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Concurrent hearing and genetic screening of newborns is expected to play important roles not only in early detection and diagnosis of congenital deafness, which triggers intervention, but also in predicting late-onset and progressive hearing loss and identifying individuals who are at risk of drug-induced HL. Concurrent hearing and genetic screening in the whole newborn population in Beijing was launched in January 2012. This study included 180,469 infants born in Beijing between April 2013 and March 2014, with last follow-up on February 24, 2018. Hearing screening was performed using transiently evoked otoacoustic emission (TEOAE) and automated auditory brainstem response (AABR). For genetic testing, dried blood spots were collected and nine variants in four genes, GJB2, SLC26A4, mtDNA 12S rRNA, and GJB3, were screened using a DNA microarray platform. Of the 180,469 infants, 1,915 (1.061%) were referred bilaterally or unilaterally for hearing screening; 8,136 (4.508%) were positive for genetic screening (heterozygote, homozygote, or compound heterozygote and mtDNA homoplasmy or heteroplasmy), among whom 7,896 (4.375%) passed hearing screening. Forty (0.022%) infants carried two variants in GJB2 or SLC26A4 (homozygote or compound heterozygote) and 10 of those infants passed newborn hearing screening. In total, 409 (0.227%) infants carried the mtDNA 12S rRNA variant (m.1555A>G or m.1494C>T), and 405 of them passed newborn hearing screening. In this cohort study, 25% of infants with pathogenic combinations of GJB2 or SLC26A4 variants and 99% of infants with an m.1555A>G or m.1494C>T variant passed routine newborn hearing screening, indicating that concurrent screening provides a more comprehensive approach for management of congenital deafness and prevention of ototoxicity.

Injection of alkali, surfactant and polymer (ASP) into oil reservoir can substantially increase oil recovery compared with water-flooding strategy. However, the effects of these agents on the microbial diversity and community structure, which is important for water management and corrosion control in oil industry, are hitherto poorly understood. Here, we disclosed the microbial diversity and community structure in the produced water collected from four producing wells of an ASP-flooded oilfield at Daqing, China, using high-throughput sequencing technique. Results showed that the average pH in produced water was as high as 9.65. The microbial diversity varied from well to well, and the Shannon diversity index was between 2.00 to 3.56. The Proteobacteria (85.5%-98.3%), γ-proteobacteria (83.7%-97.8%), and alkaliphilic Nitrincola (51.8%-82.5%) were the most dominant phylogenetic taxa at the phylum, class, and genus levels, respectively. A total of 12 potentially sulfide-producing genera were detected, and the most abundant taxon was Sulfurospirillum (0.4%-7.4%). The microbial community of ASP-flooded petroleum reservoir was distinct, showing an alkaliphilic or alkalitolerant potential; a reduced diversity and more simple structure were observed compared with those of the water-flooded petroleum reservoirs that were previously reported.与水驱技术相比,向油藏中注入碱、表面活性剂和聚合物(简称三元复合驱,ASP)能大幅提高石油采收率,但这些驱油剂对油藏中微生物多样性与群落结构的影响尚亟待阐明,这对油田水质管理与腐蚀控制均具有的重要意义. 本研究采用高通量测序技术解析了大庆油田ASP油藏4口油井采出水中的微生物多样性与群落结构. 结果表明: ASP油藏采出水的pH高达9.65. 采出水中微生物Shannon多样性指数为2.00～3.56,采出井间菌群多样性存在差异. 在门、纲、属分类水平上,变形菌门(85.5%～98.3%)、γ-变形菌纲(83.7%～97.8%)、栖碱菌属(51.8%～82.5%)是绝对优势菌群. 共检测到12个属的潜在硫化氢产生菌,以硫磺单胞菌属丰度最高(0.4%～7.4%). 与已发表的水驱油藏研究结果相比,三元复合驱油藏采出水微生物群落组成独特,呈嗜/耐碱趋势,其多样性偏低,群落结构更单一.