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The purpose of the Canadian Anesthesia Research Priority Setting Partnership (CAR PSP) was to identify a top ten list of shared priorities for research in anesthesia and perioperative care in Canada.We used the methods of the James Lind Alliance to involve patients, caregivers, healthcare professionals, and researchers in determining the research priorities in Canada. In a first survey, participants submitted questions that they want research to answer about anesthesia and perioperative care. We summarized those responses into a longlist of questions. We reviewed the literature to see if any of those questions were already answered. In a second survey, participants chose up to ten questions from the longlist that they thought were most important to be answered with research. From that list, the highest ranking questions were discussed and assigned a final rank at an in-person workshop.A total of 254 participants submitted 574 research suggestions that were then summarized into 49 questions. Those questions were checked against the literature to be sure they were not already adequately addressed, and in a second survey of those 49 questions, participants chose up to 10 that they thought were most important. A total of 233 participants submitted their priorities, which were then used to choose 24 questions for discussion at the final workshop. At the final workshop, 22 participants agreed on a top ten list of priorities.The CAR PSP top ten priorities reflect a wide variety of priorities captured by a broad spectrum of Canadians who receive and provide anesthesia care. The priorities are a tool to initiate and guide patient-oriented research in anesthesia and perioperative care.RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: L’objectif du Partenariat canadien pour l’établissement des priorités de la recherche en anesthésie (CAR-PSP) était d’établir une liste des dix principales priorités pour la recherche sur les soins anesthésiques et périopératoires au Canada. MéTHODES: Nous avons utilisé la méthodologie de la James Lind Alliance pour impliquer des patients, des aidants, des professionnels de la santé et des chercheurs afin de déterminer quelles étaient les priorités en matière de recherche au Canada. Dans une première enquête, les participants ont envoyé des questions sur les soins anesthésiques et périopératoires auxquelles ils voulaient que la recherche réponde. Nous avons résumé ces envois par une liste exhaustive de questions. Nous avons passé en revue les publications pour voir s’il existait déjà des réponses à ces questions. Dans une deuxième étude, les participants ont choisi dans la liste jusqu’à dix questions qui leur semblaient les plus importantes et pour lesquelles la recherche devrait fournir des réponses. À partir de cette liste, les questions les mieux classées ont été discutées et un classement définitif leur a été attribué au cours d’un atelier où tous les participants étaient présents en personne. RéSULTATS: Au total, 254 participants ont envoyé 574 suggestions de recherche qui ont été résumées en 49 questions. La littérature a été examinée pour s’assurer que ces questions n’avaient pas déjà reçu des réponses adéquates, et dans une seconde étude, les participants ont choisi jusqu’à 10 questions qu’ils jugeaient les plus importantes parmi ces 49 questions. Au total, 233 participants ont communiqué leurs priorités qui ont alors servi à choisir 24 questions ouvertes pour la discussion dans un atelier final. Dans cet atelier, 22 participants se sont mis d’accord sur une liste des dix principales priorités. CONCLUSION: Les dix principales priorités du CAR-PSP sont le reflet d’un grand éventail de priorités venant de Canadiens de tous horizons qui reçoivent ou fournissent des soins d’anesthésie. Ces priorités sont un outil permettant d’entamer et de guider une recherche axée sur le patient dans le domaine des soins anesthésiques et périopératoires.

Radiologists may be the first to suggest the diagnosis of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). PRES is associated with many diverse clinical entities, the most common of which are eclampsia, hypertension, and immunosuppressive treatment. Radiologists should be aware of the spectrum of imaging findings in PRES. When promptly recognized and treated, the symptoms and radiological abnormalities can be completely reversed. When unrecognized, patients can progress to ischemia, massive infarction, and death. In this review, we present an overview of the unique signs observed on computed tomography and magnetic resonance images in PRES that can help in the early diagnosis and treatment that is highly effective in this syndrome.

Objective The term anterior communicating (ACom) aneurysm is often broadly used to classify any aneurysm formed on the A1-A2 junction, A1, A2, or ACom arteries. Aneurysm location has been associated with rupture risk, so whether an aneurysm is truly formed on the ACom artery can critically affect treatment decisions. The aim of this study was to reclassify broadly termed ACom aneurysms into 4 subgroups (A1, A2, true ACom, and A1-A2 junction) based on their location. Methods A retrospective, pilot study was conducted to identify all consecutive patients with ACom aneurysm managed over the past 4 years in a single center. Using computed tomography angiography, aneurysms were classified into 1 of the 4 subgroups. Additional information was collected on patient demographics, subarachnoid hemorrhages, projections of aneurysm dome, and aneurysm diameter. Results A total of 48 aneurysms with available computed tomography angiography imaging were included in the final analysis. The reclassification of ACom aneurysms into subgroups resulted in 40 A1-A2 junction, 6 true ACom, 2 A2, and zero A1 aneurysms. A total of 100% versus 80% of true ACom and A1-A2 junction aneurysms ruptured, respectively. All elective coiling procedures were performed on unruptured A1-A2 junction aneurysms. Conclusions We found only 13% of the aneurysms initially referred to as ACom to be true ACom aneurysms. A more nuanced approach to ACom aneurysm classification may better guide management strategies.

In the legal literature, “privity” refers to the link between a minority's current social, psychological, and economic problems and its previous mistreatment by the government. Scholars speculate that judgments of privity underlie support for redress for historical injustices. There is no gold standard for evaluating privity, however, and its assessment is susceptible to personal and situational influences. We conducted three studies to examine how liberal-conservative ideology interacts with group membership to predict judgments of privity and support for redress. This research is the first to examine the combined effects of liberal-conservative ideology and group membership among respondents who belong to previously victimized minorities. Across both actual and hypothetical injustices, increasing conservatism was inversely related to judgments of privity, except when respondents were members of the victimized group. Victimized group members claimed privity regardless of ideology. The effects on support for reparations paralleled those for privity with one exception involving African Americans (Study 2). We discuss the implications of the findings for understanding the nature of liberalism-conservatism. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The present research, consisting of three experiments, examined how different ways of representing the group identities of White and Black Americans affect Whites' recognition of discrimination against a Black person and their willingness to protest on behalf of that person. In Experiment 1 we predicted and found that inducing a common-group representation (as Americans), compared to a condition that emphasized separate racial-group identities, reduced Whites' recognition of subtle discrimination. This pattern was reversed under external threat. In Experiment 2, common identity reduced recognition of discrimination that was subtle, but not blatant. In addition, although a common-group identity did not facilitate Whites' willingness to protest blatant discrimination in Experiments 2 and 3, in Experiment 3 inducing a dual identity, which emphasizes both subgroup differences and a common-group representation, did. We discuss the implications of the results for when common- and dual-identity representations foster action on behalf of a minority group.

Background The lunar cycle and seasons may be associated with rates of rupture of intracranial aneurysms, but the literature is mixed. Studies of the association between the lunar cycle and rates of aneurysm rupture used the eight qualitative moon phases. The purpose of this study was to assess any association of aneurysm rupture with the lunar cycle and with the season. Materials and methods We retrospectively reviewed all cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage secondary to ruptured intracranial aneurysm treated with endovascular coiling in our institution over a 10-year period. We included only cases with a known rupture date. We used the degree of illumination of the moon to quantitatively code the lunar cycle. Results A total of 212 cases were included in our analyses. The odds of aneurysm rupture were significantly greater ( p Conclusions The odds of aneurysm rupture were greater when the moon was least illuminated (new moon) and most illuminated (full moon), compared to the middle of the lunar cycle.

Comment on Marjanovic, Struthers, and Greenglass (2012). We build on the authors’ ideas, data, and interpretations to suggest future avenues for research, focusing on situations that hold potential for empathic concern to shape helping responses. Specifically, we suggest investigating the time course of reactions to natural disasters and the group membership of the victims as moderators. Additionally, we suggest that considering different forms of helping responses and their predictors can shed theoretical light on variables that promote helping following natural disasters.

Consumers are often strongly motivated to view themselves as part of a legitimate and fair external system. Our research focuses on how individuals adopt distinct ways of defending their system when it is threatened and, in particular, how this is revealed in their consumption choices. We find that although individuals differ in how confident they are in the legitimacy of their system, they do not differ in their motivation to defend the system when it is threatened. Instead, they simply adopt different methods of defense. Specifically, when an important system is (verbally) attacked, individuals who are the least confident in the legitimacy of the system seek and appreciate consumption choices that allow them to indirectly and subtly defend the system. Conversely, individuals who are highly confident in the system reject indirect opportunities of defense and seek consumption choices that allow them to defend the system in direct and explicit ways.

Three studies demonstrate how individual differences in confidence in the sociopolitical system interact with threats that engage the system justification motive to produce system defense. Following threat, participants low, but not high, in system confidence increasingly defended the system, by rejecting system change (Study 1) and preferring domestic over international products (Studies 2 and 3). These findings contribute to the literature on system justification theory in two ways: First, they expand scholars' understanding of when and for whom system-level threats instigate motivational processes of system defense, and, second, they demonstrate that the system justification motive is not merely another example of worldview verification phenomena but instead involves a specific goal to defend the status quo.

The purpose of this paper is to report different uses of endovascular Amplatzer vascular plug (AVP) treatment for rapid vessel occlusion in the field of interventional neuroradiology. We retrospectively reviewed our interventional neuroradiology database from November 2010 to July 2015 and found nine patients who were treated with endovascular AVP. AVP was used for rapid vessel occlusion of common carotid artery (1 patient), internal carotid artery (5 patients), vertebral artery (2 patients), and internal jugular vein (1 patient). A median of three AVPs were used with almost immediate occlusion and no thromboembolic complications. Use of AVP is feasible, safe, rapid, and potentially cost-effective method for rapid occlusion of larger size vessels in the head and neck region for different indications.

Both cognitive empathy (perspective taking) and emotional empathy (affective reactions to another person's need) are critical determinants of adult prosocial behavior. Empathy can elicit altruistically motivated helping, reflecting desire primarily to improve another person's welfare. In general, people experience more empathy and exhibit greater prosocial behavior toward others who are in greater need, are more similar to the potential helper, and are members of the helper's social group. Evoking cognitive or emotional empathy toward a member of another group not only promotes prosocial behavior, but also improves attitudes toward the other group as a whole.