Author: "Jillings, C. J." - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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48 results on '"Jillings, C. J."'

1. Measurement of the $^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux Using the Full SNO+ Water Phase

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Howard, V., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khan, H., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Milton, G., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ detector operated initially as a water Cherenkov detector. The implementation of a sealed covergas system midway through water data taking resulted in a significant reduction in the activity of $^{222}$Rn daughters in the detector and allowed the lowest background to the solar electron scattering signal above 5 MeV achieved to date. This paper reports an updated SNO+ water phase $^8$B solar neutrino analysis with a total livetime of 282.4 days and an analysis threshold of 3.5 MeV. The $^8$B solar neutrino flux is found to be $\left(2.32^{+0.18}_{-0.17}\text{(stat.)}^{+0.07}_{-0.05}\text{(syst.)}\right)\times10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ assuming no neutrino oscillations, or $\left(5.36^{+0.41}_{-0.39}\text{(stat.)}^{+0.17}_{-0.16}\text{(syst.)} \right)\times10^{6}$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$ assuming standard neutrino oscillation parameters, in good agreement with both previous measurements and Standard Solar Model Calculations. The electron recoil spectrum is presented above 3.5 MeV.
Published: 2024

2. Relative Measurement and Extrapolation of the Scintillation Quenching Factor of $\alpha$-Particles in Liquid Argon using DEAP-3600 Data

Author: The DEAP Collaboration, Adhikari, P., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Amaudruz, P. -A., Anstey, J., Auty, D. J., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Bueno, J. F., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Choudhary, S., Cleveland, B. T., Crampton, R., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Dolganov, G., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Ford, R. J., Gahan, D., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Giménez-Alcázar, A., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Haskins, S., Hu, J., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., La Zia, F., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Lissia, M., Luzzi, L., Machulin, I., Maru, A., Mason, J., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Ng, C., Oliviéro, G., Pal, S., Papi, D., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Pollmann, T. R., Rad, F., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Roszkowski, L., Santorelli, R., Schuckman II, F. G., Seth, S., Shalamova, V., Skensved, P., Smirnova, T., Sobotkiewich, K., Sonley, T., Sosiak, J., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Vyas, B., Walczak, M., Walding, J., Ward, M., and Westerdale, S.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The knowledge of scintillation quenching of $\alpha$-particles plays a paramount role in understanding $\alpha$-induced backgrounds and improving the sensitivity of liquid argon-based direct detection of dark matter experiments. We performed a relative measurement of scintillation quenching in the MeV energy region using radioactive isotopes ($^{222}$Rn, $^{218}$Po and $^{214}$Po isotopes) present in trace amounts in the DEAP-3600 detector and quantified the uncertainty of extrapolating the quenching factor to the low-energy region., Comment: Submitted to Eur. Phys. J. C
Published: 2024

3. Initial measurement of reactor antineutrino oscillation at SNO+

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dima, C., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Esmaeilian, M. S., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Howard, V., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Huang, P., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khan, H., Kladnik, J., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Milton, G., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Morton-Blake, I., Mubasher, M., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Quenallata, B., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Semenec, I., Simms, J., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ collaboration reports its first spectral analysis of long-baseline reactor antineutrino oscillation using 114 tonne-years of data. Fitting the neutrino oscillation probability to the observed energy spectrum yields constraints on the neutrino mass-squared difference $\Delta m^2_{21}$. In the ranges allowed by previous measurements, the best-fit $\Delta m^2_{21}$ is (8.85$^{+1.10}_{-1.33}$) $\times$ 10$^{-5}$ eV$^2$. This measurement is continuing in the next phases of SNO+ and is expected to surpass the present global precision on $\Delta m^2_{21}$ with about three years of data.
Published: 2024

4. Event-by-Event Direction Reconstruction of Solar Neutrinos in a High Light-Yield Liquid Scintillator

Author: Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Baker, J., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Chen, M., Cheng, S., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gaur, A., Ganzálaz-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hewitt, C., Hreljac, B., Howard, V., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lake, C., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvra, C., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Milton, G., Morton-Blake, I., Mubasher, M., Colina, A. Molina, Morris, D., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Paleshi, K., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensvard, P., Smiley, M., Smith, J., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Valder, S., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Virtue, C. J., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Ye, Z., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The direction of individual $^8$B solar neutrinos has been reconstructed using the SNO+ liquid scintillator detector. Prompt, directional Cherenkov light was separated from the slower, isotropic scintillation light using time information, and a maximum likelihood method was used to reconstruct the direction of individual scattered electrons. A clear directional signal was observed, correlated with the solar angle. The observation was aided by a period of low primary fluor concentration that resulted in a slower scintillator decay time. This is the first time that event-by-event direction reconstruction in high light-yield liquid scintillator has been demonstrated in a large-scale detector., Comment: 6 pages, 6 figures. Accepted manuscript by PRD
Published: 2023
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5. Precision Measurement of the Specific Activity of $^{39}$Ar in Atmospheric Argon with the DEAP-3600 Detector

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Amaudruz, P. -A., Anstey, J., Araujo, G. R., Auty, D. J., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Choudhary, S., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Crampton, R., Cranshaw, D., Daughtery, S., DelGobbo, P., Dering, K., Di Stefano, P., DiGioseffo, J., Dolganov, G., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Giménez-Alcázar, A., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Haskins, S., Hearns, C., Hu, J., Hucker, J., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Joy, A., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., La Zia, F., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., LePage-Bourbonnais, J., Levashko, N., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Lissia, M., Lock, J., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Maru, A., Mason, J., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Papi, D., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rad, F., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, I. Rodríguez, Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Santorelli, R., Schuckman II, F. G., Seeburn, N., Seth, S., Shalamova, V., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, N. J. T., Smith, B., Sobotkiewich, K., Sonley, T., Sosiak, J., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Vyas, B., Walczak, M., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The specific activity of the beta decay of $^{39}$Ar in atmospheric argon is measured using the DEAP-3600 detector. DEAP-3600, located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, uses a total of (3269 $\pm$ 24) kg of liquid argon distilled from the atmosphere to search for dark matter. This detector with very low background uses pulseshape discrimination to differentiate between nuclear recoils and electron recoils and is well-suited to measure the decay of $^{39}$Ar. With 167 live-days of data, the measured specific activity at the time of atmospheric extraction is [0.964 $\pm$ 0.001 (stat) $\pm$ 0.024 (sys)] Bq/kg$_{\rm atmAr}$ which is consistent with results from other experiments. A cross-check analysis using different event selection criteria provides a consistent result.
Published: 2023
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6. Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors using Pure Water at SNO+

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barao, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gonzalez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inacio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Virtue, C. J., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5$\sigma$., Comment: v2: add missing author, add link to supplemental material v3: minor updates to match PRL publication
Published: 2022
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7. Improved search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. D., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: This paper reports results from a search for single and multi-nucleon disappearance from the $^{16}$O nucleus in water within the \snoplus{} detector using all of the available data. These so-called "invisible" decays do not directly deposit energy within the detector but are instead detected through their subsequent nuclear de-excitation and gamma-ray emission. New limits are given for the partial lifetimes: $\tau(n\rightarrow inv) > 9.0\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(p\rightarrow inv) > 9.6\times10^{29}$ years, $\tau(nn\rightarrow inv) > 1.5\times10^{28}$ years, $\tau(np\rightarrow inv) > 6.0\times10^{28}$ years, and $\tau(pp\rightarrow inv) > 1.1\times10^{29}$ years at 90\% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate). All but the ($nn\rightarrow inv$) results improve on existing limits by a factor of about 3.
Published: 2022
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8. First direct detection constraints on Planck-scale mass dark matter with multiple-scatter signatures using the DEAP-3600 detector

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Auty, D. J., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Ku{ź}niak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lissia, M., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Oliviéro, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Raj, N., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Rodríguez-García, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., García, E. Sanchez, Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seth, S., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: Dark matter particles with Planck-scale mass ($\simeq10^{19}\text{GeV}/c^2$) arise in well-motivated theories and could be produced by several cosmological mechanisms. Using a blind analysis of data collected over a 813 d live time with DEAP-3600, a 3.3 t single-phase liquid argon-based dark matter experiment at SNOLAB, a search for supermassive dark matter was performed, looking for multiple-scatter signals. No candidate signal events were observed, leading to the first direct detection constraints on Planck-scale mass dark matter. Leading limits constrain dark matter masses between $8.3\times10^{6}$ and $1.2\times10^{19} \text{GeV}/c^2$, and cross sections for scattering on $^{40}$Ar between $1.0\times10^{-23}$ and $2.4\times10^{-18} \text{cm}^2$. These are used to constrain two composite dark matter models.
Published: 2021
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9. Optical calibration of the SNO+ detector in the water phase with deployed sources

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barão, F., Barros, N., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefebvre, C., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Prior, G., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Sharma, M. K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Stainforth, R., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: SNO+ is a large-scale liquid scintillator experiment with the primary goal of searching for neutrinoless double beta decay, and is located approximately 2 km underground in SNOLAB, Sudbury, Canada. The detector acquired data for two years as a pure water Cherenkov detector, starting in May 2017. During this period, the optical properties of the detector were measured in situ using a deployed light diffusing sphere, with the goal of improving the detector model and the energy response systematic uncertainties. The measured parameters included the water attenuation coefficients, effective attenuation coefficients for the acrylic vessel, and the angular response of the photomultiplier tubes and their surrounding light concentrators, all across different wavelengths. The calibrated detector model was validated using a deployed tagged gamma source, which showed a 0.6% variation in energy scale across the primary target volume., Comment: Accepted by JINST (30 pages, 19 figures)
Published: 2021
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10. The SNO+ Experiment

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Albanese, V., Alves, R., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Back, S., Barão, F., Barnard, Z., Barr, A., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Bayes, R., Beaudoin, C., Beier, E. W., Berardi, G., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Cookman, D., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Doxtator, A., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Felber, C., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gauthier, J., Gibson-Foster, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hodak, B., Hodak, M., Hood, M., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, S. M. A., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupová, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., Larochelle, P., Larose, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liimatainen, P., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mathewson, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McFarlane, K., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morissette, B., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Read, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Ritchie, I., Robertson, A., Robertson, B. C., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., Sörensen, A., St-Amant, M., Stainforth, R., Stankiewicz, S., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Stripay, A., Svoboda, R., Tacchino, S., Tam, B., Tanguay, C., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wallig, J., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0\nu\beta\beta$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0\nu\beta\beta$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region., Comment: 61 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2021
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11. Pulseshape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author: The DEAP Collaboration, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Amaudruz, P. -A., Auty, D. J., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Cranshaw, D., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, T., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Lissia, M., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Rodríguez-García, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Sánchez-García, E., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 detector searches for the scintillation signal from dark matter particles scattering on a 3.3 tonne liquid argon target. The largest background comes from $^{39}$Ar beta decays and is suppressed using pulseshape discrimination (PSD). We use two types of PSD algorithm: the prompt-fraction, which considers the fraction of the scintillation signal in a narrow and a wide time window around the event peak, and the log-likelihood-ratio, which compares the observed photon arrival times to a signal and a background model. We furthermore use two algorithms to determine the number of photons detected at a given time: (1) simply dividing the charge of each PMT pulse by the charge of a single photoelectron, and (2) a likelihood analysis that considers the probability to detect a certain number of photons at a given time, based on a model for the scintillation pulseshape and for afterpulsing in the light detectors. The prompt-fraction performs approximately as well as the log-likelihood-ratio PSD algorithm if the photon detection times are not biased by detector effects. We explain this result using a model for the information carried by scintillation photons as a function of the time when they are detected., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures
Published: 2021
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12. Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Dittmer, J., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gilje, K., González-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, A. S. M., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mauel, J., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Sörensen, A., Tam, B., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+., Comment: 21 pages, 10 figures
Published: 2020
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13. Constraints on dark matter-nucleon effective couplings in the presence of kinematically distinct halo substructures using the DEAP-3600 detector

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Oliviéro, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Roszkowski, L., García, E. Sanchez, Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Vincent, A. C., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Westerdale, S., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon detector aiming to directly detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), located at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). After analyzing data taken during the first year of operation, a null result was used to place an upper bound on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent, isoscalar cross section. This study reinterprets this result within a Non-Relativistic Effective Field Theory framework, and further examines how various possible substructures in the local dark matter halo may affect these constraints. Such substructures are hinted at by kinematic structures in the local stellar distribution observed by the Gaia satellite and other recent astronomical surveys. These include the Gaia Sausage (or Enceladus), as well as a number of distinct streams identified in recent studies. Limits are presented for the coupling strength of the effective contact interaction operators $\mathcal{O}_1$, $\mathcal{O}_3$, $\mathcal{O}_5$, $\mathcal{O}_8$, and $\mathcal{O}_{11}$, considering isoscalar, isovector, and xenonphobic scenarios, as well as the specific operators corresponding to millicharge, magnetic dipole, electric dipole, and anapole interactions. The effects of halo substructures on each of these operators are explored as well, showing that the $\mathcal{O}_5$ and $\mathcal{O}_8$ operators are particularly sensitive to the velocity distribution, even at dark matter masses above 100 GeV/$c^2$.
Published: 2020
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14. Measurement of neutron-proton capture in the SNO+ water phase

Author: Collaboration, The SNO, Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barros, N., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Cox, M. A., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Di Lodovico, F., Earle, A. D., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gilje, K., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, A. S. M., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Lin, Y. H., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Prior, G., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Sharma, M. K., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tian, L., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ experiment collected data as a low-threshold water Cherenkov detector from September 2017 to July 2019. Measurements of the 2.2-MeV $\gamma$ produced by neutron capture on hydrogen have been made using an Am-Be calibration source, for which a large fraction of emitted neutrons are produced simultaneously with a 4.4-MeV $\gamma$. Analysis of the delayed coincidence between the 4.4-MeV $\gamma$ and the 2.2-MeV capture $\gamma$ revealed a neutron detection efficiency that is centered around 50% and varies at the level of 1% across the inner region of the detector, which to our knowledge is the highest efficiency achieved among pure water Cherenkov detectors. In addition, the neutron capture time constant was measured and converted to a thermal neutron-proton capture cross section of $336.3^{+1.2}_{-1.5}$ mb.
Published: 2020
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15. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: The DEAP collaboration, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Batygov, G. R. Araujoand M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Dering, S. J. Daughertyand K., Doria, L., Dunford, F. A. Duncan andM., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, E. Sanchez, Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $\mathcal O$(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10\% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.
Published: 2020
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16. Electromagnetic Backgrounds and Potassium-42 Activity in the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector

Author: Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gallacher, D., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, E. Sanchez, Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for WIMP dark matter with a 3.3 tonne single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is keV-scale $^{40}$Ar nuclear recoils (NR) producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by PMTs. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ER) induced by $\beta$ and $\gamma$-rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex-situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in-situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. While excellent discrimination between ERs and NRs is reached with pulse shape discrimination, utilizing the large difference between fast and slow components of LAr scintillation light, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components, sets valuable constraints on other key types of backgrounds in the detector: neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of $^{42}$Ar in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of $^{42}$K. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon e.g. DarkSide-20k, GERDA or LEGEND. The specific activity of $^{42}$Ar in the atmosphere is found to be $40.4 \pm 5.9$ $\mu$Bq/kg of argon.
Published: 2019
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17. Search for dark matter with a 231-day exposure of liquid argon using DEAP-3600 at SNOLAB

Author: Ajaj, R., Amaudruz, P. -A., Araujo, G. R., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon (LAr) direct-detection dark matter experiment, operating 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). The detector consists of 3279 kg of LAr contained in a spherical acrylic vessel. This paper reports on the analysis of a 758 tonne\cdot day exposure taken over a period of 231 live-days during the first year of operation. No candidate signal events are observed in the WIMP-search region of interest, which results in the leading limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section on a LAr target of $3.9\times10^{-45}$ cm$^{2}$ ($1.5\times10^{-44}$ cm$^{2}$) for a 100 GeV/c$^{2}$ (1 TeV/c$^{2}$) WIMP mass at 90\% C. L. In addition to a detailed background model, this analysis demonstrates the best pulse-shape discrimination in LAr at threshold, employs a Bayesian photoelectron-counting technique to improve the energy resolution and discrimination efficiency, and utilizes two position reconstruction algorithms based on PMT charge and photon arrival times.
Published: 2019
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18. Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author: Collaboration, SNO, Anderson, M., Andringa, S., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hernández-Hernández, J. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Iida, T., Inácio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Labe, K., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McMillan, J. E., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Novikov, V., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shantz, T., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Sörensen, A., Tam, B., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wang, J., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through 'invisible' modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently de-excite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of $2.5 \times 10^{29}$ y at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and $3.6 \times 10^{29}$ y for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of $1.3\times 10^{28}$ y for $nn$, $2.6\times 10^{28}$ y for $pn$ and $4.7\times 10^{28}$ y for $pp$, an improvement over existing limits by close to three orders of magnitude for the latter two., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2018
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19. Measurement of the $^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux in SNO+ with Very Low Backgrounds

Author: Collaboration, The SNO, Anderson, M., Andringa, S., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hernández-Hernández, J. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lane, R., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Mlejnek, M., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Reichold, A., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tian, L., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A measurement of the $^8$B solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is $0.25^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is $1.03^{+0.13}_{-0.12}$ events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of $2.53^{+0.31}_{-0.28}$(stat.)$^{+0.13}_{-0.10}$(syst.)$\times10^6$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2018
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20. Design and Construction of the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Detector

Author: Amaudruz, P. -A., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bishop, D., Bonatt, J., Boorman, G., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bromwich, T., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chan, S., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Churchwell, S., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Dittmeier, S., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Gornea, R., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Gulyev, E., Hall, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Linn, Y., Liu, S., Majewski, P., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mead, S., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ohlmann, C., Olchanski, K., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rau, W., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Shaw, B., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Taylor, J., Veloce, L., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., White, R., Woolsey, E., and Zielinski, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Dark matter Experiment using Argon Pulse-shape discrimination (DEAP) has been designed for a direct detection search for particle dark matter using a single-phase liquid argon target. The projected cross section sensitivity for DEAP-3600 to the spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons is $10^{-46}~\rm{cm}^{2}$ for a 100 GeV/$c^2$ WIMP mass with a fiducial exposure of 3 tonne-years. This paper describes the physical properties and construction of the DEAP-3600 detector., Comment: minor corrections in version 2. 70 pages, 24 figures, to be submitted to Astroparticle Physics Journal
Published: 2017
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21. First results from the DEAP-3600 dark matter search with argon at SNOLAB

Author: Collaboration, DEAP-3600, Amaudruz, P. -A., Baldwin, M., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bishop, D., Bonatt, J., Boorman, G., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bromwich, T., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chan, S., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Dittmeier, S., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Florian, S., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Gornea, R., Grace, E., Graham, K., Gulyev, E., Hakobyan, R., Hall, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Lidgard, J. J., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Linn, Y., Liu, S., Majewski, P., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mead, S., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ohlmann, C., Olchanski, K., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rau, W., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Shaw, B., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Taylor, J., Veloce, L., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Woolsey, E., and Zielinski, J.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract: This paper reports the first results of a direct dark matter search with the DEAP-3600 single-phase liquid argon (LAr) detector. The experiment was performed 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada) utilizing a large target mass, with the LAr target contained in a spherical acrylic vessel of 3600 kg capacity. The LAr is viewed by an array of PMTs, which would register scintillation light produced by rare nuclear recoil signals induced by dark matter particle scattering. An analysis of 4.44 live days (fiducial exposure of 9.87 tonne-days) of data taken with the nearly full detector during the initial filling phase demonstrates the detector performance and the best electronic recoil rejection using pulse-shape discrimination in argon, with leakage $<1.2\times 10^{-7}$ (90% C.L.) between 16 and 33 keV$_{ee}$. No candidate signal events are observed, which results in the leading limit on WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section on argon, $<1.2\times 10^{-44}$ cm$^2$ for a 100 GeV/c$^2$ WIMP mass (90% C.L.)., Comment: Accepted for publication in Physical Review Letters
Published: 2017
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22. In-situ characterization of the Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier tubes used in the DEAP-3600 experiment

Author: DEAP Collaboration, Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Bishop, D., Bonatt, J., Boorman, G., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bromwich, T., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chan, S., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Churchwell, S., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., Dittmeier, S., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Gornea, R., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Gulyev, E., Hall, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kemp, A., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Lim, C., Lindner, T., Linn, Y., Liu, S., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McLaughlin, J., Mead, S., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Ohlmann, C., Olchanski, K., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rau, W., Rethmeier, C., Retiére, F., Seeburn, N., Shaw, B., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Tang, J., Taylor, J., Veloce, L., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Walding, J., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., White, R., Woolsey, E., and Zielinski, J.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The Hamamatsu R5912-HQE photomultiplier-tube (PMT) is a novel high-quantum efficiency PMT. It is currently used in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector and is of significant interest for future dark matter and neutrino experiments where high signal yields are needed. We report on the methods developed for in-situ characterization and monitoring of DEAP's 255 R5912-HQE PMTs. This includes a detailed discussion of typical measured single-photoelectron charge distributions, correlated noise (afterpulsing), dark noise, double, and late pulsing characteristics. The characterization is performed during the detector commissioning phase using laser light injected through a light diffusing sphere and during normal detector operation using LED light injected through optical fibres.
Published: 2017
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23. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

Author: DEAP Collaboration, Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Duncan, F., Flower, T., Ford, R., Giampa, P., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Guliyev, E., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., Li, O., Liimatainen, P., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Ontario. It is a single-phase detector that searches for dark matter particle interactions within a 1000-kg fiducial mass target of liquid argon. A first generation prototype detector (DEAP-1) with a 7-kg liquid argon target mass demonstrated a high level of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) for reducing $\beta$/$\gamma$ backgrounds and helped to develop low radioactivity techniques to mitigate surface-related $\alpha$ backgrounds. Construction of the DEAP-3600 detector is nearly complete and commissioning is starting in 2014. The target sensitivity to spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons of 10$^{-46}$ cm$^2$ will allow one order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over current searches at 100 GeV WIMP mass. This paper presents an overview and status of the DEAP-3600 project and discusses plans for a future multi-tonne experiment, DEAP-50T., Comment: International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2014), Valencia, 2014
Published: 2014
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24. Improving Photoelectron Counting and Particle Identification in Scintillation Detectors with Bayesian Techniques

Author: Akashi-Ronquest, M., Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bodmer, M., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Buck, B., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Caldwell, T., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B., Coakley, K., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Formaggio, J. A., Gagnon, R., Gastler, D., Giuliani, F., Gold, M., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grace, E., Guerrero, N., Guiseppe, V., Hallin, A. L., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Henning, R., Hime, A., Hofgartner, J., Jaditz, S., Jillings, C. J., Kachulis, C., Kearns, E., Kelsey, J., Klein, J. R., Kuzniak, M., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Linden, S., McFarlane, K., McKinsey, D. N., MacMullin, S., Mastbaum, A., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., Mei, D. -M., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J. A., Noble, T., O'Dwyer, E., Olsen, K., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Perumpilly, G., Pollmann, T., Rau, P., Retiere, F., Rielage, K., Schnee, R., Seibert, S., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., Wang, B., Wang, J., Ward, M., and Zhang, C.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: Many current and future dark matter and neutrino detectors are designed to measure scintillation light with a large array of photomultiplier tubes (PMTs). The energy resolution and particle identification capabilities of these detectors depend in part on the ability to accurately identify individual photoelectrons in PMT waveforms despite large variability in pulse amplitudes and pulse pileup. We describe a Bayesian technique that can identify the times of individual photoelectrons in a sampled PMT waveform without deconvolution, even when pileup is present. To demonstrate the technique, we apply it to the general problem of particle identification in single-phase liquid argon dark matter detectors. Using the output of the Bayesian photoelectron counting algorithm described in this paper, we construct several test statistics for rejection of backgrounds for dark matter searches in argon. Compared to simpler methods based on either observed charge or peak finding, the photoelectron counting technique improves both energy resolution and particle identification of low energy events in calibration data from the DEAP-1 detector and simulation of the larger MiniCLEAN dark matter detector., Comment: 16 pages, 16 figures
Published: 2014
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25. Pulse-shape discrimination against low-energy Ar-39 beta decays in liquid argon with 4.5 tonne-years of DEAP-3600 data

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Amaudruz, P.-A., Auty, D. J., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonatt, J., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Cranshaw, D., Daugherty, S., DelGobbo, P., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Florian, S., Flower, T., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lidgard, J., Lindner, T., Lissia, M., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., O’Dwyer, E., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M.-C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Rodríguez-García, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Sánchez-García, E., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Soukup, J., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Published: 2021
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26. Radon backgrounds in the DEAP-1 liquid-argon-based Dark Matter detector

Author: Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Boudjemline, K., Caldwell, M. G. Boulay B. Cai T., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Contreras, D., Dering, K., Duncan, F., Ford, R., Giuliani, R. Gagnon F., Golovko, M. Gold V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hakobyan, R., Hallin, A. L., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liimatainen, P., Lippincott, W. H., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., McKinsey, D., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J., Noble, T., O'Dwyer, E., Olsen, K. S., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retiere, F., Ronquest, M., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract: The DEAP-1 \SI{7}{kg} single phase liquid argon scintillation detector was operated underground at SNOLAB in order to test the techniques and measure the backgrounds inherent to single phase detection, in support of the \mbox{DEAP-3600} Dark Matter detector. Backgrounds in DEAP are controlled through material selection, construction techniques, pulse shape discrimination and event reconstruction. This report details the analysis of background events observed in three iterations of the DEAP-1 detector, and the measures taken to reduce them. The $^{222}$Rn decay rate in the liquid argon was measured to be between 16 and \SI{26}{\micro\becquerel\per\kilogram}. We found that the background spectrum near the region of interest for Dark Matter detection in the DEAP-1 detector can be described considering events from three sources: radon daughters decaying on the surface of the active volume, the expected rate of electromagnetic events misidentified as nuclear recoils due to inefficiencies in the pulse shape discrimination, and leakage of events from outside the fiducial volume due to imperfect position reconstruction. These backgrounds statistically account for all observed events, and they will be strongly reduced in the DEAP-3600 detector due to its higher light yield and simpler geometry.
Published: 2012
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27. Measurement of the scintillation time spectra and pulse-shape discrimination of low-energy beta and nuclear recoils in liquid argon with DEAP-1

Author: Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boudjemline, K., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Caldwell, T., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Cranshaw, D., Dering, K., Duncan, F., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Gagnon, R., Giampa, P., Giuliani, F., Gold, M., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Grace, E., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hakobyan, R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Hearns, C., Hofgartner, J., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., La Zia, F., Li, O., Lidgard, J. J., Liimatainen, P., Lippincott, W. H., Mathew, R., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Mehdiyev, R., McKinsey, D. N., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Nicolics, K., Nikkel, J., Noble, A. J., O'Dwyer, E., Olsen, K., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Ronquest, M., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-1 low-background liquid argon detector was used to measure scintillation pulse shapes of electron and nuclear recoil events and to demonstrate the feasibility of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) down to an electron-equivalent energy of 20 keV. In the surface dataset using a triple-coincidence tag we found the fraction of beta events that are misidentified as nuclear recoils to be $<1.4\times 10^{-7}$ (90% C.L.) for energies between 43-86 keVee and for a nuclear recoil acceptance of at least 90%, with 4% systematic uncertainty on the absolute energy scale. The discrimination measurement on surface was limited by nuclear recoils induced by cosmic-ray generated neutrons. This was improved by moving the detector to the SNOLAB underground laboratory, where the reduced background rate allowed the same measurement with only a double-coincidence tag. The combined data set contains $1.23\times10^8$ events. One of those, in the underground data set, is in the nuclear-recoil region of interest. Taking into account the expected background of 0.48 events coming from random pileup, the resulting upper limit on the electronic recoil contamination is $<2.7\times10^{-8}$ (90% C.L.) between 44-89 keVee and for a nuclear recoil acceptance of at least 90%, with 6% systematic uncertainty on the absolute energy scale. We developed a general mathematical framework to describe PSD parameter distributions and used it to build an analytical model of the distributions observed in DEAP-1. Using this model, we project a misidentification fraction of approx. $10^{-10}$ for an electron-equivalent energy threshold of 15 keV for a detector with 8 PE/keVee light yield. This reduction enables a search for spin-independent scattering of WIMPs from 1000 kg of liquid argon with a WIMP-nucleon cross-section sensitivity of $10^{-46}$ cm$^2$, assuming negligible contribution from nuclear recoil backgrounds., Comment: Accepted for publication in Astroparticle Physics
Published: 2009
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28. Studies of Air Showers above 10^18 eV with the CHICOS Array

Author: Lynn, T. W., Brobeck, E., Carlson, B. E., Jillings, C. J., Larson, M. B., McKeown, R. D., Hill, J. E., Falkowski, B. J., Seki, R., Sepikas, J., Yodh, G. B., Wells, D., and Chan, K. C.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: CHICOS (California HIgh school Cosmic ray ObServatory) is presently an array of more than 140 detectors distributed over a large area (~400 km^2) of southern California, and will consist of 180 detectors at 90 locations in the near future. These sites, located at area schools, are equipped with computerized data acquisition and automatic nightly data transfer (via internet) to our Caltech lab. The installed sites make up the largest currently operating ground array for ultra-high energy cosmic ray research in the northern hemisphere. The goal of CHICOS is to provide data related to the flux and distribution of arrival directions for ultra-high energy cosmic rays. We have performed detailed Monte-Carlo calculations to determine the density and arrival-time distribution of charged particles in extensive air showers for the CHICOS array. Calculations were performed for proton primaries with energies 10^18 to 10^21 eV and zenith angles out to 50 degrees. We have developed novel parameterizations for both distributions as functions of distance from the shower axis, primary energy, and incident zenith angle. These parameterizations are used in aperture calculations and reconstruction of shower data, enabling preliminary analysis of ultra-high energy shower data from CHICOS., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, Proceedings of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) 2005, Pune, India
Published: 2005

29. Search for Correlated High Energy Cosmic Ray Events with CHICOS

Author: McKeown, R. D., Carlson, B. E., Brobeck, E., Jillings, C. J., Larson, M. B., Lynn, T. W., Hill, J. E., Falkowski, B. J., Seki, R., Sepikas, J., and Yodh, G. B.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the results of a search for time correlations in high energy cosmic ray data (primary E > 10^14 eV) collected by the California HIgh school Cosmic ray ObServatory (CHICOS) array. Data from 69 detector sites spread over an area of 400 km^2 were studied for evidence of isolated events separated by more than 1 km with coincidence times ranging from 1 microseconds up to 1 second. We report upper limits for the coincidence probability as a function of coincidence time., Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, Proceedings of 29th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC) 2005, Pune, India
Published: 2005

30. Search for Correlated High Energy Cosmic Ray Events with CHICOS

Author: Carlson, B. E., Brobeck, E., Jillings, C. J., Larson, M. B., Lynn, T. W., McKeown, R. D., Hill, James E., Falkowski, B., Seki, R., Sepikas, J., and Yodh, G. B.
Subjects: Astrophysics
Abstract: We present the results of a search for time correlations in high energy cosmic ray data (primary E > 10^{14} eV) collected by the California HIgh school Cosmic ray ObServatory (CHICOS) array. Data from 60 detector sites spread over an area of 400 km^2 were studied for evidence of correlated events separated by more than 1 km with coincidence times ranging from 1 microsec up to 1 second. All searches were consistent with the absence of excess coincidences except for a 2.9 sigma excess observed for coincidence times less than 10 microsec. We report upper limits for the coincidence probability as a function of coincidence time., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures
Published: 2004
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31. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés , E. A., Abia, P. García, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McGinn, T., McLaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M.-C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., García, E. Sanchez, Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Published: 2020
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32. Evidence of antineutrinos from distant reactors using pure water at SNO

Author: Collaboration, SNO+, Allega, A., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Antunes, J., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Bacon, A., Barros, N., Barao, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bezerra, T. S., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Cheng, S., Chen, M., Cleveland, B., Cookman, D., Corning, J., Cox, M. A., Dehghani, R., Deloye, J., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Dittmer, J., Dixon, K. H., Di Lodovico, F., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gaur, A., Gonzalez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hu, J., Hunt-Stokes, R., Hussain, S. M. A., Inacio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaluzienski, S., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Khan, H., Klein, J. R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lee, J., Lefebvre, C., Lidgard, J., Lin, Y. H., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mills, C., Morton-Blake, I., Naugle, S., Nolan, L. J., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Page, J., Parker, W., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pickard, L., Ravi, P., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Valder, S., Virtue, C. J., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wilson, J. R., Wilson, J. D., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yang, S., Yeh, M., Yu, S., Zhang, Y., Zuber, K., Zummo, A., and Collaboration, The SNO +
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240~km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5$\sigma$., Comment: v2: add missing author, add link to supplemental material v3: minor updates to match PRL publication
Published: 2023

33. Dark matter experiment using Argon pulse-shape discrimination: DEAP-3600: Design and assembly

Author: Jillings, C. J. and Collaboration, DEAP
Published: 2016
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34. The SNO+ Experiment

Author: Collaboration, SNO+, Albanese, V., Alves, R., Anderson, M. R., Andringa, S., Anselmo, L., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Back, S., Bar��o, F., Barnard, Z., Barr, A., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Bayes, R., Beaudoin, C., Beier, E. W., Berardi, G., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Cookman, D., Coulter, I. T., Cox, M. A., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Deluce, C., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Dittmer, J., Doxtator, A., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Earle, A. D., Fabris, D., Falk, E., Farrugia, A., Fatemighomi, N., Felber, C., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Frankiewicz, K., Gagnon, N., Gaur, A., Gauthier, J., Gibson-Foster, A., Gilje, K., Gonz��lez-Reina, O. I., Gooding, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hall, S., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hodak, B., Hodak, M., Hood, M., Horne, D., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Hussain, S. M. A., Iida, T., In��cio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Korte, S., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupov��, T., Labe, K., Lafleur, F., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., Larochelle, P., Larose, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Li, O., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liimatainen, P., Lin, Y. H., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., Mathewson, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McFarlane, K., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mills, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morissette, B., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Nolan, L. J., Novikov, V. M., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Petzoldt, J., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Read, S., Reichold, A., Riccetto, S., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Ritchie, I., Robertson, A., Robertson, B. C., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shaker, F., Shantz, T., Sharma, M. K., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Smiley, M., Sonley, T., S��rensen, A., St-Amant, M., Stainforth, R., Stankiewicz, S., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Stripay, A., Svoboda, R., Tacchino, S., Tam, B., Tanguay, C., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., V��zquez-J��uregui, E., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wallig, J., Walton, S. C., Wang, J., Ward, M., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhang, T., Zhang, Y., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment
Abstract: The SNO+ experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Sudbury, Canada. A low background search for neutrinoless double beta ($0��$) decay will be conducted using 780 tonnes of liquid scintillator loaded with 3.9 tonnes of natural tellurium, corresponding to 1.3 tonnes of $^{130}$Te. This paper provides a general overview of the SNO+ experiment, including detector design, construction of process plants, commissioning efforts, electronics upgrades, data acquisition systems, and calibration techniques. The SNO+ collaboration is reusing the acrylic vessel, PMT array, and electronics of the SNO detector, having made a number of experimental upgrades and essential adaptations for use with the liquid scintillator. With low backgrounds and a low energy threshold, the SNO+ collaboration will also pursue a rich physics program beyond the search for $0��$ decay, including studies of geo- and reactor antineutrinos, supernova and solar neutrinos, and exotic physics such as the search for invisible nucleon decay. The SNO+ approach to the search for $0��$ decay is scalable: a future phase with high $^{130}$Te-loading is envisioned to probe an effective Majorana mass in the inverted mass ordering region., 61 pages, 23 figures, 4 tables
Published: 2021
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35. Search for invisible modes of nucleon decay in water with the SNO+ detector

Author: Collaboration, SNO+, Anderson, M., Andringa, S., Arushanova, E., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Back, A. R., Barnard, Z., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Bar��o, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Braid, D., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Carvalho, J., Cavalli, L., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Clark, K. J., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Cressy, D., Dai, X., Darrach, C., Davis-Purcell, B., Depatie, M. M., Descamps, F., Di Lodovico, F., Duhaime, N., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fatemighomi, N., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Grullon, S., Guillian, E., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Harvey, P., Hedayatipour, M., Heintzelman, W. J., Heise, J., Helmer, R. L., Hern��ndez-Hern��ndez, J. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Iida, T., In��cio, A. S., Jackson, C. M., Jelley, N. A., Jillings, C. J., Jones, C., Jones, P. G., Kamdin, K., Kaptanoglu, T., Kaspar, J., Keeter, K., Kefelian, C., Khaghani, P., Kippenbrock, L., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kofron, J., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Labe, K., Lam, I., Lan, C., Land, B. J., Lane, R., Langrock, S., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Lefeuvre, G. M., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liu, X., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Majumdar, K., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., McMillan, J. E., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Miller, C., Mlejnek, M., Mony, E., Morton-Blake, I., Mottram, M. J., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., Novikov, V., O'Keeffe, H. M., O'Sullivan, E., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Petriw, Z., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Prouty, J. C., Quirk, S., Reichold, A., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Robertson, A., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rost, P. M., Rumleskie, J., Schumaker, M. A., Schwendener, M. H., Scislowski, D., Secrest, J., Seddighin, M., Segui, L., Seibert, S., Semenec, I., Shantz, T., Shokair, T. M., Sibley, L., Sinclair, J. R., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Strait, M., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., S��rensen, A., Tam, B., Tatar, J., Tian, L., Tolich, N., Tseng, J., Tseung, H. W. C., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., von Krosigk, B., V��zquez-J��uregui, E., Walker, J. M. G., Walker, M., Wang, J., Wasalski, O., Waterfield, J., Weigand, J. J., White, R. F., Wilson, J. R., Winchester, T. J., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zhao, T., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Gamma ray, Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Orders of magnitude (time), Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Bound state, Neutron, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, QC
Abstract: This paper reports results from a search for nucleon decay through 'invisible' modes, where no visible energy is directly deposited during the decay itself, during the initial water phase of SNO+. However, such decays within the oxygen nucleus would produce an excited daughter that would subsequently de-excite, often emitting detectable gamma rays. A search for such gamma rays yields limits of $2.5 \times 10^{29}$ y at 90% Bayesian credibility level (with a prior uniform in rate) for the partial lifetime of the neutron, and $3.6 \times 10^{29}$ y for the partial lifetime of the proton, the latter a 70% improvement on the previous limit from SNO. We also present partial lifetime limits for invisible dinucleon modes of $1.3\times 10^{28}$ y for $nn$, $2.6\times 10^{28}$ y for $pn$ and $4.7\times 10^{28}$ y for $pp$, an improvement over existing limits by close to three orders of magnitude for the latter two., Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures
Published: 2019

36. Measurement of the <math><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> solar neutrino flux in <math><mrow><mi>SNO</mi><mo>+</mo></mrow></math> with very low backgrounds

Author: Anderson, M., Andringa, S., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hernández-Hernández, J. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lane, R., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Mlejnek, M., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., O’Keeffe, H. M., Orebi Gann, G. D., Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Reichold, A., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tian, L., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Abstract: A measurement of the B8 solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector’s deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is 0.25−0.07+0.09 events/kt−day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is 1.03−0.12+0.13 events/kt−day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of 2.53−0.28+0.31(stat)−0.10+0.13(syst)×106 cm−2 s−1, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments.
Published: 2019

37. DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search

Author: DEAP Collaboration, Amaudruz, P. -A., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bonatt, J., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Chen, M., Chouinard, R., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., DiGioseffo, J., Duncan, F., Flower, T., Ford, R., Giampa, P., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Guliyev, E., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P., Jillings, C. J., Kuźniak, M., Lawson, I., Li, O., Liimatainen, P., Majewski, P., McDonald, A. B., McElroy, T., McFarlane, K., Monroe, J., Muir, A., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Palladino, K., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pollmann, T., Rau, W., Retière, F., Seeburn, N., Singhrao, K., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Sonley, T., Tang, J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Walding, J., and Ward, M.
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, WIMP, Dark matter, DEAP, FOS: Physical sciences, SNOLAB, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0103 physical sciences, Dark Matter, low radioactivity techniques, Sensitivity (control systems), 010306 general physics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, ultra-low backgrounds, Detector, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), liquid argon, underground physics, Weakly interacting massive particles, liquid noble gas detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Nucleon, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is located 2 km underground at SNOLAB, in Sudbury, Ontario. It is a single-phase detector that searches for dark matter particle interactions within a 1000-kg fiducial mass target of liquid argon. A first generation prototype detector (DEAP-1) with a 7-kg liquid argon target mass demonstrated a high level of pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) for reducing $\beta$/$\gamma$ backgrounds and helped to develop low radioactivity techniques to mitigate surface-related $\alpha$ backgrounds. Construction of the DEAP-3600 detector is nearly complete and commissioning is starting in 2014. The target sensitivity to spin-independent scattering of Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs) on nucleons of 10$^{-46}$ cm$^2$ will allow one order of magnitude improvement in sensitivity over current searches at 100 GeV WIMP mass. This paper presents an overview and status of the DEAP-3600 project and discusses plans for a future multi-tonne experiment, DEAP-50T., Comment: International Conference on High Energy Physics (ICHEP 2014), Valencia, 2014
Published: 2016

38. Measurement of the $^8$B Solar Neutrino Flux in SNO+ with Very Low Backgrounds

Author: Collaboration, The SNO+, Anderson, M., Andringa, S., Asahi, S., Askins, M., Auty, D. J., Barros, N., Bartlett, D., Barão, F., Bayes, R., Beier, E. W., Bialek, A., Biller, S. D., Blucher, E., Bonventre, R., Boulay, M., Caden, E., Callaghan, E. J., Caravaca, J., Chauhan, D., Chen, M., Chkvorets, O., Cleveland, B., Connors, C., Coulter, I. T., Depatie, M. M., Di Lodovico, F., Duncan, F., Dunger, J., Falk, E., Fischer, V., Fletcher, E., Ford, R., Gagnon, N., Gilje, K., Grant, C., Grove, J., Hallin, A. L., Hallman, D., Hans, S., Hartnell, J., Heintzelman, W. J., Helmer, R. L., Hernández-Hernández, J. L., Hreljac, B., Hu, J., Inácio, A. S., Jillings, C. J., Kaptanoglu, T., Khaghani, P., Klein, J. R., Knapik, R., Kormos, L. L., Krar, B., Kraus, C., Krauss, C. B., Kroupova, T., Lam, I., Land, B. J., Lane, R., LaTorre, A., Lawson, I., Lebanowski, L., Leming, E. J., Li, A., Lidgard, J., Liggins, B., Liu, Y., Lozza, V., Luo, M., Maguire, S., Maio, A., Manecki, S., Maneira, J., Martin, R. D., Marzec, E., Mastbaum, A., McCauley, N., McDonald, A. B., Mekarski, P., Meyer, M., Mlejnek, M., Morton-Blake, I., Nae, S., Nirkko, M., O'Keeffe, H. M., Gann, G. D. Orebi, Parnell, M. J., Paton, J., Peeters, S. J. M., Pershing, T., Pickard, L., Pracsovics, D., Prior, G., Reichold, A., Richardson, R., Rigan, M., Rose, J., Rosero, R., Rumleskie, J., Semenec, I., Singh, K., Skensved, P., Stringer, M. I., Svoboda, R., Tam, B., Tian, L., Tseng, J., Turner, E., Van Berg, R., Veinot, J. G. C., Virtue, C. J., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Wang, J., Weigand, J. J., Wilson, J. R., Woosaree, P., Wright, A., Yanez, J. P., Yeh, M., Zuber, K., and Zummo, A.
Subjects: High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A measurement of the $^8$B solar neutrino flux has been made using a 69.2 kt-day dataset acquired with the SNO+ detector during its water commissioning phase. At energies above 6 MeV the dataset is an extremely pure sample of solar neutrino elastic scattering events, owing primarily to the detector's deep location, allowing an accurate measurement with relatively little exposure. In that energy region the best fit background rate is $0.25^{+0.09}_{-0.07}$ events/kt-day, significantly lower than the measured solar neutrino event rate in that energy range, which is $1.03^{+0.13}_{-0.12}$ events/kt-day. Also using data below this threshold, down to 5 MeV, fits of the solar neutrino event direction yielded an observed flux of $2.53^{+0.31}_{-0.28}$(stat.)$^{+0.13}_{-0.10}$(syst.)$\times10^6$ cm$^{-2}$s$^{-1}$, assuming no neutrino oscillations. This rate is consistent with matter enhanced neutrino oscillations and measurements from other experiments., Comment: 7 pages, 4 figures
Published: 2018
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39. Search for correlated high energy cosmic ray events with CHICOS

Author: Carlson, B E, primary, Brobeck, E, additional, Jillings, C J, additional, Larson, M B, additional, Lynn, T W, additional, McKeown, R D, additional, Hill, James E, additional, Falkowski, B J, additional, Seki, R, additional, Sepikas, J, additional, and Yodh, G B, additional
Published: 2005
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40. THE DEAP-CLEAN 3600 KG LIQUID-ARGON DETECTOR.

Author: JILLINGS, C. J.
Subjects: LIQUID argon, DETECTORS, NEUTRINOS, LIQUID scintillators, PARTICLE physics
Published: 2009

41. The photomultiplier tube testing facility for the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory

Author: Jillings, C. J., Ford, R. J., Hallin, A. L., Harvey, P. J., MacLeod, R. W., Mak, H. B., Skensved, P., and Stevenson, R. L.
Published: 1996
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42. The DEAP-3600 Experiment

Author: Stringer, M., Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Alpízar-Venegas, M., Auty, D. J., Benmansour, H., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Matteo Cadeddu, Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., Delgobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Ellingwood, E., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Leonhardt, A., Levashko, N., Li, X., Lissia, M., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Mirasola, L., Monroe, J., Oliviéro, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Perry, M., Pesudo, V., Picciau, E., Piro, M. -C, Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Rodríguez-García, I., Roszkowski, L., Ruhland, J. B., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seth, S., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.

43. The liquid-argon scintillation pulseshape in DEAP-3600

Author: N. J. T. Smith, V. Strickland, M. Batygov, B. Lehnert, J. B. McLaughlin, K. Dering, I. N. Machulin, P. Garcia Abia, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, D. Goeldi, C. Ng, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Skensved, D. Gallacher, Jocelyn Monroe, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, F. La Zia, M. Kuźniak, C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Fiorillo, Stefano Cavuoti, T. Sánchez-Pastor, Mark Guy Boulay, P. Pasuthip, C. Hearns, F. Retiere, C. J. Jillings, C. Ouellet, C. Nantais, B. Smith, Bei Cai, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, O. Kamaev, M. C. Piro, C. Stone, N. Levashko, A. Butcher, S. Westerdale, Darren Grant, P. Giampa, F. A. Duncan, B. Broerman, B. Beltran, N. Seeburn, O. Litvinov, P. Nadeau, A. Joy, X. Li, Monica Dunford, T. Sonley, S. Viel, A. L. Hallin, V. Pesudo, S. J. M. Peeters, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ford, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, Giuseppe Longo, J. Walding, P. Majewski, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Ajaj, R. Mehdiyev, A. Ilyasov, S. Langrock, P. Gorel, B. T. Cleveland, Martin Ward, C. Mielnichuk, Bhaskar Sur, C. E. Bina, G. R. Araujo, P. J. Harvey, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, S. J. Daugherty, A. Erlandson, J. Willis, Luca Doria, S. Pal, S. Garg, E. T. Rand, V. V. Golovko, T. McGinn, T. McElroy, R. Stainforth, P. Di Stefano, A. Grobov, K. Graham, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, A. Flower, M. Stringer, A. J. Noble, G. Oliviéro, M. Hamstra, R. Gagnon, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S. J., Di Stefano, P., Dering, K., Doria, L., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., Garcés, E. A., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Oliviéro, G., Ouellet, C., Pal, S., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Sánchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Photomultiplier, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, lcsh:Astrophysics, Scintillator, Wavelength shifter, 01 natural sciences, Particle detector, DEAP, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:QB460-466, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, Engineering (miscellaneous), Physics, Scintillation, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Scintillation counter, lcsh:QC770-798, business
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a liquid-argon scintillation detector looking for dark matter. Scintillation events in the liquid argon (LAr) are registered by 255 photomultiplier tubes (PMTs), and pulseshape discrimination (PSD) is used to suppress electromagnetic background events. The excellent PSD performance of LAr makes it a viable target for dark matter searches, and the LAr scintillation pulseshape discussed here is the basis of PSD. The observed pulseshape is a combination of LAr scintillation physics with detector effects. We present a model for the pulseshape of electromagnetic background events in the energy region of interest for dark matter searches. The model is composed of (a) LAr scintillation physics, including the so-called intermediate component, (b) the time response of the TPB wavelength shifter, including delayed TPB emission at $${\mathcal {O}}$$O(ms) time-scales, and c) PMT response. TPB is the wavelength shifter of choice in most LAr detectors. We find that approximately 10% of the intensity of the wavelength-shifted light is in a long-lived state of TPB. This causes light from an event to spill into subsequent events to an extent not usually accounted for in the design and data analysis of LAr-based detectors.
Published: 2020

44. Constraints on dark matter-nucleon effective couplings in the presence of kinematically distinct halo substructures using the DEAP-3600 detector

Author: Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, G. Oliviéro, Luca Doria, M. G. Boulay, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, R. Stainforth, Stefano Cavuoti, Bei Cai, O. Litvinov, P. Gorel, M. C. Piro, Monica Dunford, O. Kamaev, F. Retiere, S. Viel, P. Skensved, Xiujiang Li, C. Rethmeier, S. S. Farahani, I. Kochanek, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, C. Jillings, T. Hugues, N. J. T. Smith, D. Gallacher, C. E. Bina, C. Mielnichuk, M. Cadeddu, S. Westerdale, Bhaskar Sur, S. Langrock, J. B. McLaughlin, M. Hamstra, T. Pollmann, P. DelGobbo, S. Garg, M. Kuźniak, V. Pesudo, T. Sonley, B. Jigmeddorj, Jocelyn Monroe, David A. Sinclair, Leszek Roszkowski, A. C. Vincent, S. J. M. Peeters, G. Fiorillo, W. Bonivento, J. Walding, R. Santorelli, J. M. Corning, P. Giampa, T. Sánchez-Pastor, B. C. Smith, A. Ilyasov, D. J. Auty, I. N. Machulin, M. Lai, M. Stringer, A. B. McDonald, N. Fatemighomi, R. Ajaj, P. Adhikari, E. Sanchez Garcia, A. Erlandson, Martin Ward, Giuseppe Longo, E. T. Rand, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, P. Garcia Abia, S. Pal, A. Joy, J. Willis, B. Lehnert, N. Levashko, A. L. Hallin, B. T. Cleveland, M. Waqar, E. A. Garcés, A. Grobov, K. Graham, I. Rodríguez-García, S. J. Daugherty, Y. Chen, D. Goeldi, T. McElroy, P. Di Stefano, Adhikari, P., Ajaj, R., Auty, D. J., Bina, C. E., Bonivento, W., Boulay, M. G., Cadeddu, M., Cai, B., Cardenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Corning, J. M., Daugherty, S., Delgobbo, P., Di Stefano, P., Doria, L., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Farahani, S. S., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Gallacher, D., Garces, E. A., Abia, P. Garcia, Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grobov, A., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Hugues, T., Ilyasov, A., Joy, A., Jigmeddorj, B., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I, Kuzniak, M., Lai, M., Langrock, S., Lehnert, B., Levashko, N., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Machulin, I, Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Oliviero, G., Pal, S., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V, Piro, M-C, Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retiere, F., Rodriguez-Garcia, I, Roszkowski, L., Sanchez Garcia, E., Sanchez-Pastor, T., Santorelli, R., Sinclair, D., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stringer, M., Sur, B., Vazquez-Jauregui, E., Viel, S., Vincent, A. C., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuniga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Physics, Particle physics, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), Isovector, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Isoscalar, Dark matter, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Dark matter halo, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Weakly interacting massive particles, Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), 0103 physical sciences, Effective field theory, Halo, 010306 general physics, Magnetic dipole, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract: DEAP-3600 is a single-phase liquid argon detector aiming to directly detect Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), located at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada). After analyzing data taken during the first year of operation, a null result was used to place an upper bound on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent, isoscalar cross section. This study reinterprets this result within a Non-Relativistic Effective Field Theory framework, and further examines how various possible substructures in the local dark matter halo may affect these constraints. Such substructures are hinted at by kinematic structures in the local stellar distribution observed by the Gaia satellite and other recent astronomical surveys. These include the Gaia Sausage (or Enceladus), as well as a number of distinct streams identified in recent studies. Limits are presented for the coupling strength of the effective contact interaction operators $\mathcal{O}_1$, $\mathcal{O}_3$, $\mathcal{O}_5$, $\mathcal{O}_8$, and $\mathcal{O}_{11}$, considering isoscalar, isovector, and xenonphobic scenarios, as well as the specific operators corresponding to millicharge, magnetic dipole, electric dipole, and anapole interactions. The effects of halo substructures on each of these operators are explored as well, showing that the $\mathcal{O}_5$ and $\mathcal{O}_8$ operators are particularly sensitive to the velocity distribution, even at dark matter masses above 100 GeV/$c^2$.
Published: 2020

45. Electromagnetic backgrounds and potassium-42 activity in the DEAP-3600 dark matter detector

Author: C. Rethmeier, Laurelle Maria Veloce, C. Jillings, C. E. Bina, S. Langrock, T. Sonley, C. M. Nantais, Stefano Cavuoti, Peter Majewski, M. C. Piro, V. V. Golovko, K. Graham, N. J. T. Smith, O. Litvinov, P. Skensved, J. B. McLaughlin, Darren Grant, E. Sanchez Garcia, P. Nadeau, O. Kamaev, I. Kochanek, M. G. Boulay, Min Chen, Martin Ward, D. Gallacher, R. J. Ford, J. Lock, A. Zuñiga-Reyes, F. La Zia, N. Fatemighomi, Giuseppe Longo, T. McGinn, S. Viel, A. B. McDonald, Y. Chen, M. Hamstra, P. J. Harvey, A. Erlandson, D. Goeldi, B. Lehnert, V. Pesudo, N. Seeburn, V. Strickland, E. T. Rand, S. Garg, R. Gagnon, K. Dering, C. Mielnichuk, R. Santorelli, Bhaskar Sur, P. Pasuthip, T. McElroy, A. J. Noble, P. Gorel, Xiujiang Li, S. J. M. Peeters, R. Ajaj, B. Beltran, A. Flower, C. Ng, Jocelyn Monroe, A. Joy, J. Walding, M. Waqar, A. Kemp, G. Kaur, J. Willis, M. Batygov, C. Hearns, T. Pollmann, J. F. Bueno, G. R. Araujo, R. Mehdiyev, A. L. Hallin, G. Fiorillo, B. T. Cleveland, F. Retiere, Miguel Cárdenas-Montes, B. C. Smith, M. Kuźniak, C. Stone, S. Westerdale, F. A. Duncan, R. Stainforth, B. Broerman, A. Butcher, Bei Cai, C. Ouellet, M. Dunford, E. Vázquez-Jáuregui, P. M. Burghardt, P. Giampa, P. Garcia Abia, Ajaj, R., Araujo, G. R., Batygov, M., Beltran, B., Bina, C. E., Boulay, M. G., Broerman, B., Bueno, J. F., Burghardt, P. M., Butcher, A., Cai, B., Cárdenas-Montes, M., Cavuoti, S., Chen, M., Chen, Y., Cleveland, B. T., Dering, K., Duncan, F. A., Dunford, M., Erlandson, A., Fatemighomi, N., Fiorillo, G., Flower, A., Ford, R. J., Gagnon, R., Gallacher, D., García Abia, P., Garg, S., Giampa, P., Goeldi, D., Golovko, V. V., Gorel, P., Graham, K., Grant, D. R., Hallin, A. L., Hamstra, M., Harvey, P. J., Hearns, C., Joy, A., Jillings, C. J., Kamaev, O., Kaur, G., Kemp, A., Kochanek, I., Kuźniak, M., Langrock, S., La Zia, F., Lehnert, B., Li, X., Litvinov, O., Lock, J., Longo, G., Majewski, P., Mcdonald, A. B., Mcelroy, T., Mcginn, T., Mclaughlin, J. B., Mehdiyev, R., Mielnichuk, C., Monroe, J., Nadeau, P., Nantais, C., Ng, C., Noble, A. J., Ouellet, C., Pasuthip, P., Peeters, S. J. M., Pesudo, V., Piro, M. -C., Pollmann, T. R., Rand, E. T., Rethmeier, C., Retière, F., Sanchez García, E., Santorelli, R., Seeburn, N., Skensved, P., Smith, B., Smith, N. J. T., Sonley, T., Stainforth, R., Stone, C., Strickland, V., Sur, B., Vázquez-Jáuregui, E., Veloce, L., Viel, S., Walding, J., Waqar, M., Ward, M., Westerdale, S., Willis, J., and Zuñiga-Reyes, A.
Subjects: Dark matter, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, nucl-ex, 01 natural sciences, Atomic, DEAP, Particle and Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Single phase, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, QC, Prior information, Physics, Quantum Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Molecular, Nuclear & Particles Physics, Liquid argon, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomical and Space Sciences, astro-ph.IM
Abstract: Author(s): Ajaj, R; Araujo, GR; Batygov, M; Beltran, B; Bina, CE; Boulay, MG; Broerman, B; Bueno, JF; Burghardt, PM; Butcher, A; Cai, B; Cardenas-Montes, M; Cavuoti, S; Chen, M; Chen, Y; Cleveland, BT; Dering, K; Duncan, FA; Dunford, M; Erlandson, A; Fatemighomi, N; Fiorillo, G; Flower, A; Ford, RJ; Gagnon, R; Gallacher, D; Garcia Abia, P; Garg, S; Giampa, P; Goeldi, D; Golovko, VV; Gorel, P; Graham, K; Grant, DR; Hallin, AL; Hamstra, M; Harvey, PJ; Hearns, C; Joy, A; Jillings, CJ; Kamaev, O; Kaur, G; Kemp, A; Kochanek, I; Kuźniak, M; Langrock, S; La Zia, F; Lehnert, B; Li, X; Litvinov, O; Lock, J; Longo, G; Majewski, P; McDonald, AB; McElroy, T; McGinn, T; McLaughlin, JB; Mehdiyev, R; Mielnichuk, C; Monroe, J; Nadeau, P; Nantais, C; Ng, C; Noble, AJ; Ouellet, C; Pasuthip, P; Peeters, SJM; Pesudo, V; Piro, MC; Pollmann, TR; Rand, ET; Rethmeier, C; Retiere, F; Sanchez Garcia, E; Santorelli, R; Seeburn, N; Skensved, P; Smith, B; Smith, NJT; Sonley, T; Stainforth, R; Stone, C; Strickland, V; Sur, B; Vazquez-Jauregui, E | Abstract: The DEAP-3600 experiment is searching for weakly interacting massive particles dark matter with a 3.3 ×103 kg single phase liquid argon (LAr) target, located 2.1 km underground at SNOLAB. The experimental signature of dark matter interactions is kilo electron volt-scale Ar40 nuclear recoils producing 128 nm LAr scintillation photons observed by photomultiplier tubes. The largest backgrounds in DEAP-3600 are electronic recoils (ERs) induced by β and γ rays originating from internal and external radioactivity in the detector material. A background model of the ER interactions in DEAP-3600 was developed and is described in this work. The model is based on several components which are expected from radioisotopes in the LAr, from ex situ material assay measurements, and from dedicated independent in situ analyses. This prior information is used in a Bayesian fit of the ER components to a 247.2 d dataset to model the radioactivity in the surrounding detector materials. Pulse-shape discrimination separates ER and NR events. However, detailed knowledge of the ER background and activity of detector components sets valuable constraints on NR backgrounds including neutrons and alphas. In addition, the activity of Ar42 in LAr in DEAP-3600 is determined by measuring the daughter decay of K42. This cosmogenically activated trace isotope is a relevant background at higher energies for other rare event searches using atmospheric argon, e.g., DarkSide-20k, GERDA, or LEGEND. The specific activity of Ar42 in the atmosphere is found to be 40.4±5.9 μBq/kg of argon.
Published: 2019

46. Evidence of Antineutrinos from Distant Reactors Using Pure Water at SNO.

Author: Allega A, Anderson MR, Andringa S, Antunes J, Askins M, Auty DJ, Bacon A, Barros N, Barão F, Bayes R, Beier EW, Bezerra TS, Bialek A, Biller SD, Blucher E, Caden E, Callaghan EJ, Cheng S, Chen M, Cleveland B, Cookman D, Corning J, Cox MA, Dehghani R, Deloye J, Deluce C, Depatie MM, Dittmer J, Dixon KH, Di Lodovico F, Falk E, Fatemighomi N, Ford R, Frankiewicz K, Gaur A, González-Reina OI, Gooding D, Grant C, Grove J, Hallin AL, Hallman D, Heintzelman WJ, Helmer RL, Hu J, Hunt-Stokes R, Hussain SMA, Inácio AS, Jillings CJ, Kaluzienski S, Kaptanoglu T, Khaghani P, Khan H, Klein JR, Kormos LL, Krar B, Kraus C, Krauss CB, Kroupová T, Lam I, Land BJ, Lawson I, Lebanowski L, Lee J, Lefebvre C, Lidgard J, Lin YH, Lozza V, Luo M, Maio A, Manecki S, Maneira J, Martin RD, McCauley N, McDonald AB, Mills C, Morton-Blake I, Naugle S, Nolan LJ, O'Keeffe HM, Orebi Gann GD, Page J, Parker W, Paton J, Peeters SJM, Pickard L, Ravi P, Reichold A, Riccetto S, Richardson R, Rigan M, Rose J, Rosero R, Rumleskie J, Semenec I, Skensved P, Smiley M, Svoboda R, Tam B, Tseng J, Turner E, Valder S, Virtue CJ, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Wang J, Ward M, Wilson JR, Wilson JD, Wright A, Yanez JP, Yang S, Yeh M, Yu S, Zhang Y, Zuber K, and Zummo A
Abstract: The SNO+ Collaboration reports the first evidence of reactor antineutrinos in a Cherenkov detector. The nearest nuclear reactors are located 240 km away in Ontario, Canada. This analysis uses events with energies lower than in any previous analysis with a large water Cherenkov detector. Two analytical methods are used to distinguish reactor antineutrinos from background events in 190 days of data and yield consistent evidence for antineutrinos with a combined significance of 3.5σ.
Published: 2023
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47. First Direct Detection Constraints on Planck-Scale Mass Dark Matter with Multiple-Scatter Signatures Using the DEAP-3600 Detector.

Author: Adhikari P, Ajaj R, Alpízar-Venegas M, Auty DJ, Benmansour H, Bina CE, Bonivento W, Boulay MG, Cadeddu M, Cai B, Cárdenas-Montes M, Cavuoti S, Chen Y, Cleveland BT, Corning JM, Daugherty S, DelGobbo P, Di Stefano P, Doria L, Dunford M, Ellingwood E, Erlandson A, Farahani SS, Fatemighomi N, Fiorillo G, Gallacher D, García Abia P, Garg S, Giampa P, Goeldi D, Gorel P, Graham K, Grobov A, Hallin AL, Hamstra M, Hugues T, Ilyasov A, Joy A, Jigmeddorj B, Jillings CJ, Kamaev O, Kaur G, Kemp A, Kochanek I, Kuźniak M, Lai M, Langrock S, Lehnert B, Leonhardt A, Levashko N, Li X, Lissia M, Litvinov O, Lock J, Longo G, Machulin I, McDonald AB, McElroy T, McLaughlin JB, Mielnichuk C, Mirasola L, Monroe J, Oliviéro G, Pal S, Peeters SJM, Perry M, Pesudo V, Picciau E, Piro MC, Pollmann TR, Raj N, Rand ET, Rethmeier C, Retière F, Rodríguez-García I, Roszkowski L, Ruhland JB, Sanchez García E, Sánchez-Pastor T, Santorelli R, Seth S, Sinclair D, Skensved P, Smith B, Smith NJT, Sonley T, Stainforth R, Stringer M, Sur B, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Viel S, Walding J, Waqar M, Ward M, Westerdale S, Willis J, and Zuñiga-Reyes A
Abstract: Dark matter with Planck-scale mass (≃10^{19} GeV/c^{2}) arises in well-motivated theories and could be produced by several cosmological mechanisms. A search for multiscatter signals from supermassive dark matter was performed with a blind analysis of data collected over a 813 d live time with DEAP-3600, a 3.3 t single-phase liquid argon-based detector at SNOLAB. No candidate signals were observed, leading to the first direct detection constraints on Planck-scale mass dark matter. Leading limits constrain dark matter masses between 8.3×10^{6} and 1.2×10^{19} GeV/c^{2}, and ^{40}Ar-scattering cross sections between 1.0×10^{-23} and 2.4×10^{-18} cm^{2}. These results are interpreted as constraints on composite dark matter models with two different nucleon-to-nuclear cross section scalings.
Published: 2022
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48. First Results from the DEAP-3600 Dark Matter Search with Argon at SNOLAB.

Author: Amaudruz PA, Baldwin M, Batygov M, Beltran B, Bina CE, Bishop D, Bonatt J, Boorman G, Boulay MG, Broerman B, Bromwich T, Bueno JF, Burghardt PM, Butcher A, Cai B, Chan S, Chen M, Chouinard R, Cleveland BT, Cranshaw D, Dering K, DiGioseffo J, Dittmeier S, Duncan FA, Dunford M, Erlandson A, Fatemighomi N, Florian S, Flower A, Ford RJ, Gagnon R, Giampa P, Golovko VV, Gorel P, Gornea R, Grace E, Graham K, Gulyev E, Hakobyan R, Hall A, Hallin AL, Hamstra M, Harvey PJ, Hearns C, Jillings CJ, Kamaev O, Kemp A, Kuźniak M, Langrock S, La Zia F, Lehnert B, Lidgard JJ, Lim C, Lindner T, Linn Y, Liu S, Majewski P, Mathew R, McDonald AB, McElroy T, McGinn T, McLaughlin JB, Mead S, Mehdiyev R, Mielnichuk C, Monroe J, Muir A, Nadeau P, Nantais C, Ng C, Noble AJ, O'Dwyer E, Ohlmann C, Olchanski K, Olsen KS, Ouellet C, Pasuthip P, Peeters SJM, Pollmann TR, Rand ET, Rau W, Rethmeier C, Retière F, Seeburn N, Shaw B, Singhrao K, Skensved P, Smith B, Smith NJT, Sonley T, Soukup J, Stainforth R, Stone C, Strickland V, Sur B, Tang J, Taylor J, Veloce L, Vázquez-Jáuregui E, Walding J, Ward M, Westerdale S, Woolsey E, and Zielinski J
Abstract: This Letter reports the first results of a direct dark matter search with the DEAP-3600 single-phase liquid argon (LAr) detector. The experiment was performed 2 km underground at SNOLAB (Sudbury, Canada) utilizing a large target mass, with the LAr target contained in a spherical acrylic vessel of 3600 kg capacity. The LAr is viewed by an array of PMTs, which would register scintillation light produced by rare nuclear recoil signals induced by dark matter particle scattering. An analysis of 4.44 live days (fiducial exposure of 9.87 ton day) of data taken during the initial filling phase demonstrates the best electronic recoil rejection using pulse-shape discrimination in argon, with leakage <1.2×10^{-7} (90% C.L.) between 15 and 31 keV_{ee}. No candidate signal events are observed, which results in the leading limit on weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP)-nucleon spin-independent cross section on argon, <1.2×10^{-44} cm^{2} for a 100 GeV/c^{2} WIMP mass (90% C.L.).
Published: 2018
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