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Abstract Background Nursing students exhibit a higher incidence of mental disorders. Studies have identified psychological stress contributes to elevated depression symptoms through reappraisal cognitive in nursing students. However, there is little research exploring the knowledge regarding the role of ruminative thinking in mediating the associations between psychological stress and depression symptoms. Guiding by the non-hemostatic model and cognitive control theory, the study aims to investigate the chained mediation of cognitive reappraisal and ruminate thinking between psychological stress and depression symptoms among nursing undergraduates. Methods A total of 1,220 nursing undergraduates were carried out by stratified sampling from July to December of 2023 via online survey. The investigation adopted the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), Ruminative Response Scale (RRS), and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) to measure the level of psychological stress, cognitive reappraisal, ruminative thinking and depression symptoms, respectively. Pearson’s r was utilized to investigate the interrelationships, and the structural equation model (SEM) was used to clarify the mediation effects among the four variables. Results The mean total score of CES-D was 21.57 ± 10.79. SEM analysis proved that psychological stress had a direct positive effect on depression symptoms (β = 0.388). accounting for a substantial 51.52% of the total effect. Cognitive reappraisal and ruminate thinking partially mediated the association between psychological stress and depression symptoms (95% CI: 0.094–0.210), and the mediating effect accounted for 48.48% of the total effect. Conclusions Nursing students exhibited a high prevalence of depression, and cognitive reappraisal and ruminate thinking partially mediated the correlations between psychological stress and depression symptoms. Interventions targeting at consolidating cognitive reappraisal and ruminate thinking are imperative for improving depression.

Abstract Integrated electricity‐heat system (IEHS) has been paid more and more attention in recent years for its advantage in improving energy efficiency, reducing carbon emissions and increasing renewable energy penetration. To ensure the safety, reliability and economic operation of IEHS, several centralised state estimation (SE) methods for IEHS have been proposed. However, power systems and heat systems often belong to different management entities, and there are industrial barriers such as information privacy, operational differences, and target differences between them, which leads to less applicability of centralised SE methods. In addition, the robustness of existing distributed SE methods for IEHS is not satisfactory. To this end, a distributed robust state estimation (DRSE) model for IEHS based on the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is proposed. Firstly, by introducing auxiliary state variables and measurements, a robust linear SE model based on weighted least absolute values (WLAV) is proposed. Then, second‐order cone constraints composed of auxiliary state variables are added to the SE model, leading a SOCP‐based robust SE model. Finally, the ADMM algorithm is used to solve the proposed SOCP‐based robust SE model. Simulations demonstrate that the proposed method has higher estimation accuracy in both general and strongly correlated adverse data tests and also can ensure data privacy, good robustness and high estimation accuracy. This indicates that the method proposed has good robustness and solves the problem of weak robustness of existing distributed static state estimation methods.

Abstract Background and aims Several risk models for esophageal stricture after endoscopic submucosal dissection have been developed. However, some of them did not include the use of steroids in the risk analysis. Glucocorticoid sensitivity mediated by glucocorticoid receptor expression has not been discussed in this condition. Methods Clinical and endoscopic characteristics were included in the logistic regression model to establish a nomogram for stenosis prediction. The score for each risk factor was estimated. Risk factors of ineffective oral steroid prophylaxis were analyzed and glucocorticoid receptor expressions were detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Three hundred fourteen patients of endoscopic submucosal dissection for esophageal superficial neoplasms were included to develop the nomogram. The circumferential range(≤ 3/4, 3/4–1 or the whole circumference), longitudinal diameter reached 4 cm (yes or not) and lesion location (the cervical and upper thoracic part, the middle thoracic part or the lower thoracic part) consisted of the nomogram. Patients have a high risk of esophageal stricture if they have a total point greater than 36. In the simplified risk score model, the corresponding cutoff score was 1. 92 patients with oral steroid prophylaxis were separately analyzed and the circumferential mucosal defect involving 7/8 or more was an independent risk factor of ineffective prevention (OR 12.2, 95%CI 5.27–28.11). The expression of glucocorticoid receptor β was higher in the stricture group (p = 0.042 for AOD; p = 0.016 for the scoring system). Conclusions We established a nomogram for esophageal stricture prediction. Depending on the characteristics of lesions, it is possible to estimate the risk of stricture under routine post-ESD treatments (no steroids or oral steroids). Alternative treatments should be considered if the risk is extremely high, especially for patients with mucosal defects involving 7/8 or more of circumference in which oral steroid treatment tends to be ineffective. The higher glucocorticoid receptor β may indicate potential glucocorticoid resistance.

Abstract Evidence regarding the relationship between remnant cholesterol (RC) and hyperuricemia is limited. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association between RC and hyperuricemia in the middle aged and elderly Chinese. Information was extracted from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) survey 2011 and survey 2015. Four logistic regression models were established. Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were applied to balance the baseline. Next, sensitivity analyses and restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis were conducted to further explore the association. Cross-lagged panel model (CLPM) and mediation analysis were used to deduce the causal relationship between RC and hyperuricemia. This study contained 6,447 participants. A positive association between high RC and hyperuricemia was found in the full adjusted model (OR:1.80, P

Abstract Background The value of quantitatively analyzing peripapillary capillary volume (PPCV) distribution was explored in normal and diabetic retinopathy (DR) eyes using dense B-scan optical coherence tomography angiography (DB OCTA). Methods This was a cross-sectional observational study followed by prospective follow-up for those with DR, which enrolled 101 healthy subjects and 140 DR patients. Dense, automatic, real-time (DART) volume scans of DB OCTA were performed using a Spectralis HRA + OCT2. ImageJ and MATLAB were used to process and calculate PPCV distribution detected by DB OCTA. Results In normal subjects, PPCV distribution were significantly correlated with the age and quadrant location (all P 0.05). The PPCV distribution is significantly correlated with post-treatment best-corrected visual acuity in both the pan-retinal photocoagulation treatment and surgery groups (all P

BackgroundA liver abscess caused by hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae can lead to multiple invasive extrahepatic infections, including lung abscesses, endophthalmitis, brain abscesses, and necrotizing fasciitis. This condition, known as Klebsiella pneumoniae liver abscess invasion syndrome, progresses rapidly and is associated with severe illness, high disability rates, and significant mortality. However, bloodstream infections with co-infection involving carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are exceedingly rare.Case presentationThe Emergency Medicine Department of the First People’s Hospital of Kunshan successfully treated a male patient diagnosed with liver, lung, and prostate abscesses. The patient underwent puncture and drainage, with analysis of the drainage fluid, sputum culture, and metagenomic next-generation sequencing (m-NGS) revealing a co-infection with blood-borne Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii. Guided by drug sensitivity test results, the patient received treatment with polymyxin and cefoperazone sodium-sulbactam sodium for infection control and liver protection. The treatment was successful, and the patient fully recovered and was discharged.ConclusionBy reporting this rare case and highlighting the drug resistance of the bacteria, we propose a new diagnosis and treatment plan for managing Klebsiella pneumoniae combined with carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii infection, along with a literature review.

BackgroundsFunctional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is widely used for the evaluation of mental workload (MWL), but it is not yet clear whether it is affected by physical factors during cognitive tasks. Therefore, the combined effects of physical and cognitive loads on hemodynamic features in the prefrontal cortex were evaluated.MethodsThirty-three eligible healthy male subjects were asked to perform three types of cognitive tasks (1-back, 2-back and 3-back). Concurrently, isotonic contraction aerobic exercise of the left upper limb was added. During this compound task, fNIRS signals, workload perception and task performance were recorded. Based on the oxyhemoglobin concentration, Pearson’s correlation coefficient (CORR), coherence value (COH) and the phase-locking value (PLV) were calculated to reflect FC among eight channels.ResultsOn the basis of effects of cognitive tasks, the concurrent physical activities would further increase National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index score (p

Traumatic Renal Artery Thrombosis (TRAT) is an uncommon condition characterized by a low clinical incidence and a lack of specific symptoms, making it highly susceptible to being overlooked or misdiagnosed. This retrospective analysis aims to review the diagnostic and therapeutic approaches applied to a TRAT patient who received successful treatment in the Emergency Medicine Department of the First People’s Hospital of Kunshan. The objective is to enhance clinicians’ comprehension of TRAT, promote early diagnosis and intervention, and ultimately improve patient outcomes.

Negative pressure pulmonary edema (NPPE) is a form of non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema triggered by a swift increase in negative intrapleural pressure due to upper airway obstruction and represents a potential cause of acute respiratory failure. This study documents a case of NPPE post-endotracheal extubation subsequent to general anesthesia. The patient, a young female, underwent a “laparoscopy-assisted unilateral salpingectomy” under general anesthesia for an ectopic pregnancy. Immediately post-extubation, the patient exhibited a sudden decline in oxygen saturation and tachypnea. Pink frothy secretions were suctioned from the oral and nasal cavities. Swift interventions, including oxygen therapy, non-invasive ventilation, diuretics, and corticosteroids, were administered. The patient’s condition was effectively managed, and after 6 days of treatment, she was discharged from the hospital following full recovery.

Previous neuroimaging studies based on electroencephalography (EEG) microstate analysis have identified abnormal neural electric activity in patients with psychiatric diseases. However, the microstate information in individuals with different degrees of fear of heights (FoH) remains unknown so far. The aim of the study was therefore to explore the changes of EEG microstate characteristics in different FoH individuals when exposed to high-altitude stimulated by virtual reality (VR). First, acrophobia questionnaire (AQ) before the experiment and 32-channel EEG signals under the virtual high-altitude exposure were collected from 69 subjects. Second, each subject was divided into one of three levels of FoH including no-FoH, mild or moderate FoH (m-FoH) and severe FoH (s-FoH) groups according to their AQ scores. Third, using microstate analysis, we transformed EEG data into sequences of characteristic topographic maps and computed EEG microstate features including microstate basic parameters, microstate sequences complexity and microstate energy. Finally, the extracted features as inputs were sent to train and test an support vector machine (SVM) for classifying different FoH groups. The results demonstrated that five types of microstates (labeled as A, B, C, D and F) were identified across all subjects, of which microstates A-D resembled the four typical microstate classes and microstate F was a non-canonical microstate. Significantly decreased occurrence, coverage and duration of microstate F and transition probabilities from other microstates to microstate F in m-FoH and s-FoH groups were observed compared to no-FoH group. It was also demonstrated that both m-FoH and s-FoH groups showed a notable reduction in sample entropy and Lempel-Ziv complexity. Moreover, energies of microstate D for m-FoH group and microstate B for s-FoH group in right parietal, parietooccipital and occipital regions exhibited prominent decreases as comparison to people without FoH. But, no significant differences were found between m-FoH and s-FoH groups. Additionally, the results indicated that AQ-anxiety scores were negatively correlated with microstate basic metrics as well as microstate energy. For classification, the performance of SVM reached a relatively high accuracy of 89 % for distinguishing no-FoH from m-FoH. In summary, the findings highlight the alterations of EEG microstates in people with fear of heights induced by virtual high-altitude, reflecting potentially underlying abnormalities in the allocation of neural assemblies. Therefore, the combination of EEG microstate analysis and VR may be a potential valuable approach for the diagnosis of fear of heights.

The need for cross-comparison and validation of all-weather Land Surface Temperature (LST) products has arisen due to the release of multiple such products aimed at providing comprehensive all-weather monitoring capabilities. In this study, we focus on validating two well-established all-weather LST products (i.e. MLST-AS and TRIMS LST) against in-situ measurements obtained from four high-quality LST validation sites: Evora, Gobabeb, KIT-Forest, and Lake Constance. For the land sites, MLST-AS exhibits better accuracy, with RMSEs ranging from 1.6 K to 2.1 K, than TRIMS LST, the RMSEs of which range from 1.9 K to 3.1 K. Because MLST-AS pixels classified as “inland water” are masked out, the validation over Lake Constance is limited to TRIMS LST: it yields a RMSE of 1.6 K. Furthermore, the validation results show that MLST-AS and TRIMS LST exhibit better accuracy under clear-sky conditions than unclear-sky conditions across all sites. Since the accuracy of the all-weather LST products is considerably affected by the input clear-sky LST products, we further compare the all-weather LST with the corresponding input clear-sky LST to conduct an error source analysis. Considering the clear-sky pixels on MLST-AS directly using the estimates from MLST, the error source analysis is limited to examining TRIMS LST and its input (i.e. MODIS LST). The findings indicate that TRIMS LST is highly correlated with MODIS LST. The investigation and validation of the two selected all-weather LST products objectively evaluate their accuracy and stability, which provides important information for applications of these all-weather LST products.

The Curie point of barium titanate (BaTiO3) has been a focal point of research since the discovery of its ferroelectric properties. Exploring methods to elevate the Curie point without relying on Pb as a dopant presents fresh opportunities for lead-free dielectric and/or piezoelectric materials. It is essential to avoid introducing ions like K[Formula: see text] and Na[Formula: see text], which could jeopardize the functional ceramic characteristics. This study delves into the stoichiometry of barium titanate, examining how impurities, point defects and doping techniques influence its Curie point, focus on the potential of doping and processing to enhance this property. BaTiO3 nanopowders were synthesized directly with varying Ba:Ti ratios in an ethanol–water solution at 60∘C, followed by sintering at 1280∘C and characterization through dielectric spectroscopy. A comparison was made with samples doped with Si, vapor-doped with Bi and vapor-doped with Pb. Results revealed that even minimal Si doping could boost the ferroelectric properties and elevate the Curie point, while vapor-doping with trace amounts of PbO or Bi2O3 significantly increased the Curie point, particularly in samples with higher Ti content. The impact of vapor dopants of PbO and Bi2O3 was similar, with a nominal doping level of 1[Formula: see text]mol% shifting the Curie point above 140∘C. Notably, in samples with a Ba:Ti ratio of 0.95 vapor-doped with PbO, the Curie point rose to 146∘C, a notable increase of 16∘C, surpassing the traditional doping efficiency. This study offers fresh insights into enhancing the Curie point of barium titanate-based materials, exploring the intricate connections among chemical stoichiometry, dopants, point defects and dielectric properties. It highlights the significant influence of chemical composition, impurities, defects and doping strategies on the dielectric characteristics of barium titanate.

To achieve effective utilization of large-scale solid waste, this study prepared subgrade materials using mine waste, fly ash, and carbide slag as raw materials. The effects of the basic structure and composition ratio of the three raw materials on the performance of the subgrade materials were investigated. The mechanisms and strength enhancement effects of fly ash, carbide slag, and fly ash–carbide slag composite-stabilized mine solid waste were analyzed. The optimal mixing ratio of the subgrade materials was determined. When the mass ratio of carbide slag to fly ash was 1:4 and the total addition amount was 20%, the subgrade material had an optimal moisture content of 16.8%, maximum dry density of 1.70 g/cm3, and 90-day compressive strength of 8.51 MPa. This fully solid waste inorganic binder-stabilized subgrade material can effectively utilize large quantities of solid waste and meet the performance requirements of subgrade materials, thereby providing a good technical solution for large-scale solid waste disposal.

With the rapid development of LiDAR and artificial intelligence technologies, 3D point cloud semantic segmentation has become a highlight research topic. This technology is able to significantly enhance the capabilities of building information modeling, navigation and environmental perception. However, current deep learning-based methods primarily rely on voxelization or multi-layer convolution for feature extraction. These methods often face challenges in effectively differentiating between homogeneous objects or structurally adherent targets in complex real-world scenes. To this end, we propose a Graph Transformer point cloud semantic segmentation network (ASGFormer) tailored for structurally adherent objects. Firstly, ASGFormer combines Graph and Transformer to promote global correlation understanding in the graph. Secondly, spatial index and position embedding are constructed based on distance relationships and feature differences. Through a learnable mechanism, the structural weights between points are dynamically adjusted, achieving adaptive spatial structure within the graph. Finally, dummy nodes are introduced to facilitate global information storage and transmission between layers, effectively addressing the issue of information loss at the terminal nodes of the graph. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on the various real-world 3D point cloud datasets, analyzing the effectiveness of proposed ASGFormer through qualitative and quantitative evaluations. ASGFormer outperforms existing approaches with of 91.3% for OA, 78.0% for mAcc, and 72.3% for mIoU on S3DIS dataset. Moreover, ASGFormer achieves 72.8%, 45.5%, 81.6%, 70.1% mIoU on ScanNet, City-Facade, Toronto 3D and Semantic KITTI dataset, respectively. Notably, the proposed method demonstrates effective differentiation of homogeneous structurally adherent objects, further contributing to the intelligent perception and modeling of complex scenes.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of refractive error (RE) and risk factors for myopia among older adults in the Han and various minority ethnic groups across seven provinces in China. Methods: This cross-sectional study forms a part of the ophthalmic dataset of the China National Health Survey (CNHS). Face-to-face interviews and ophthalmic examinations were conducted in seven provinces located in western and northern China. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of RE among Han and seven other ethnic groups aged 50–80 years were compared. A mixed-effects model was used to identify the risk factors associated with RE. Results: A total of 12,902 participants, including 8800 Han and 4102 from ethnic minorities, were included in the study. The age- and sex-adjusted prevalence of myopia, high myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism ranged from 15.3 % (Manchu) to 22.9 % (Han), 0.2 % (Yugur) to 2.8 % (Han), 21.6 % (Tibetan) to 48.9 % (Uyghur), and 38.7 % (Yi) to 57.5 % (Manchu) across different ethnicities, respectively. Compared to the Han population, the Mongolian (odds ratios (OR) 0.62, 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.46–0.84, p = 0.002), Tibetan (OR 0.66, 95 % CI 0.52–0.85, p = 0.001), Uyghur (OR 0.63, 95 % CI 0.49–0.80, p 18.5 kg/m2 (all p 24 kg/m2 (p = 0.038 in the >24.0 ≤ 27.0 kg/m2 group or p = 0.041 in the >27.0 kg/m2 group) were less likely to have high myopia. Factors associated with a higher prevalence of hyperopia included older age (all p

Abstract Hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) has been shown to improve organ tolerance to subsequent severe hypoxia or ischemia. However, its impact on intestinal ischemic injury has not been well studied. In this study, we evaluated the effects of HPC on intestinal ischemia in rats. Intestinal rehabilitation, levels of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) by-products, intestinal stem cells (ISCs), levels of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 subunit α (HIF-1α) and its downstream genes such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), and carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1a (CPT1A) were assessed at distinct time intervals following intestinal ischemia with or without the interference of HIF-1α. Our data showed that HPC facilitates the restoration of the intestinal structure and enhances the FAO, by boosting intestinal stem cells. Additionally, HIF-1α, PPARα, and CPT1A mRNA and their protein levels were generally up-regulated in the small intestine of HPC rats as compared to the control group. Our vitro experiment also shows low-oxygen induces highly levels of HIF-1α and its downstream genes, with a concurrent increase in FAO products in IEC-6 cells. Furthermore, the above phenomenon could be reversed by silencing HIF-1α. In conclusion, we hypothesize that HPC can stimulate the activation of intestinal stem cells via HIF-1α/PPARα pathway-mediated FAO, thereby accelerating the healing process post ischemic intestinal injury.

Abstract Background Mental health problems are critical and common in medical staff working in Intensive Care Units (ICU) even at the late stage of COVID-19, particularly for nurses. There is little research to explore the inner relationships between common syndromes, such as depression and burnout. Network analysis (NA) was a novel approach to quantified the correlations between mental variables from the perspective of mathematics. This study was to investigate the interactions between burnout and depression symptoms through NA among ICU nurses. Method A cross-sectional study with a total of 616 Chinese nurses in ICU were carried out by convenience sampling from December 19, 2022 to January19, 2023 via online survey. Burnout symptoms were measured by Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) (Chinese version), and depressive symptoms were assessed by the 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). NA was applied to build interactions between burnout and depression symptoms. We identified central and bridge symptoms by R package qgraph in the network model. R package bootnet was used to examined the stability of network structure. Results The prevalence of burnout and depressive symptoms were 48.2% and 64.1%, respectively. Within depression-burnout network, PHQ4(Fatigue)-MBI2(Used up) and PHQ4(Fatigue)-MBI5(Breakdown) showed stronger associations. MBI2(Used up) had the strongest expected influence central symptoms, followed by MBI4(Stressed) and MBI7 (Less enthusiastic). For bridge symptoms. PHQ4(Fatigue), MBI5(Breakdown) and MBI2(Used up) weighed highest. Both correlation stability coefficients of central and bridge symptoms in the network structure were 0.68, showing a high excellent level of stability. Conclusion The symptom of PHQ4(Fatigue) was the bridge to connect the emotion exhaustion and depression. Targeting this symptom will be effective to detect mental disorders and relieve mental syndromes of ICU nurses at the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic.

The requirements for accurate models of renewable energy power plants are urgent for power system operation analysis. Most existing model research in this area is for wind turbine and photovoltaic (PV) power generation units; a rare renewable power plant model validation mainly adopts the single-machine infinite-bus system. The single equivalent machine method is always used, and the interactions between the power plant and the grid are ignored. The voltage at the interface bus is treated as constant, although this is not consistent with its actual characteristics. The phase shifter method of hybrid dynamic simulation has been applied in the model validation of wind farms. However, this method is heavily dependent on phasor measurement units (PMU) data, resulting in a limited application scope, and it is difficult to realize the model error location step by step. In this paper, the fast-responding generator method is used for renewable power plant model validation. The complete scheme comprising model validation, error localization, parameter sensitivity analysis, and parameter correction is proposed. Model validation is conducted based on measured records from a large-scale PV power plant in northwest China. The comparison of simulated and measured data verifies the feasibility and accuracy of the proposed scheme. Compared to the conventional model validation method, the maximum deviation of the active power simulation values obtained by the method proposed in this paper is only 38.8% of that of the conventional method, and the overall simulation curve fits the actual measured values significantly better.

High-precision extraction of mangrove areas is a crucial prerequisite for estimating mangrove area as well as for regional planning and ecological protection. However, mangroves typically grow in coastal and near-shore areas with complex water colors, where traditional mangrove extraction algorithms face challenges such as unclear region segmentation and insufficient accuracy. To address this issue, in this paper we propose a new algorithm for mangrove identification and extraction based on Orthogonal Matching Filter–Weighted Least Squares (OMF-WLS) target spectral information. This method first selects GF-6 remote sensing images with less cloud cover, then enhances mangrove feature information through preprocessing and band extension, combining whitened orthogonal subspace projection with the whitened matching filter algorithm. Notably, this paper innovatively introduces Weighted Least Squares (WLS) filtering technology. WLS filtering precisely processes high-frequency noise and edge details in images using an adaptive weighting matrix, significantly improving the edge clarity and overall quality of mangrove images. This innovative approach overcomes the bottleneck of traditional methods in effectively extracting edge information against complex water color backgrounds. Finally, Otsu’s method is used for adaptive threshold segmentation of GF-6 remote sensing images to achieve target extraction of mangrove areas. Our experimental results show that OMF-WLS improves extraction accuracy compared to traditional methods, with overall precision increasing from 0.95702 to 0.99366 and the Kappa coefficient rising from 0.88436 to 0.98233. In addition, our proposed method provides significant improvements in other metrics, demonstrating better overall performance. These findings can provide more reliable technical support for the monitoring and protection of mangrove resources.

Soil life revolves around microorganisms that are crucial for soil ecosystems and health. In megacities, the combined exposure of multiple pollutants exerts a significant impact on the structures and functions of soil microorganisms; however, there is a lack of empirical studies on this topic. Hence, we conducted a study including urban parks in Beijing, China. The results indicate that bacteria were abundant in the soils of Beijing parks, showing the same dominant groups but different rare groups. The dominant groups included Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Candidate phyla radiation bacteria, a large evolutionary radiation of bacterial lineages whose members remain mostly uncultivated, were the main specialists. Under the combined exposure of multiple pollutants, the structures of soil microbial communities in different parks were similar. Community change due to pollutants (31%) was greater than that due to natural factors (2.4%). Among multipollutants, organophosphate esters, led by dibutyl phosphate, had the highest influence on microbial abundance and distribution. An increase in dibutyl phosphate concentration decreased the abundance of Firmicutes, while the abundance of Synergistota was increased. The interactions among pollutants affecting the bacteria were different. Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, nickel and benzo[g,h,i]perylene influenced microorganisms by working with organophosphate esters. High-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, such as benzo[a]pyrene and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, mainly acted on the functional genes and thus affected multiple biogeochemical cycles. Benzo[a]anthracene, bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, and arsenic were the primary pollutants affecting metabolic pathways. Our research helps to better understand the impacts of urban environmental pollution on soil microorganisms.

AIM: To investigate the effects of Sonic hedgehog (Shh) gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) on graft-induced retinal gliosis and retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) survival in diabetic mice. METHODS: Bone marrow-derived MSCs were genetically modified with the Shh gene to generate a stably transfected cell line of Shh-modified MSCs (MSC-Shh). Intravitreal injections of MSC-Shh and green fluorescent protein-modified MSCs (MSC-Gfp; control) were administered in diabetic mice. After 4wk, the effects of MSC-Shh on retinal gliosis were evaluated using fundus photography, and markers of gliosis were examined by immunofluorescence and Western blotting. The neurotrophic factors expression and RGCs survival in the host retina were evaluated using Western blotting and immunofluorescence. The mechanisms underlying the effects of MSC-Shh was investigated. RESULTS: A significant reduction of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was observed after intravitreal injection of MSC-Shh compared to MSC-Gfp. Significant downregulation of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was demonstrated in the host retina after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp. The extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2), protein kinase B (AKT) and phosphatidylin-ositol-3-kinase (PI3K) pathways were significantly downregulated after MSC-Shh administration compared to MSC-Gfp. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) levels were significantly increased in the host retina, and RGCs loss was significantly prevented after MSC-Shh administration. CONCLUSION: MSC-Shh administration reduces graft-induced reactive gliosis following intravitreal injection in diabetic mice. The ERK1/2, AKT and PI3K pathways are involved in this process. MSC-Shh also increases the levels of neurotrophic factors in the host retina and promoted RGCs survival in diabetic mice.

Intelligent detection and recognition of ship targets is the basis of naval battlefield situational assessment and threat estimation. Its core task is to determine whether there is a ship target in the image and to detect, identify, and locate the ship target, which also has broad application prospects in fisheries management, maritime rescue, maritime traffic management, and marine environment monitoring. To this end, a multi-scale ship target detection improved algorithm for remote sensing images is proposed based on the YOLOv5 model, called CPE-YOLO. Firstly, a multi-scale attention fusion module based on coordinate position is proposed to solve the problem of missing spatial perception ability for ship detection in optical remote sensing images, to process the multi-scale coordinate information of feature maps, and to effectively establish long-range channel dependency among multi-scale channel attention. Secondly, a more refined feature pyramid network is constructed to effectively mitigate the impact of target scale variation due to remote sensing images on model performance, and to provide richer feature information for feature fusion layer regression localization. Ultimately, the decoupled head is integrated into the YOLO Head to disentangle the classifier and regressor, facilitating accelerated network convergence and concurrent enhancement of network detection accuracy. Finally, thorough tests on the HRSC2016, ASDC and SIGE datasets are presented to support our methodology. The results show that the performance of our proposed methods is better than other existing methods, with an mAP of 94.0%, 76.5%, and 98.7% on the HRSC2016, ASDC, and SIGE datasets. Moreover, comparative assessments against alternative deep learning methodologies affirm the sustained superiority of the enhanced method across overall performance metrics.

Abstract DC microgrid clusters are a collection of interconnected microgrids that allow for flexible power flow, leading to economic benefits and improved resilience from distributed generation. However, managing power flow among interconnected microgrids with different components such as photovoltaic, wind turbine, and battery energy storage systems, as well as various dynamic operation scenarios, presents a significant challenge for proportional‐integral (PI)‐based controllers. To address this challenge, this paper proposes a distributed predictive control design in the hierarchical control paradigm that aims to achieve economically optimal power flow (EOPF) for DC microgrid clusters. The predictive controller considers multiple objectives optimisation, including generation cost models, converter losses, and transmission losses over both local lines and tie‐lines, and design and implementation of the two‐layer tertiary control for the EOPF of DCMGCs are presented. Hardware‐in‐the loop (HIL) experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the controller design.

Abstract. Background:. We have recently developed a new Coronary Artery Tree description and Lesion EvaluaTion (CatLet) angiographic scoring system. Our preliminary studies have demonstrated its superiority over the the Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with Taxus and Cardiac Surgery (SYNTAX) score with respect to outcome predictions for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) patients. The current study hypothesized that the residual CatLet (rCatLet) score predicts clinical outcomes for AMI patients and that a combination with the three clinical variables (CVs)—age, creatinine, and ejection fraction, will enhance its predicting values. Methods:. The rCatLet score was calculated retrospectively in 308 consecutively enrolled patients with AMI. Primary endpoint, major adverse cardiac or cerebrovascular events (MACCE) including all-cause mortality, non-fatal AMI, transient ischemic attack/stroke, and ischemia-driven repeat revascularization, was stratified according to rCatLet score tertiles: rCatLet_low ≤3, rCatLet_mid 4-11, and rCatLet_top ≥12, respectively. Cross-validation confirmed a reasonably good agreement between the observed and predicted risks. Results:. Of 308 patients analyzed, the rates of MACCE, all-cause death, and cardiac death were 20.8%, 18.2%, and 15.3%, respectively. Kaplan-Meier curves for all endpoints showed increasing outcome events with the increasing tertiles of the rCatLet score, with P values

Abstract Despite being a clean and renewable energy source, photovoltaic (PV) power generation faces severe challenges in operation due to its strong intermittency and volatility compared to the traditional fossil fuel power generation. Accurate predictions are therefore crucial for PV’s grid connections and the system security. The existing methods often rely heavily on weather forecasts, the accuracy of which is hard to be guaranteed. This paper proposes a novel GBDT-BiLSTM day-ahead PV forecasting model, which leverages the Teacher Forcing mechanism to combine the strong time-series processing capabilities of BiLSTM with an enhanced GBDT model. Given the uncertainty and volatility inherent in solar energy and weather conditions, the gradient boosting method is employed to update the weak learner, while a decision tree is incorporated to update the strong learner. Additionally, to explore the correlation between photovoltaic power output and historical time-series data, the adaptive gradient descent-based Adam algorithm is utilized to train the bidirectional LSTM model, enhancing the accuracy and stability of mid- to long-term time-series predictions. A prediction experiment, conducting with the real data from a PV power station in Sichuan Province, China, was compared with other methods to verify the model’s effectiveness and robustness.

Objective To explore the research status, hot spots and trends of platelet rich plasma (PRP). Methods With "platelet rich plasma (PRP)" and its Chinese equivalent as the subject words, the PRP related articles during January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2022 from PubMed and CNKI database were retrieved. The bibliometric analysis was performed by Bicomb 2.0 software to extract the annual number of literature publications, authors, journals and high-frequency theme words/sub theme words. The gCLUTO software was used to evaluate and visualize the results, and strategic diagram was drawn according to the results of biclustering. Results A total of 9 066 PRP related articles were retrieved (7 027 from PubMed, 2 039 from CNKI), and the number of publications showed an increasing trend year by year. Papers have been published in 1 527 journals in PubMed, among which the journal with the highest number of publications was Arthroscopy: Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery (175 articles), followed by American Journal of Sports Medicine (171 articles ) and Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology (121 articles) . PRP-related studies were published in 541 journals in CNKI, with the top 3 journals as Chinese Tissue Engineering Research (113 articles), Chinese Aesthetic Medicine (64 articles) and Chinese Journal of Blood Transfasion (45 articles) . In Pubmed, Anitua Eduardo (84 articles), Filardo Giuseppe (53 articles) and Cole Brian J (44 articles) were the top three productive authors on PRP; Cheng Biao from the General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of Chinese PLA was the most productive Chinese author (25 articles) . Shan Guiqiu from the General Hospital of the Southern Theater Command of the Chinese People's Liberation Army published the most articles(29 articles) in CNKI. American journals published the most articles (2 745 articles ), accounting for 39.06% of the total articles, followed by British and Swiss journals, with 1 499 articles and 550 articles, respectively. A total of 42 high-frequency subject words/sub-subject words were selected from PubMed, and were classified into 6 roups, while 30 high-frequency subject words were selected from CNKI and grouped into 5 categories. The strategic coordinates show that the treatment of rotator cuff and tendon injury with PRP in PubMed, the study of PRP and tissue engineering materials in CNKI are the core themes of current PRP research. Conclusion The strategic coordinate map and bibliometrics can reveal the current research status of PRP and predict future research hotspots, but current research cores of PubMed and CNKI are not consistent, and further research is still needed.

Threat analysis relies on knowledge bases that contain a large number of security entities.The scope and impact of security threats and risks are evaluated by modeling threat sources, attack capabilities, attack motivations, and threat paths, taking into consideration the vulnerability of assets in the system and the security measures implemented.However, the lack of entity relations between these knowledge bases hinders the security event tracking and attack path generation.To complement entity relations between CAPEC and ATT＆amp;CK techniques and enrich threat paths, an entity correlation prediction method called WGS was proposed, in which entity descriptions were analyzed based on word embedding and a graph convolution network.A Word2Vec model was trained in the proposed method for security domain to extract domain-specific semantic features and a GCN model to capture the co-occurrence between words and sentences in entity descriptions.The relationship between entities was predicted by a Siamese network that combines these two features.The inclusion of external semantic information helped address the few-shot learning problem caused by limited entity relations in the existing knowledge base.Additionally, dynamic negative sampling and regularization was applied in model training.Experiments conducted on CAPEC and ATT＆amp;CK database provided by MITRE demonstrate that WGS effectively separates related entity pairs from irrelevant ones in the sample space and accurately predicts new entity relations.The proposed method achieves higher prediction accuracy in few-shot learning and requires shorter training time and less computing resources compared to the Bert-based text similarity prediction models.It proves that word embedding and graph convolutional network based entity relation prediction method can extract new entity correlation relationships between attack patterns and techniques.This helps to abstract attack techniques and tactics from low-level vulnerabilities and weaknesses in security threat analysis.

This study investigated the impact of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) at Neiguan acupoint (PC6) on the physiological and behavioral responses of participants exposed in virtual height. 40 participants were included in the study and were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. Participants had an immersive experience with a VR interactive platform that provided somatosensory interaction in height stimulation scenes. Psychological scores, behavioral and cognitive performance, and physiological responses were recorded and analyzed. The results indicated that the intervention group had significantly lower fear scores compared to the control group. Analysis of heart rate variability revealed that the intervention group exhibited improved heart rate variability, indicating enhanced cardiovascular function and emotion regulation. The behavioral and cognitive results demonstrated that the intervention group exhibited higher left eye openness, faster reaction times, and greater movement distance, suggesting enhanced attentional focus, cognitive processing, and reduced avoidance behaviors. These findings suggest that TEAS at PC6 can effectively reduce fear and improve the regulation of physiological and behavioral responses to negative emotional stimuli.

Abstract Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries promise high‐energy‐density potential to exceed the commercialized lithium‐ion batteries but suffer from limited cycling lifespan due to the side reactions between lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and Li metal anodes. Herein, a three‐way electrolyte with ternary solvents is proposed to enable high‐energy‐density and long‐cycling Li–S pouch cells. Concretely, ternary solvents composed of 1,2‐dimethoxyethane, di‐isopropyl sulfide, and 1,3,5‐trioxane are employed to guarantee smooth cathode kinetics, inhibit the parasitic reactions, and construct a robust solid electrolyte interphase, respectively. The cycling lifespan of Li–S coin cells with 50 µm Li anodes and 4.0 mg cm−2 sulfur cathodes is prolonged from 88 to 222 cycles using the three‐way electrolyte. Nano‐heterogeneous solvation structure of LiPSs and organic‐rich solid electrolyte interphase are identified to improve the cycling stability of Li metal anodes. Consequently, a 3.0 Ah‐level Li–S pouch cell with the three‐way electrolyte realizes a high energy density of 405 Wh kg−1 and undergoes 27 cycles. This work affords a three‐way electrolyte recipe for suppressing the side reactions of LiPSs and inspires rational electrolyte design for practical high‐energy‐density and long‐cycling Li–S batteries.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a feed crop due to its rich nutrition and high productivity. The utilization of titanium oxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) brings benefits to agricultural production but also has potential hazards. To investigate the duality and related mechanism of TiO2 NPs on alfalfa, its different doses including 0, 50, 100, 200, 500, and 1000 mg L− 1 (CK, Ti-50, Ti-100, Ti-200, Ti-500, and Ti-1000) were sprayed on leaves. The results showed that greater doses of TiO2 NPs (500 and 1000 mg L−1) negatively affected the physiological parameters, including morphology, biomass, leaf ultrastructure, stomata, photosynthesis, pigments, and antioxidant ability. However, 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs revealed an optimal positive effect; compared with the CK, it dramatically increased plant height, fresh weight, and dry weight by 22%, 21%, and 41%, respectively. Additionally, TiO2 NPs at low doses significantly protected leaf tissue, promoted stomatal opening, and enhanced the antioxidant system; while higher doses had phytotoxicity. Hence, TiO2 NPs are dose-dependent on alfalfa. The transcriptomic analysis identified 4625 and 2121 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the comparison of CK vs. Ti-100 and CK vs. Ti-500, respectively. They were mainly enriched in photosynthesis, chlorophyll metabolism, and energy metabolism. Notably, TiO2 NPs-induced phytotoxicity on photosynthetic parameters happened concurrently with the alterations of the genes involved in the porphyrin and chlorophyll metabolism and carbon fixation in photosynthetic organisms in the KEGG analysis. Similarly, it affected the efficiency of alfalfa energy transformation processes, including pyruvate metabolism and chlorophyll synthesis. Several key related genes in these pathways were validated. Therefore, TiO2 NPs have positive and toxic effects by regulating morphology, leaf ultrastructure, stomata, photosynthesis, redox homeostasis, and genes related to key pathways. It is significant to understand the duality of TiO2 NPs and cultivate varieties resistant to nanomaterial pollution.

Previous neuroimaging studies have revealed abnormal brain networks in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) in emotional processing. While any cognitive task consists of a series of stages, little is yet known about the topology of functional brain networks in MDD for these stages during emotional face recognition. To address this problem, electroencephalography (EEG)-based functional brain networks of MDD patients at different stages of facial information processing were investigated in this study. First, EEG signals were collected from 16 patients with MDD and 18 age-, gender-, and education-matched normal subjects when performing an emotional face recognition task. Second, the global field power (GFP) method was employed to divide group-averaged event-related potentials into different stages. Third, using the phase transfer entropy (PTE) approach, the brain networks of MDD patients and normal individuals were constructed for each stage in negative and positive face processing, respectively. Finally, we compared the topological properties of brain networks of each stage between the two groups using graph theory approaches. The results showed that the analyzed three stages of emotional face processing corresponded to specific neurophysiological phases, namely, visual perception, face recognition, and emotional decision-making. It was also demonstrated that depressed patients showed abnormally decreased characteristic path length at the visual perception stage of negative face recognition and normalized characteristic path length in the stage of emotional decision-making during positive face processing compared to healthy subjects. Furthermore, while both the MDD and normal groups’ brain networks were found to exhibit small-world network characteristics, the brain network of patients with depression tended to be randomized. Moreover, for patients with MDD, the centro-parietal region may lose its status as a hub in the process of facial expression identification. Together, our findings suggested that altered emotional function in MDD patients might be associated with disruptions in the topological organization of functional brain networks during emotional face recognition, which further deepened our understanding of the emotion processing dysfunction underlying MDD.

Independent predictors of mortality and transfusion therapy in polytrauma patients from the Chinese population remain unknown. Here, we aimed to identify these predictors by retrospectively collecting and analyzing vital signs and laboratory results for 408 critically ill patients suffering from polytrauma who were treated in Affiliated Kunshan Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu Province, China from January 2020 to December 2021. We identified risk factors for mortality and transfusion therapy using logistic regression analysis. As a results, we enrolled a total of 408 polytrauma patients, with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1, a mean age of 49.02 ± 16.84 years, a mortality rate of 15.9 %, and a blood transfusion rate of 45.8 %. The multivariate logistic regression showed that decreased Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (Odds ratio (OR) = 0.72, 95 % confidence interval (95%CI): 0.63–0.83, P

Backgrounds: The validity of heart rate variability (HRV) has been substantiated in mental workload assessments. However, cognitive tasks often coincide with physical exertion in practical mental work, but their synergic effects on HRV remains insufficiently established. The study aims were to investigate the combined effects of cognitive and physical load on autonomic nerve functions.Methods: Thirty-five healthy male subjects (aged 23.5 ± 3.3 years) were eligible and enrolled in the study. The subjects engaged in n-back cognitive tasks (1-back, 2-back, and 3-back) under three distinct physical conditions, involving isotonic contraction of the left upper limb with loads of 0 kg, 3 kg, and 5 kg. Electrocardiogram signals and cognitive task performance were recorded throughout the tasks, and post-task assessment of subjective experiences were conducted using the NASA-TLX scale.Results: The execution of n-back tasks resulted in enhanced perceptions of task-load feelings and increased reaction times among subjects, accompanied by a decline in the accuracy rate (p < 0.05). These effects were synchronously intensified by the imposition of physical load. Comparative analysis with a no-physical-load scenario revealed significant alterations in the HRV of the subjects during the cognitive task under moderate and high physical conditions. The main features were a decreased power of the high frequency component (p < 0.05) and an increased low frequency component (p < 0.05), signifying an elevation in sympathetic activity. This physiological response manifested similarly at both moderate and high physical levels. In addition, a discernible linear correlation was observed between HRV and task-load feelings, as well as task performance under the influence of physical load (p < 0.05).Conclusion: HRV can serve as a viable indicator for assessing mental workload in the context of physical activities, making it suitable for real-world mental work scenarios.

Objective: This study aimed to explore the impact of late night shift work on the functional outcomes of patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) treated with endovascular thrombectomy (EVT). Methods: Consecutive AIS patients who underwent EVT between June 2019 and June 2021 were enrolled and divided into non-night shift work and night shift work groups based on their occupational histories. The primary outcome was the modified Rankin Scale score defined 3-month functional outcome. The secondary outcomes were 3-month mortality, symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH), ICH and early recanalization. Results: A total of 285 patients were enrolled, 35 patients (12.3%) were night shift workers, who were younger (P

This study used Tweedie-GAM to evaluate the distribution characteristics of Japanese scad (Decapterus maruadsi) in spring, summer, and autumn (from 2015 to 2020) and its relationship with marine environmental factors. The fishery resources data from the southern Zhejiang coastal waters were combined with the hydrological environment survey data collected simultaneously. The results showed significant differences in the Japanese scad spatial distribution in different seasons. Japanese scad is mainly concentrated in the nearshore waters in spring and concentrated primarily on the south and north regions of the Zhejiang southern waters in summer, showing a "high on both sides, low in the middle" pattern. The distribution pattern in autumn is opposite to that in spring, wherein the Japanese scad mainly concentrated in open waters. There are some differences in the key influencing factors of Japanese scad in different seasons. In spring, with a range of 19.5~25.0 ℃, the resource density firstly showed an increasing trend and then decreased with the rise in water temperature, peaking at 22.7 ℃. During summer, the water temperature reached 28.0~30.3 ℃, and the resource density showed the maximum value when the salinity was 32.3. In autumn, the resource density showed a decreasing trend and later increased with the increment in the water salinity, with a minimum value of 29.8. The relationship between resource density and water depth remained stable, showing a multi-wavy nonlinear relationship, with an overall increasing trend and later stable pattern. This study revealed the relationship between the Japanese scad's temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and environmental factors. It provides a research reference for the conservation, management, and sustainable utilization of Japanese scad in the coastal waters of southern Zhejiang.

In a renewable-energy-penetrated power system (RPPS), inverter-based resources (IBRs) pose serious challenges to power system stability due to their completely different dynamic characteristics compared with conventional generators; thus, it is necessary to study the dynamic interactions between IBRs and power systems. Although many research efforts have been dedicated to this topic from both power electronics and power system researchers, some research from the power electronics field treats the external power system as a voltage source with an impedance, therefore ignoring the dynamic characteristics of a power system, while most of the research from the power system field applies simulation-based methods, for which it is difficult to directly interpret the interaction mechanism of IBRs and external system dynamics. Thus, none of these studies can explore the accurate dynamic interaction mechanism between IBRs and power systems, leading to performance degradation of IBR-integrated power systems. Our study takes into account the dynamic characteristics of both IBRs and the external power system, resulting in the development of a new open-loop transfer function for RPPSs. Based on this formulation, it is observed that under certain operating conditions, the dynamic interactions between the inverter and the power system help enhance IBR-penetrated power system stability compared with the case for which the external power system is controlled as a voltage source. The study also reveals how the inverter (phase-locked loop, control parameters, etc.), external power system (network strength) and penetration ratio in an IBR-penetrated power system affect the dynamic interactions between IBRs and the external power system using the proposed quantified interaction indices.

While a gambler may occasionally win, continuous gambling inevitably results in a net loss to the casino. This study experimentally demonstrates the profitability of a particularly deceptive casino game: a two-armed antique Mills Futurity slot machine. The main findings clearly show that both non-random and random two-arm strategies, predetermined by the player and repeated without interruption, are always profitable for the casino, despite two coins being refunded for every two consecutive losses by the gambler. We theoretically explore the cyclical nature of slot machine strategies and speculate on the impact of the frequency of switching strategies on casino returns. Our results not only assist casino owners in developing and improving casino designs, but also guide gamblers to participate more cautiously in gambling.

Summary: Exercise training can stimulate the formation of fatty-acid-oxidizing slow-twitch skeletal muscle fibers, which are inversely correlated with obesity, but the molecular mechanism underlying this transformation requires further elucidation. Here, we report that the downregulation of the mitochondrial disulfide relay carrier CHCHD4 by exercise training decreases the import of TP53-regulated inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (TRIAP1) into mitochondria, which can reduce cardiolipin levels and promote VDAC oligomerization in skeletal muscle. VDAC oligomerization, known to facilitate mtDNA release, can activate cGAS-STING/NFKB innate immune signaling and downregulate MyoD in skeletal muscle, thereby promoting the formation of oxidative slow-twitch fibers. In mice, CHCHD4 haploinsufficiency is sufficient to activate this pathway, leading to increased oxidative muscle fibers and decreased fat accumulation with aging. The identification of a specific mediator regulating muscle fiber transformation provides an opportunity to understand further the molecular underpinnings of complex metabolic conditions such as obesity and could have therapeutic implications.

Abstract Lithium manganese oxides are considered as promising cathodes for lithium‐ion batteries due to their low cost and available resources. Layered LiMnO2 with orthorhombic or monoclinic structure has attracted tremendous interest thanks to its ultrahigh theoretical capacity (285 mAh g−1) that almost doubles that of commercialized spinel LiMn2O4 (148 mAh g−1). However, LiMnO2 undergoes phase transition to spinel upon cycling cause by the Jahn‐Teller effect of the high‐spin Mn3+. In addition, soluble Mn2+ generates from the disproportionation of Mn3+ and oxygen release during electrochemical processes may cause poor cycle performance. To address the critical issues, tremendous efforts have been made. This paper provides a general review of layered LiMnO2 materials including their crystal structures, synthesis methods, structural/elemental modifications, and electrochemical performance. In brief, first the crystal structures of LiMnO2 and synthetic methods have been summarized. Subsequently, modification strategies for improving electrochemical performance are comprehensively reviewed, including element doping to suppress its phase transition, surface coating to resist manganese dissolution into the electrolyte and impede surface reactions, designing LiMnO2 composites to improve electronic conductivity and Li+ diffusion, and finding compatible electrolytes to enhance safety. At last, future efforts on the research frontier and practical application of LiMnO2 have been discussed.

Objectives The aim of this study is to determine whether new European Kidney Function Consortium (EKFC) equation is more applicable than Asian-modified CKD-EPI equation in clinical practice, having a higher accuracy in estimating GFR in our external CKD population.Methods We calculated estimated GFREKFC and GFRCKD-EPI independently using the EKFC and Asian-modified CKD-EPI formulas, respectively. The clinical diagnostic performance of the two equations was assessed and compared by median bias, precision, accuracy (P30) and so on, using 99mTc-DTPA dual plasma sample clearance method as a reference method for GFR measurement (mGFR). The equation that met the following targets was superior: (1) median bias within ± 3 mL/min/1.73 m2; (2) P30 > 75%; and (3) better precision and 95% limits of agreement in Bland–Altman analysis.Results Totally, 160 CKD patients were recruited in our external cohort. GFREKFC was highly related to mGFR, with a regression equation of GFREKFC=mGFR × 0.87 + 5.27. Compared with the Asian-modified CKD-EPI equation, EKFC equation demonstrated a wider median bias (–1.64 vs. 0.84 mL/min/1.73 m2, p

Abstract Background Non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a risk factor for suicide. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking status and influencing factors among left-behind children (LBC) in China. Methods We implemented a population-based cross-sectional study in participants aged 10–18 years. Sociodemographic characteristics, NSSI, help-seeking status and coping style were measured by self-reported questionnaires. A total of 16,866 valid questionnaires were collected, including 6096 LBC. Binary logistic regression models were used to analyze the factors influencing NSSI and professional psychological help-seeking. Results The incidence of NSSI among LBC was 4.6%, significantly higher than that of non-left-behind children (NLBC). This incidence was higher among girls. Moreover, 53.9% of LBC with NSSI did not receive any treatment and only 22.0% sought professional psychological help. LBC often adopt emotion-oriented coping styles, specifically, those with NSSI. LBC with NSSI who seek professional help tend to adopt problem-oriented coping styles. Logistic regression analysis revealed that girls, learning stage, single-parent, remarried families, patience, and emotional venting were risk factors for NSSI in LBC, while problem-solving and social support seeking were protective factors. Moreover, problem-solving was also a predictor for seeking professional psychological help, patience will prevent it. Limitations This was an online survey. Conclusions The prevalence of NSSI in LBC is high. Gender, grade, family structure, and coping style affect the occurrence of NSSI among LBC. Only a few LBC with NSSI seek professional psychological help, while the coping style will affect the help-seeking behavior.

Lagerstroemia L. (Lythraceae) is a widely distributed genus of trees and shrubs native to tropical and subtropical environments from Southeast Asia to Australia, with numerous species highly valued as ornamentals. Although the plastomes of many species in this genus have been sequenced, the rates of functional gene evolution and their effect on phylogenetic analyses have not been thoroughly examined. We compared three plastome sequence matrices to elucidate how differences in these datasets affected phylogenetic analyses. Robust phylogenetic relationships for Lagerstroemia species were reconstructed based on different plastome sequence partitions and multiple phylogenetic methods. Identification of single-nucleotide variants within different genes also provides basic data on the patterns of functional gene evolution in Lagerstroemia and may provide insights into how those mutations affect protein structure and potentially drive divergence via cytonuclear incompatibility. These results as well as analyses of non-synonymous and synonymous mutations, indicate that heterotachic modes of evolution are present in functional plastome genes and should be accounted for in the analyses of molecular evolution. In addition, divergence events within the Lagerstroemia were dated for the first time. Several of the divergence estimates corresponded to well-known Earth history events, such as the reduction in global temperatures at the Eocene/Oligocene boundary. Our analyses conducted in Lagerstroemia here dissects the various patterns in the divergence of Lagerstroemia and may provide a useful guide to help plant breeders, as well as the necessity of using plastomic data and as possible as to combine evidence from morphological characteristics to investigate the complicated interspecies relationship and the evolutionary dynamics of species.

Abstract Background Depression is a psychiatric disorder with global public health concerns. Although a number of risk factors have been identified for depression, there is no clear relationship between biochemistry and depression. In this study, we assessed whether depressive disorders are significantly associated with biochemical indicators. Methods Our study included 17,561 adults (age ≥ 18 years) participating in the 2009-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The relationship between depression and biochemical and obesity indicators was analyzed by logistic regression. Results As compared to the control group, men with depression showed significantly higher levels of gamma-glutamyl transferase, glucose, and triglycerides, and lower levels of albumin and total bilirubin. The depressed group had higher levels of alkaline phosphatase, bicarbonate, and sodium than the control group. Conclusion Several biochemical and anthropometric indices were associated with depression in this study. It would be interesting to further analyze their cause-effect relationship. Limitations This study is a cross-sectional study. The population is less restricted and does not exclude people with diabetes, pregnancy, etc., so it is less significant for a specific population. Dietary information was not included, as diet plays an important role in many indicators.

The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinicopathological features of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) and the lymph node metastasis of PTMC. We retrospectively reviewed a total of 1433 patients with PTMC. The analysis data including demographics, tumor size, multifocality, bilateral, invasion capsule and Hashimoto’s thyroiditis were collected from XinJiang, China. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify the clinicopathologic predictors of central lymph node metastasis: male gender [odds ratio (OR) = 2.358, p < 0.001], age ≤ 45 years (OR = 2.302, p 6.5 mm (OR = 2.388, p < 0.001), adjacent or invasion capsule (OR = 1.750, p = 0.002), Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (OR = 0.501, p < 0.001). The optimal critical value of the number of dissected lymph nodes was found to be 8.5 using ROC analysis, with a sensitivity and specificity of 41.8% and 75.5%, respectively. This study suggests that evaluation of nodal metastasis is required to guide the surgical treatment of PTMC patients.

Near-surface air temperature lapse rate (NSATLR) is one of the key criteria for judging atmospheric stability. It is an important model parameter in glacier, hydrology, ecology, climate, and meteorology in high mountains such as the Tibetan Plateau (TP). However, due to the complex interaction between the atmosphere and land surface, retrieving NSATLR from remotely sensed data is challenging. In this article, we develop a novel model based on the MODIS data to estimate the daily 5-km NSATLR over the TP. The input parameters of the model include digital elevation model and the near-surface air temperature estimated from the MODIS data. By combining moving window and specified criteria, the pixel-based NASTLR with a 5-km spatial resolution over the TP is estimated. In addition, we also estimate the NSATLR based on the meteorological data over the TP (NSATLRin situ) to evaluate the accuracy of NSATLR estimation model. Results demonstrate that the NSATLR estimate agrees well with NSATLRin situ in the eastern TP, with an overall root-mean-square error of 1.51 °C/km and a mean bias error of −0.78 °C/km. Larger deviation exists in the southern TP. Thanks to the evident advantages of simplicity, the availability of input parameters and the independence from the meteorological data, the developed model can be applied to larger areas.

Yunnan, the region hardest hit by HIV/AIDS in China, is also an area with the most abundant HIV-1 genetic diversity. A large number of novel HIV-1 circulating recombinant forms (CRFs) and unique recombinants were identified among injection drug users in Yunnan; however, few were found among sexual contacts. Here, we obtained 15 near full-length genome sequences (NFLGs) from HIV-1 seropositive heterosexual contacts in Yunnan who received antiretroviral therapy during the period from 2014 to 2016. Phylogenetic analysis showed that six NFLGs belonged to CRF01_AE (n = 3) and CRF106_cpx (n = 3), and the other nine sequences were novel inter-subtype recombinants. Of the recombinants, two novel CRFs (CRF111_01 C (n = 4) and CRF116_0108 (n = 4)) and one CRF106_cpx variant (n = 1) were identified. CRF111_01 C had a CRF01_AE backbone with seven subtype C fragments inserted into the gag, pol, vif, env, nef and 3ʹLTR regions. CRF116_0108 had a CRF08_BC backbone with a CRF01_AE fragment inserted into the pol, tat, rev, vif, vpr, vpu and env regions. Phylogeographic analyses estimated that CRF111_01 C and CRF116_0108 originated approximately 1995.7–1998.6 and 1991.7–1993.7, respectively. These identifications of two novel HIV-1 CRFs highlighted the importance of continuous surveillance in heterosexual contacts and other high-risk groups in this region and the surrounding regions.

Abstract Horticulture productivity has been increasingly restricted by heat stress from growing global warming, making it far below the optimum production capacity. As a popular ornamental cultivar of tree peony, Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Yu Hong’ has also been suffering from heat stress not suitable for its optimal growth. To better understand the response mechanisms against heat stress of tree peony, investigations of phenotypic changes, physiological responses, and quantitative proteomics were conducted. Phenotypic and physiological changes indicated that 24 h of exposure to heat stress (40 °C) was the critical duration of heat stress in tree peony. The proteomic analyses revealed a total of 100 heat-responsive proteins (HRPs). According to bioinformatic analysis of HRPs, the heat tolerance of tree peony might be related to signal transduction, synthesis/degradation, heat kinetic proteins, antioxidants, photosynthesis, energy conversion, and metabolism. Our research will provide some new insights into the molecular mechanism under the response against the heat stress of tree peony, which will benefit the future breeding of heat-resistant ornamental plants.