The stability parameter was calculated from the force coefficients. Next, towing tests in calm sea were carried out with different towline lengths and towing speeds. The trajectories of the barge and the towline tensions were measured during the tests. The measured trajectories were compared with numerical simulation results using a cross-f low model. The towing stability of the barge in a calm sea is discussed in detail.

The purpose of this study was to compare the bone formation of autogenous tooth ash treated with different temperatures.Heat treatment was rendered by powder after extraction of teeth from dogs. The bony defects were made at iliac and resorbable blast medium surfaced implant placement and bone graft was performed; no bone graft group (control group), low heat-treated tooth ash group (group 1), high heat-treated tooth ash group (group 2). Right side had healing periods of 12 weeks, and the left side had 6 weeks. Histomorphometrical analysis was performed at 12 weeks.The control group had poor bone formation and showed large loose connective tissue. Group 1 displayed good healing and bone formation. Group 2 showed higher rate of bone formation than group 1 and the control group. The high heat-treated tooth ash group showed a statistically significant increase in the rate of bone formation in the early stage.The heat-treated autogenous tooth ash powder showed excellent new bone formation. The temperature of heat treatment is an important factor in new bone formation. The high heat treatment was the optimal treatment method for making tooth ash than the low heat treatment.

This paper compares the dynamic coupled behavior of floating structure and mooring system in time domain using two numerical methods for the mooring lines such as the linear spring method and the nonlinear FEM (Finite Element Method). In the linear spring method, hydrodynamic coefficients and forces on the floating body are calculated using BEM (Boundary Element Method) and the time domain equation is derived using convolution. The coupled solution is obtained by simply adding the pre-determined spring constants of the mooring lines into the floating body equation. In FEM, the minimum energy principle is applied to formulate the nonlinear dynamic equation of the mooring system with a discrete numerical model. The ground contact model and Morison formula for drag forces are also included in the formulation. The coupled solution is obtained by iteratively solving the floating body equation and the FEM equation of the mooring system. Two example structures such as weathervane ship and semi-submersible structure are analyzed using linear spring and nonlinear FEM methods and the difference of those two methods are presented. By analyzing the cases with or without surge-pitch or sway-roll coupling stiffness of mooring lines in the linear spring method, the effect of coupling stiffness of the mooring system is also discussed.