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Background. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shengxuening combined with conventional iron supplementation in the treatment of anemia during pregnancy. Methods. Electronic searches of Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China Knowledge Network (CNKI), Wanfang database (Wanfang), and China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP) were conducted. A randomized controlled trial of Shengxuening combined with conventional iron supplements for the treatment of anemia in pregnancy was included. The quality of the included trials was assessed using the Cochrane Handbook's Risk of Bias Assessment Tool (version 5.1.0), and data analysis was performed using RevMan 5.4 software and Stata 15.0 statistical software. Results. A total of 150 studies were detected and 17 studies with a total of 1741 cases were finally included. Meta-analysis results showed that the effectiveness of Shengxuening combined with conventional iron supplementation was significantly better than that of conventional iron supplementation alone, and the adverse effects were significantly reduced compared with that of iron supplementation alone, and various anemia indicators such as Hb, RBC, MCV, and MCHC and iron metabolism indicators such as SI and TSAT were also significantly increased. Conclusion. The efficacy of the combination of Shengxuening and conventional iron supplementation in the treatment of anemia in pregnancy is better than that of conventional iron supplementation alone, and the adverse effects in the experimental group are much less than those in the control group, but the quality of the included studies is not high, and more high-quality randomized controlled trials are needed for further validation.

We used DFT to investigate the aspirin adsorption behavior onto the ZnO nanocage substrate. Almost all possible adsorption mechanisms and corresponding geometries of the aspirin drug over ZnO were studied. The findings indicate that the favorability of the process of adsorption via the –C = O side of the drug is more regarding the energy compared to the other sides of the drug. Located on the zinc atoms in the, the binding sites are eligible according to opposite charge-based interactions. It was found that the charge is transferred from the substrate to the adsorbate according to NBO analysis. The formation of physical bonds was verified by the projected density of states analysis. Furthermore, the AP-ZnO complex showed that the LUMO was mainly localized on the adsorbate species. On the contrary, we observed the highest electronic densities associated with HOMOs at the surface of the ZnO in the most energetically favorable configurations.

To investigate changes in the chemical composition of malts under different germination cycles and prepared with different processing methods, thus providing a reference for the clinical application of malt in disease treatment.Nine malt samples were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS), and the MS fragmentation pathway of 4 compounds (including hordenine, gramine, N-methyltyramine and catechin) were also analyzed.By database comparison and literature search, we detected 31 compounds in raw barley and 33 compounds in both raw malt and roasted malt. Nonetheless, the most of these 33 compounds were detected higher contents in raw malt than in roasted malt. Besides, we detected 15 compounds in brown malt. At Day1 of germination, 31 compounds were detected in malt, without two alkaloids (representative: hordenine). At Day2-5, 33 compounds were detected, with different contents as shown by the peak area comparison; hordenine had a gradually increasing abundance; and nearly one third of the chemical components in barley increased gradually, one third decreased gradually, and one third tended to be stable.Malts under different germination cycles and prepared with different processing methods have varying active ingredients, and especially brown malt exhibits a serious loss of compounds. The tight association between the chemical composition and clinical application of malt offers a basis to the clinically scientific and reasonable selection of Chinese medicinal materials for treatment purposes.

This study intends to assess CHOP abundance in lung cancer tissues and drug-resistant cell lines, and the mechanisms of miRNA 5100 on lung cancer drug-resistance chemoresistance. Tumor tissues were collected to detect CHOP levels by immunohistochemical staining and PCR. IC50 of cisplatin and other drugs was detected by MTT assay in A549 or A549/CDDP cells. miR-5100 was overexpressed or knocked down by miR-5100 mimics or inhibitor followed by analysis of CHOP and related proteins abundances by Western blot. A549 cells were injected into mice to establish a xenograft model which was treated with cisplatin followed by detecting tumor growth. CHOP abundance presented substantial level in non-cancerous lung tissues, while miR-5100 level was significantly reduced with negative correlation with CHOP in cancer samples. Low CHOP expression was associated with increased tumor grade and death. IC50 of all tested drugs particularly cisplatin was increased in A549/CDDP or H446/CDDP cells, accompanied by reduced CHOP, LC3-II, DR5 and TRB3 mRNA and protein levels. miR-5100 mimics or miR-5100 inhibitor reduced or elevated CHOP level, accompanied by significantly reduced or elevated LC3-II, DR5, TRB3 level and sensitivity to cisplatin respectively. In addition, miR-5100 overexpression did not affect tumor formation but blemished therapeutic effects of cisplatin and reduced CHOP abundance in vivo. miR-5100 could suppress CHOP expression and regulate drug resistance related genes, ultimately exacerbating chemotherapeutic resistance in lung cancer cells.

What is known and objective Since the December 2019 discovery of several cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) in Wuhan, China, the infection has spread worldwide. Our aim is to report on the clinical characteristics, treatments and prognoses of COVID‐19. Methods This was a retrospective, single‐centre, case series of 136 patients who were diagnosed with COVID‐19 at Wuhan Third Hospital in Wuhan, China, between 28 January 2020 and 12 February 2020. The clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, treatment features and prognoses were summarized. Results and discussion The 136 patients were divided into a moderate (M) group (n = 103, 75.7%) and a severe and critical (SC) group (n = 33, 24.3%). There were significant differences in the incidences of concomitant chronic medical illnesses (eg, hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular disease), fever, dry cough and dyspnoea among the two groups (P, Elderly patients with chronic diseases are more likely to develop severe or critical COVID‐19 with multiple organ damage or systemic injuries. The improvement of LYM and CRP may be associated with the prognoses of COVID‐19.

Skin computed tomography (CT) image based on improved marching cubes (MC) algorithm was explored to evaluate the therapeutic effect of internal administration of Liangxue Xiaoyin decoction combined with medicated bath in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. 712 patients with psoriasis vulgaris blood heat syndrome in hospital were recruited as the research object, which were randomly divided into observation group (TCM oral therapy combined with medicinal bath) and control group (TCM oral therapy), each with 356 cases. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI), pruritus degree, and clinical treatment effect were compared. The results showed that the reconstruction time of median method was greatly shorter, and the algorithm efficiency was improved by 40.6290%. After treatment, the psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) score of the observation group was 5.61 ± 1.15 , Δ PASI = 22.64 ± 2.15 . Δ PASI % = 80.14 % , which were greatly higher than the control group (( 9.41 + 1.56 ) points, Δ PASI = 18.84 + 1.65 points, Δ PASI % = 66.69 % ) ( P < 0.05 ). After treatment, the itching degree of the observation group was 3.03 ± 1.01 points, which was lower than that of the control group (( 3.71 ± 1.06 ) points), and the itching degree of the observation group was greater than that of the control group, with substantial difference ( P < 0.05 ). The total effective rate of observation group (88.76%) was higher than that of control group (71.07%) ( P < 0.05 ). Therefore, skin CT image based on the improved MC algorithm can evaluate the therapeutic effect of internal administration of Liangxue Xiaoyin decoction combined with medicated bath in the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. The internal administration of Liangxue Xiaoyin decoction combined with medicated bath had a good effect on the treatment of psoriasis vulgaris and was of certain clinical application value.

Malt is the mature fruit of Hordeum vulgare L. after germination and drying and has been applied for treatment female abnormal galactorrhea. Previous studies have showed total alkaloids in malt have anti-HPRL effect. However, total alkaloids of malt change with the growth cycle, and the specified levels of total alkaloids in different bud length of malt have not been decided. To determine the definitive level of total alkaloids in different buds of malt and the most suitable bud length for clinical application by comparing effects on hyperprolactinemia rat. During the budding of malt, the content of total alkaloids first increased and then decreased, and it peaked at a bud length of 0.75 cm. Treated the HPRL model rats with different buds of malt, the PRL level was decreased, the number of PRLpositive cells and the mRNA expression level in the pituitary were significantly declined, and the number of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the hypothalamus was increased. The above changes were most significant in 0.75 cm bud. These results suggest that in terms of the content of effective substance and the effects on HPRL model rats, a malt bud length of 0.75 cm is optimal for clinical application.

This study aimed to employ a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model to optimize the dosing regimen of voriconazole (VRC) in children with a critical illness. A total of 99 children aged from 0.44 to 13.58 years were included in this study. The stability and predictive performance of the final model were evaluated by statistical and graphical methods. The optimal dosing regimen was proposed for children with different body weights, CYP2C19 phenotypes, and coadministrations with omeprazole. The PK of VRC was described by a two-compartment model with nonlinear Michaelis-Menten elimination. Body weight, CYP2C19 phenotype, and omeprazole were significant covariates on the maximum velocity of elimination (V(max)), which had an estimated typical value of 18.13 mg · h(−1). Bayesian estimation suggested that the dose-normalized concentration and total exposure (peak concentration [C(max)]/D, trough concentration [C(min)]/D, and area under the concentration-time curve over 24 h [AUC(24)]/D) were significantly different between extensive metabolizer (EM) patients and poor metabolizer (PM) patients. To achieve the target concentration early, two loading doses of 9 mg · kg(−1) of body weight every 12 h (q12h) were reliable for most children, whereas three loading doses of 6 to 7.5 mg · kg(−1) q8h were warranted for young children weighing ≤18 kg (except for PM patients). The maintenance doses decreased about 30 to 40% in PM patients compared to that in EM patients. For children aged

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Barley maiya from gramineous plants (Hordeum vulgare L.) is obtained from ripe fruits through germination and drying. It is often used to treat diseases associated with high prolactin levels. Objective: To investigate the anti-hyperprolactinemia (anti-HPRL) mechanisms of total barley maiya alkaloids (TBMA) and hordenine. Methods: This experiment included 9 groups: Normal group, TBMA group, hordenine group, TBMA + haloperidol group, TBMA + forskolin group, TBMA + 8-bromo-cAMP group, hordenine + haloperidol group, hordenine + forskolin group, and hordenine + 8-bromo-cAMP group. The prolactin (PRL) concentration in the supernatant and the total cAMP concentration in the cells were detected by ELISA. The expression levels of PRL, dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) and cAMP/PKA/CREB protein were measured by Western Blot. Results: In the TBMA group and the hordenine group, the PRL level in MMQ cells was significantly decreased, but in GH3 cells there was no change. DRD2 expression level was markedly increased, cAMP concentration was decreased, and the activity of PKA and CREB declined in MMQ cells. Compared with the TBMA group, there was a significant decrease of DRD2 expression level, a remarkable increase of PRL secretion and an increase of cAMP/PKA/CREB expression in MMQ cells within the TBMA + haloperidol group. Compared with the forskolin group, there was no significant change in PRL secretion and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level in MMQ cells within the TBMA + forskolin group. There was a decrease in PRL secretion and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level in MMQ cells within the TBMA + 8-bromo-cAMP group compared with the 8-bromo-cAMP group. Compared with the hordenine group, DRD2 expression level was significantly decreased, PRL secretion was markedly increased, and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level was increased in MMQ cells within the hordenine + haloperidol group. There was no significant change in PRL secretion and cAMP/PKA/CREB expression level in MMQ cells within the hordenine + forskolin group compared with the forskolin group and within the hordenine + 8-bromo-cAMP group compared with the 8-bromo-cAMP group. Conclusion: TBMA and hordenine can both play an anti-HPRL role via DRD2, and TBMA can also act on PKA targets to exert its anti-HPRL effect. TBMA and hordenine may be potential treatment strategies for HPRL.

Hordenine is an active compound found in several foods, herbs and beer. In this work, a novel sorbent was fabricated for selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) of hordenine in biological samples. The organic polymer sorbent was synthesized in one step in the plastic barrel of a syringe by a pre-polymerization solution consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA), 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (VB) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The conditions for preparation were optimized to generate a poly(MAA-VB-EGMDA) monolith with good permeability. The monolith exhibited good enrichment efficiency towards hordenine. By using tyramine as the internal standard, a poly(MAA-VB-EGMDA)-based SPE-HPLC method was established for analysis of hordenine. Conditions for SPE, including volume of eluting solvent, pH of sample solution, sampling rate and sample volume, were optimized. The proposed SPE-HPLC method presented good linearity (R2 = 0.9992) within 10–2000 ng/mL and the detection limits was 3 ng/mL, which is significantly more sensitive than reported methods. The method was also applied in plasma and urine samples; good capability of removing matrices was observed, while hordenine in low content was well extracted and enriched. The recoveries were from 90.6 to 94.7% and from 89.3 to 91.5% for the spiked plasma and urine samples, respectively, with the relative standard deviations

To investigate the distribution of statin therapy correlated gene polymorphism allele CYP2D6*10 (C188T) in Ningxia Hui nationality and to discuss the relationship between the gene polymorphism allele CYP2D6*10 (C188T) and the lipid-lowering efficacy of simvastatin and hyperlipidemia.One hundred and fifty healthy people (80 males and 70 females) and 200 hyperlipidemia patients (105 males and 95 females) were recruited at Ningxia People's Hospital. Genotypes were determined by using allele-specific amplification (ASA-PCR) in 150 healthy controls and 200 patients with hyperlipidemia. Relationships between genotypes and lipid levels and the lipid-lowering efficacy of simvastatin were analyzed.The distribution frequency of the CYP2D6*10 allele was 47.6% in the Ningxia Hui nationality. There was no significant correlation between the CYP2D6*10 allele and hyperlipidemia. At 8 weeks after treatment with simvastatin, total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were more obviously decreased with the CC genotype than the CT and TT genotypes, with significant differences.Distribution of the gene polymorphism of CYP2D6*10 is ethnically and geographical different. The allele T of CYP2D6*10 is not related to hyperlipidemia. CC expression seemed to increase the lipid-lowering effects of simvastatin. The hyperlipidemia patients with CC genotype should take lower doses of simvastatin than those with CT/TT genotype in the Ningxia Hui population.

Hordenine is an active compound found in several foods, herbs and beer. In this work, a novel sorbent was fabricated for selective solid-phase extraction (SPE) of hordenine in biological samples. The organic polymer sorbent was synthesized in one step in the plastic barrel of a syringe by a pre-polymerization solution consisting of methacrylic acid (MAA), 4-vinylphenylboronic acid (VB) and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA). The conditions for preparation were optimized to generate a poly(MAA-VB-EGMDA) monolith with good permeability. The monolith exhibited good enrichment efficiency towards hordenine. By using tyramine as the internal standard, a poly(MAA-VB-EGMDA)-based SPE-HPLC method was established for analysis of hordenine. Conditions for SPE, including volume of eluting solvent, pH of sample solution, sampling rate and sample volume, were optimized. The proposed SPE-HPLC method presented good linearity (R(2) = 0.9992) within 10-2000 ng/mL and the detection limits was 3 ng/mL, which is significantly more sensitive than reported methods. The method was also applied in plasma and urine samples; good capability of removing matrices was observed, while hordenine in low content was well extracted and enriched. The recoveries were from 90.6 to 94.7% and from 89.3 to 91.5% for the spiked plasma and urine samples, respectively, with the relative standard deviations4.7%.

The study investigated the pharmacodynamism and mechanism of Chinese medicinal formula-Huiru Yizeng Yihao (NO.1 HRYZ) on the model rats of hyperpro-lactinemia and the model rats of hyperplasia of mammary gland (HMG), and studied the internal connection between hyperprolactinemia and HMG.. The hyperprolactinemia rat models were established by injecting metoclopramide dihydrochloride in the back of rats. The model rat of HMG was prepared by injecting estradiol in the thigh muscle of the rats and progesterone consecutively, while the tails of rats were clipped with tongs. Rats were treated with either NO.1 HRYZ or positive control drugs for four weeks. The concentrations of sex hormone in rat serum were examined using ELISA kits, and the morphology of mammary gland tissue in all group rats was observed with microscope. NO.1 HRYZ significantly decreased prolactin (PRL) and increased estradiol (E2), progesterone (P), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations of hyperprolactinemia rats. It decreased E2, PRL, FSH, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and increased P concentrations of HMG rat. It also eliminated hyperplasia of lobules and gland alveolus compared with the model group. Treatment with NO.1 HRYZ could significantly regulate the sex hormone disorder of hyperprolactinemia and HMG rat models, and could eliminate the formation of HMG. Hyperprolactinemia was closely correlated with HMG, and hyperprolactinemia promoted the formation of HMG.