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In this paper, we investigate the extinction behavior of nonnegative solutions to the Sobolev critical fast diffusion equation in bounded smooth domains with the Dirichlet zero boundary condition. Under the two-bubble energy threshold assumption on the initial data, we prove the dichotomy that every solution converges uniformly, in terms of relative error, to either a steady state or a blowing-up bubble., Comment: 40 pages, comments are welcome

In this paper, we study the sharp constants in fractional Sobolev inequalities associated with the regional fractional Laplacian in domains.

In this paper, we study existence of solutions to a conformally invariant integral equation involving Poisson-type kernels. Such integral equation has a stronger non-local feature and is not the dual of any PDE. We obtain the existence of solutions in the antipodal symmetry class.

In this paper, we systematically study weak solutions of a linear singular or degenerate parabolic equation in a mixed divergence form and nondivergence form, which arises from the linearized fast diffusion equation and the linearized porous medium equation with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition. We prove the H\"older regularity of their weak solutions., Comment: 53 pages. Final version, Anal. Theory Appl. to appear

In this paper, we study a nonlinear boundary diffusion equation of porous medium type arising from a boundary control problem. We give a complete and sharp characterization of the asymptotic behavior of its solutions, and prove the stability of its separable solutions., Comment: 47 pages. Incorporated the referee's suggestions and published by JMPA

We prove the optimal global regularity of nonnegative solutions to the porous medium equation in smooth bounded domains with the zero Dirichlet boundary condition after certain waiting time $T^*$. More precisely, we show that solutions are $C^{2,\alpha}(\overline\Omega)$ in space, with $\alpha=\frac1m$, and $C^\infty$ in time (uniformly in $x\in \overline\Omega$), for $t>T^*$. Furthermore, this allows us to refine the asymptotics of solutions for large times, improving the best known results so far in two ways: we establish a faster rate of convergence $O(t^{-1-\gamma})$, and we prove that the convergence holds in the $C^{1,\alpha}(\overline\Omega)$ topology., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2201.10091

We prove global H\"older gradient estimates for bounded positive weak solutions of fast diffusion equations in smooth bounded domains with the homogeneous Dirichlet boundary condition, which then lead us to establish their optimal global regularity. This solves a problem raised by Berryman and Holland in 1980., Comment: 28 pages

We show a convergence result of the fractional Laplacian for sequences of nonnegative functions without uniform boundedness near infinity. As an application, we construct a sequence of solutions to the fractional Nirenberg problem that blows up in the region where the prescribed functions are negative. This is a different phenomenon from the classical Nirenberg problem., Comment: 10 pages

We study a Rayleigh-Faber-Krahn inequality for regional fractional Laplacian operators. In particular, we show that there exists a compactly supported nonnegative Sobolev function $u_0$ that attains the infimum (which will be a positive real number) of the set \[ \left\{ \int\int_{\{u > 0\}\times\{u>0\}} \frac{|u(x) - u(y)|^2}{|x - y|^{n + 2 \sigma}}d x d y : u \in \mathring H^\sigma(\mathbb{R}^n), \int_{\mathbb{R}^n} u^2 = 1, |\{u > 0 \}| \leq 1\right\}. \] Unlike the corresponding problem for the usual fractional Laplacian, where the domain of the integration is $\mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}^n$, symmetrization techniques may not apply here. Our approach is instead based on the direct method and new a priori diameter estimates. We also present several remaining open questions concerning the regularity and shape of the minimizers, and the form of the Euler-Lagrange equations.

We derive local estimates of positive solutions to the conformal $Q$-curvature equation $$ (-\Delta)^m u = K(x) u^{\frac{n+2m}{n-2m}} ~~~~~~ in ~ \Omega \backslash \Lambda $$ near their singular set $\Lambda$, where $\Omega \subset \mathbb{R}^n$ is an open set, $K(x)$ is a positive continuous function on $\Omega$, $\Lambda$ is a closed subset of $\mathbb{R}^n$, $2 \leq m < n/2$ and $m$ is an integer. Under certain flatness conditions at critical points of $K$ on $\Lambda$, we prove that $u(x) \leq C [{dist}(x, \Lambda)]^{-(n-2m)/2}$ when the upper Minkowski dimension of $\Lambda$ is less than $(n-2m)/2$., Comment: 57 pages

We study extinction profiles of solutions to fast diffusion equations with some initial data in the Marcinkiewicz space. The extinction profiles will be the singular solutions of their stationary equations., Comment: 25 pages. Final version, JFA to appear

We study a Sobolev critical fast diffusion equation in bounded domains with the Brezis-Nirenberg effect. We obtain extinction profiles of its positive solutions, and show that the convergence rates of the relative error in regular norms are at least polynomial. Exponential decay rates are proved for generic domains. Our proof makes use of its regularity estimates, a curvature type evolution equation, as well as blow up analysis. Results for Sobolev subcritical fast diffusion equations are also obtained., Comment: 48 pages

We prove optimal boundary regularity for bounded positive weak solutions of fast diffusion equations in smooth bounded domains. This solves a problem raised by Berryman and Holland in 1980 for these equations in the subcritical and critical regimes. Our proof of the a priori estimates uses a geometric type structure of the fast diffusion equations, where an important ingredient is an evolution equation for a curvature-like quantity., Comment: This is a much improved version of the older manuscript, thanks to the suggestions of the anonymous referee. The main revision is that we added three appendices to provide supplementary materials for the linear equation part. Also, Corollary 1.4 is improved from the suggestions of the anonymous referee

Let $(M,g)$ be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$ with smooth boundary $\partial M$, admitting a scalar-flat conformal metric. We prove that the supremum of the isoperimetric ratio over the scalar-flat conformal class is strictly larger than the best constant of the isoperimetric inequality in the Euclidean space, and consequently is achieved, if either (i) $9\le n\le 11$ and $\partial M$ has a nonumbilic point; or (ii) $7\le n\le 9$, $\partial M$ is umbilic and the Weyl tensor does not vanish identically on the boundary. This is a continuation of the work \cite{Jin-Xiong} by the second named author and Xiong.

We prove sharp blow up rates of solutions of higher order conformally invariant equations in a bounded domain with an isolated singularity, and show the asymptotic radial symmetry of the solutions near the singularity. This is an extension of the celebrated theorem of Caffarelli-Gidas-Spruck for the second order Yamabe equation with isolated singularities to higher order equations. Our approach uses blow up analysis for local integral equations, and is unified for all critical elliptic equations of order smaller than the dimension. We also prove the existence of Fowler solutions to the global equations, and establish a sup*inf type Harnack inequality of Schoen for integral equations., Comment: 55 pages. Added a remark explaining that if the solution satisfies either the lower bound or the upper bound then its Laplacian sign conditions hold near a non-removable singularity

We obtain Dini and Schauder type estimates for concave fully nonlinear nonlocal parabolic equations of order $\sigma\in (0,2)$ with rough and non-symmetric kernels, and drift terms. We also study such linear equations with only measurable coefficients in the time variable, and obtain Dini type estimates in the spacial variable. This is a continuation of the work [10, 11] by the first and last authors., Comment: 42 pages, some corrections in the proof of Theorem 1.5 were made. References updated. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1612.08310

Let $(M,g)$ be a smooth compact Riemannian manifold of dimension $n$ with smooth boundary $\partial M$. Suppose that $(M,g)$ admits a scalar-flat conformal metric. We prove that the supremum of the isoperimetric quotient over the scalar-flat conformal class is strictly larger than the best constant of the isoperimetric inequality in the Euclidean space, and consequently is achieved, if either (i) $n\ge 12$ and $\partial M$ has a nonumbilic point; or (ii) $n\ge 10$, $\partial M$ is umbilic and the Weyl tensor does not vanish at some boundary point., Comment: 25 pages, edited introduction, corrected a few typos

We consider a version of the fractional Sobolev inequality in domains and study whether the best constant in this inequality is attained. For the half-space and a large class of bounded domains we show that a minimizer exists, which is in contrast to the classical Sobolev inequalities in domains., Comment: 35 pages

We prove interior H\"older estimate for the spatial gradients of the viscosity solutions to the singular or degenerate parabolic equation $$ u_t=|\nabla u|^{\kappa}\mbox{div} (|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u), $$ where $p\in (1,\infty)$ and $\kappa\in (1-p,\infty).$ This includes the from $L^\infty$ to $C^{1,\alpha}$ regularity for parabolic $p$-Laplacian equations in both divergence form with $\kappa=0$, and non-divergence form with $\kappa=2-p$. This work is a continuation of a paper by the last two authors \cite{JS}., Comment: 29 pages

We obtain Schauder estimates for a general class of linear integro-differential equations. The estimates are applied to a scalar non-local Burgers equation and complete the global well-posedness results obtained in \cite{ISV}., Comment: 10 pages

We study local behavior of positive solutions to the fractional Yamabe equation with a singular set of fractional capacity zero., Comment: Calc. Var. Partial Differential Equations 56 (2017), no. 1, Art. 9

We prove interior H\"older estimates for the spatial gradient of viscosity solutions to the parabolic homogeneous $p$-Laplacian equation \[ u_t=|\nabla u|^{2-p} \mbox{ div} (|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u), \] where $1

Making use of integral representations, we develop a unified approach to establish blow up profiles, compactness and existence of positive solutions of the conformally invariant equations $P_\sigma(v)= Kv^{\frac{n+2\sigma}{n-2\sigma}}$ on the standard unit sphere $\mathbb{S}^n$ for all $\sigma\in (0,n/2)$, where $P_\sigma$ is the intertwining operator of order $2\sigma$. Finding positive solutions of these equations is equivalent to seeking metrics in the conformal class of the standard metric on spheres with prescribed certain curvatures. When $\sigma=1$, it is the prescribing scalar curvature problem or the Nirenberg problem, and when $\sigma=2$, it is the prescribing $Q$-curvature problem., Comment: 60 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1111.1332

We study existence and uniqueness of travelling fronts, and asymptotic speed of propagation for a non local reaction diffusion equation with spatial and genetic trait structure., Comment: 34 pages. The second main theorem is improved

In this paper, we establish pointwise Schauder estimates for solutions of nonlocal fully nonlinear elliptic equations by perturbative arguments. A key ingredient is a recursive Evans-Krylov theorem for nonlocal fully nonlinear translation invariant equations., Comment: More references are added. One paragraph is added in the Introduction. 41 pages,submitted. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1405.0755

We prove optimal pointwise Schauder estimates in the spatial variables for solutions of linear parabolic integro-differential equations. Optimal H\"older estimates in space-time for those spatial derivatives are also obtained., Comment: Submitted, 26 pages

In this paper, we examine the boundary $L^2$ term of the sharp Sobolev trace inequality $\|u\|_{L^{q}(\pa M)}^2\leq S \|\nabla_g u\|_{L^2(M)}^2 +A(M,g)\|u\|^2_{L^2(\pa M)}$ on Riemannian manifolds $(M,g)$ with boundaries $\pa M$, where $q=\frac{2(n-1)}{n-2}$, $S$ is the best constant and $A(M,g)$ is some positive constant depending only on $M$ and $g$. We obtain a sharp trace inequality involving the mean curvature in a remainder term, which would fail in general once the mean curvature is replaced by any smaller function.

This paper is a continuation of our earlier work "[T. Jin, Y.Y. Li and J. Xiong, On a fractional Nirenberg problem, part I: blow up analysis and compactness of solutions, to appear in J. Eur. Math. Soc.]", where compactness results were given on a fractional Nirenberg problem. We prove two existence results stated there. We also obtain a fractional Aubin inequality.

We study conformal metrics on $R^3$, i.e., metrics of the form $g_u=e^{2u}|dx|^2$, which have constant $Q$-curvature and finite volume. This is equivalent to studying the non-local equation $$ (-\Delta)^\frac32 u = 2 e^{3u}$$ in $R^3$ $$V:=\int_{\mathbb{R}^3}e^{3u}dx<\infty,$$ where $V$ is the volume of $g_u$. Adapting a technique of A. Chang and W-X. Chen to the non-local framework, we show the existence of a large class of such metrics, particularly for $V\le 2\pi^2=|S^3|$. Inspired by previous works of C-S. Lin and L. Martinazzi, who treated the analogue cases in even dimensions, we classify such metrics based on their behavior at infinity., Comment: 22 pages

In this paper, we study the local behaviors of nonnegative local solutions of fractional order semi-linear equations $(-\Delta)^\sigma u=u^{\frac{n+2\sigma}{n-2\sigma}}$ with an isolated singularity, where $\sigma\in (0,1)$. We prove that all the solutions are asymptotically radially symmetric. When $\sigma =1$, these have been proved in \cite{CGS} by Caffarelli, Gidas and Spruck., Comment: 24 pages

In this paper, we study existence, regularity, classification, and asymptotical behaviors of solutions of some Monge-Amp\`ere equations with isolated and line singularities. We classify all solutions of $\det \nabla^2 u=1$ in $\R^n$ with one puncture point. This can be applied to characterize ellipsoids, in the same spirit of Serrin's overdetermined problem for the Laplace operator. In the case of having $k$ non-removable singular points for $k>1$, modulo affine equivalence the set of all generalized solutions can be identified as an explicit orbifold of finite dimension. We also establish existence of global solutions with general singular sets, regularity properties, and optimal estimates of the second order derivatives of generalized solutions near the singularity consisting of a point or a straight line. The geometric motivation comes from singular semi-flat Calabi-Yau metrics., Comment: 25 pages

In this paper, we give a new proof of a celebrated theorem of J\"orgens which states that every classical convex solution of \[ \det\nabla^2 u (x)=1\quad {in} \mathbb{R}^2 \] has to be a second order polynomial. Our arguments do not use complex analysis, and can be applied to establish such Liouville type theorems for solutions of a class of degenerate Monge-Amp\`ere equations. We prove that every convex generalized (or Alexandrov) solution of \[ \det \nabla^2 u(x_1,x_2)=|x_1|^{\alpha} \quad {in} \mathbb{R}^2, \] where $\alpha>-1$, has to be \[ u(x_1,x_2)= \frac{a}{(\alpha+2)(\alpha+1)}|x_1|^{2+\alpha}+\frac{a b^2}{2}x_1^2 +bx_1x_2+ \frac{1}{2a} x_2^2+\ell(x_1,x_2) \] for some constants $a>0$, $b$ and a linear function $\ell(x_1,x_2)$. This work is motivated by the Weyl problem with nonnegative Gauss curvature., Comment: Submitted, 15 pages

We establish some sharp weighted trace inequalities $W^{1,2}(\rho^{1-2\sigma}, M)\hookrightarrow L^{\frac{2n}{n-2\sigma}}(\pa M)$ on $n+1$ dimensional compact smooth manifolds with smooth boundaries, where $\rho$ is a defining function of $M$ and $\sigma\in (0,1)$. This is stimulated by some recent work on fractional (conformal) Laplacians and related problems in conformal geometry, and also motivated by a conjecture of Aubin., Comment: 34 pages

We prove some results on the existence and compactness of solutions of a fractional Nirenberg problem., Comment: 59 pages

We introduce a fractional Yamabe flow involving nonlocal conformally invariant operators on the conformal infinity of asymptotically hyperbolic manifolds, and show that on the conformal spheres $(\Sn, [g_{\Sn}])$, it converges to the standard sphere up to a M\"obius diffeomorphism. This result allows us to obtain extinction profiles of solutions of some fractional porous medium equations. In the end, we use this fractional fast diffusion equation, together with its extinction profile and some estimates of its extinction time, to improve a Sobolev inequality via a quantitative estimate of the remainder term., Comment: final version, to appear in J. Reine Angew. Math

We construct a function $u \in W^{1,1}_{\mathrm{loc}} (B(0,1))$ which is a solution to $\Div (A \nabla u)=0$ in the sense of distributions, where $A$ is continuous and $u \not \in W^{1,p}_{\mathrm{loc}} (B(0,1))$ for $p > 1$. We also give a function $u \in W^{1,1}_{\mathrm{loc}} (B(0,1))$ such that $u \in W^{1,p}_{\mathrm{loc}}(B(0,1))$ for every $p < \infty$, $u$ satisfies $\Div (A \nabla u)=0$ with $A$ continuous but $u \not \in W^{1, \infty}_{\mathrm{loc}}(B(0,1))$., Comment: 6 pages