39 results on '"Jilek, W."'
Search Results
2. Kulturspezifische psychische Störungen
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Jilek, W. G., Jilek-Aall, L., Helmchen, Hanfried, Henn, Fritz, Lauter, Hans, and Sartorius, Norman
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- 2000
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3. Vital Signs: Update on Zika Virus–Associated Birth Defects and Evaluation of All U.S. Infants with Congenital Zika Virus Exposure — U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry, 2016
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Reynolds, M. R., Jones, A. M., Petersen, E. E., Lee, E. H., Rice, M. E., Bingham, A., Ellington, S. R., Evert, N., Reagan-Steiner, S., Oduyebo, T., Brown, C. M., Martin, S., Ahmad, N., Bhatnagar, J., Macdonald, J., Gould, C., Fine, A. D., Polen, K. D., Lake-Burger, H., Hillard, C. L., Hall, N., Mahsa Yazdy, Slaughter, K., Sommer, J. N., Adamski, A., Raycraft, M., Fleck-Derderian, S., Gupta, J., Newsome, K., Baez-Santiago, M., Slavinski, S., White, J. L., Moore, C. A., Shapiro-Mendoza, C. K., Petersen, L., Boyle, C., Jamieson, D. J., Meaney-Delman, D., Honein, M. A., Adair, J., Ruberto, I., Haselow, D. T., Im, L., Jilek, W., Lehmann, M. S., Olney, R., Porse, C. C., Ramstrom, K. C., Sowunmi, S., Marzec, N. S., Davis, K., Esponda-Morrison, B., Zachariah Fraser, M., O’connor, C. A., Chung, W., Richardson, F., Sexton, T., Stocks, M. E., Woldai, S., Bundek, A. M., Zambri, J., Goldberg, C., Eisenstein, L., Jackson, J., Kopit, R., Logue, T., Mendoza, R., Feldpausch, A., Graham, T., Mann, S., Park, S. Y., Carter, K. K., Potts, E. J., Stevens, T., Simonson, S., Tonzel, J. L., Davis, S., Robinson, S., Hyun, J. K., Jenkins, E. M., Piccardi, M., Reid, L. D., Dunn, J. E., Higgins, C. A., Lin, A. E., Munshi, G. S., Sandhu, K., Scotland, S. J., Soliva, S., Copeland, G., Signs, K. A., Schiffman, E., Byers, P., Hand, S., Mulgrew, C. L., Hamik, J., Koirala, S., Ludwig, L. A., Fredette, C. R., Garafalo, K., Worthington, K., Ropri, A., Ade, J. N., Alaali, Z. S., Blog, D., Brunt, S. J., Bryant, P., Burns, A. E., Carson, K., Dupuis, A. P., Sullivan-Frohm, A., Griffin, J., Hidalgo, C., Lance, L. A., Many, P. S., Naizby, B. E., Polfleit, M. J., Rahman, T., Rem, T., Robbins, A. E., Rowlands, J. V., Seaver, C., Seward, K. A., Smith, L., Sohi, I., Wester, R. E., Bush, S., Dean, A. B., Demarest, V., Dufort, E. M., Furuya, A. M., Fuschino, M., Kulas, K. E., Lamson, D. M., Lee, W. T., Limberger, R., Marchewka, M. J., Popowich, M., St George, K., Wong, S. J., Zeng, L., Glaze, V. H., Souto, M. I., Ackelsberg, J., Alex, B., Ballen, V., Baumgartner, J., Bloch, D., Clark, S., Conners, E., Cooper, H., Davidson, A., Dentinger, C., Deocharan, B., Vito, A., Fu, J., Hrusa, G., Iqbal, M., Iwamoto, M., Jones, L., Kubinson, H., Lash, M., Layton, M., Lee, C. T., Liu, D., Mcgibbon, E., Moy, M., Ngai, S., Parton, H. B., Peterson, E., Poy, J., Rakeman, J., Stoute, A., Thompson, C., Weiss, D., Westheimer, E., Winters, A., Younis, M., Chan, R. L., Cronquist, L. J., Caton, L., Lind, L., Nalluswami, K., Perella, D., Brady, D. S., Gosciminski, M., Mcauley, P., Drociuk, D., Leedom, V., Witrick, B., Bollock, J., Hartel, M. B., Lucinski, L. S., Mcdonald, M., Miller, A. M., Ponson, T. A., Price, L., Nance, A. E., Peterson, D., Cook, S., Martin, B., Oltean, H., Neary, J., Baker, M. A., Cummons, K., Bryan, K., Arnold, K. E., Arth, A. C., Bollweg, B. C., Cragan, J. D., Dawson, A. L., Denison, A. M., Dziuban, E. J., Estetter, L., Silva-Flannery, L., Free, R. J., Galang, R. R., Gary, J., Goldsmith, C. S., Green, C., Hale, G. L., Hayes, H. M., Igbinosa, I., Kelly Keating, M., Khan, S., Kim, S. Y., Lampe, M., Lewis, A., Mai, C., Martines, R. B., Miers, B., Moore, J., Muehlenbachs, A., Nahabedian, J., Panella, A., Parihar, V., Patel, M. M., Brett Rabeneck, D., Rasmussen, S. A., Ritter, J. M., Rollin, D. C., Sanders, J. H., Shieh, W. -J, Simeone, R. M., Simon, E. L., Sims, J. R., Spivey, P. J., Talley-Mcrae, H., Tshiwala, A. K., Maldeghem, K., Viens, L., Wainscott-Sargent, A., Williams, T., and Zaki, S.
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0301 basic medicine ,Gerontology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Microcephaly ,Health (social science) ,Epidemiology ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Vital signs ,Congenital Abnormalities ,Zika virus ,03 medical and health sciences ,Fetus ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,Central Nervous System Diseases ,Pregnancy ,Humans ,Medicine ,Eye Abnormalities ,Neural Tube Defects ,Registries ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ,Pregnancy registry ,biology ,Vital Signs ,Zika Virus Infection ,business.industry ,Obstetrics ,Public health ,Infant, Newborn ,Brain ,Infant ,Gestational age ,Zika Virus ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,United States ,030104 developmental biology ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background In collaboration with state, tribal, local, and territorial health departments, CDC established the U.S. Zika Pregnancy Registry (USZPR) in early 2016 to monitor pregnant women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection and their infants. Methods This report includes an analysis of completed pregnancies (which include live births and pregnancy losses, regardless of gestational age) in the 50 U.S. states and the District of Columbia (DC) with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection reported to the USZPR from January 15 to December 27, 2016. Birth defects potentially associated with Zika virus infection during pregnancy include brain abnormalities and/or microcephaly, eye abnormalities, other consequences of central nervous system dysfunction, and neural tube defects and other early brain malformations. Results During the analysis period, 1,297 pregnant women in 44 states were reported to the USZPR. Zika virus-associated birth defects were reported for 51 (5%) of the 972 fetuses/infants from completed pregnancies with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection (95% confidence interval [CI] = 4%-7%); the proportion was higher when restricted to pregnancies with laboratory-confirmed Zika virus infection (24/250 completed pregnancies [10%, 95% CI = 7%-14%]). Birth defects were reported in 15% (95% CI = 8%-26%) of fetuses/infants of completed pregnancies with confirmed Zika virus infection in the first trimester. Among 895 liveborn infants from pregnancies with possible recent Zika virus infection, postnatal neuroimaging was reported for 221 (25%), and Zika virus testing of at least one infant specimen was reported for 585 (65%). Conclusions and implications for public health practice These findings highlight why pregnant women should avoid Zika virus exposure. Because the full clinical spectrum of congenital Zika virus infection is not yet known, all infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy should receive postnatal neuroimaging and Zika virus testing in addition to a comprehensive newborn physical exam and hearing screen. Identification and follow-up care of infants born to women with laboratory evidence of possible recent Zika virus infection during pregnancy and infants with possible congenital Zika virus infection can ensure that appropriate clinical services are available.
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- 2017
4. The Image of the African Medicine-man1
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Jilek, W. G., primary
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5. Psychiatric Concepts and Conditions in the Wapogoro Tribe of Tanganyika
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Jilek, W. G., primary and Jilek, L. M. Aall, additional
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6. Mental Health and Magic Beliefs in Changing Africa
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Jilek, W. G., primary
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7. Abstracts and Reviews : MUSIC AND TRANCE: A THEORY OF THE RELATIONS BETWEEN MUSIC AND POSSESSION by GILBERT ROUGET. Chicago: The University of Press, 1985. $60.00 (cloth), $19.95 (paper), 395 pp. + xix.
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Jilek, W.
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- 1987
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8. Abstracts and Reviews : 10 News and Views.
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Hippler, Arthur, Jilek, W., Jilek-Aall, L., and Chakraborty, Ajita
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- 1979
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9. CANADA'S NATIVE PEOPLES : A SYMPOSIUM, Canadian Psy chiatric Association Journal 19, 4 (1974): 329-73.
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Jilek-Aall, L. and Jilek, W.
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- 1975
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10. Anomic depression, alcoholism and a culture-congenial Indian response.
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Jilek, W G
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- 1981
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11. Abstracts and Reviews : 7 Europe.
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Jilek-Aall, L. and Jilek, W.
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- 1982
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12. Evaluation of placental and fetal tissue specimens for Zika virus infection — 50 states and district of Columbia, January-December, 2016
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Reagan-Steiner, S., Simeone, R., Simon, E., Bhatnagar, J., Oduyebo, T., Free, R., Denison, A. M., Rabeneck, D. B., Ellington, S., Petersen, E., Gary, J., Hale, G., Keating, M. K., Martines, R. B., Muehlenbachs, A., Ritter, J., Lee, E., Davidson, A., Conners, E., Scotland, S., Sandhu, K., Bingham, A., Kassens, E., Smith, L., St George, K., Ahmad, N., Tanner, M., Beavers, S., Miers, B., Maldeghem, K., Khan, S., Rabe, I., Gould, C., Meaney-Delman, D., Honein, M. A., Shieh, W. -J, Jamieson, D. J., Fischer, M., Zaki, S. R., Kretschmer, M., Tarter, K., Yaglom, H., Alhajmohammad, S., Chhabra, D., Jilek, W., Madala, M., Messenger, S., Porse, C. C., Salas, M., Singh, D., Skallet, S., Sowunmi, S., Marzec, N. S., Davis, K., Esponda-Morrison, B., Fraser, M. Z., O’connor, C. A., Chung, W. M., Richardson, F., Stocks, M. E., Bundek, A. M., Zambri, M. L., Allen, A., Etienne, M. K., Jackson, J., Landis, V., Logue, T., Muse, N., Prieto, J., Rojas, M., Feldpausch, A., Graham, T., Mann, S., Park, S. Y., Freeman, D., Potts, E. J., Stevens, T., Simonson, S., Tonzel, J. L., Davis, S., Robinson, S., Hyun, J. K., Jenkins, E. M., Brown, C., Soliva, S., Schiffman, E., Byers, P., Hand, S., Mulgrew, C. L., Hamik, J., Koirala, S., Ludwig, E., Fredette, C. R., Mathewson, A. A., Garafalo, K., Worthington, K., Ropri, A., Bloch, D., Clark, S., Cooper, H., Fine, A. D., Hrusa, G., Iwamoto, M., Kubinson, H., Lee, C. T., Slavinski, S., Wilson, E., Winters, A., Yang, D. Y., Ade, J. N., Alaali, Z., Alvarez, K., Backenson, P. B., Blog, D., Dean, A., Dufort, E., Furuya, A. M., Fuschino, M., Hull, R., Kleabonas, M., Kulas, K., Kurpiel, P., Lance, L. A., Leak, E., Limberger, R. J., Ostrowski, S., Polfleit, M., Robbins, A., Rowlands, J. V., Sohi, I., Sommer, J. N., White, J., Wiley, D., Zeng, L., Chan, R. L., Macfarquhar, J., Cronquist, L., Lind, L., Nalluswami, K., Perella, D., Brady, D. S., Gosciminski, M., Mcauley, P., Teevan, B. E., Drociuk, D., Leedom, V., Witrick, B., Bollock, J., Kightlinger, L., Hartel, M. B., Lucinski, L. S., Mcdonald, M., Miller, A. M., Ponson, T. A., Price, L., Broussard, K., Nance, A. E., Peterson, D., Martin, B., Browne, S., Griffin-Thomas, L. A., Macdonald, J. O., Neary, J., Oltean, H., Adamski, A., Baez-Santiago, M., Bollweg, B. C., Cragan, J. D., Ermias, Y., Estetter, L. B. C., Fleck-Derderian, S., Goldsmith, C. S., Groenewold, M. R., Hayes, H., Igbinosa, I., Jenkinson, T. G., Jones, A. M., Lewis, A., Moore, C. A., Newsome, K. B., Parihar, V., Patel, M. M., Paulino, A., Rasmussen, S. A., Raycraft, M., Reynolds, M. R., Rollin, D. C., Sanders, J. H., Shapiro-Mendoza, C., Silva-Flannery, L., Spivey, P., Tshiwala, A. K., Williams, T. R., Bower, W. A., Davlantes, E., Forward, T. R., Fukunaga, R., Hines, J., Hu, S. S., Leung, J., Lewis, L., Martin, S., Mcnamara, L., Omura, J. D., Robinson, C. L., Schmit, K., Self, J. L., Shah, M., Straily, A., Dyne, E. A., Vu, M., and Williams, C.
13. Clinical and Genetic Aspects of Seizure Disorders Prevalent in an Isolated African Population
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Jilek-Aall, L., primary, Jilek, W., additional, and Miller, J. R., additional
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- 1979
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14. INDIAN HEALING POWER: indigenous therapeutic practices in the pacific northwest
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Jilek, W G, primary
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- 1974
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15. Anomic depression, alcoholism and a culture-congenial Indian response.
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Jilek, W G, primary
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- 1981
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16. Witchcraft and psychotherapy.
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Jilek, Wolfgang G. and Jilek, W G
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LETTERS to the editor ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,MAGIC ,TRADITIONAL medicine - Abstract
A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article about witchcraft and psychotherapy published in the August 1986 issue.
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- 1986
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17. Author Correction: Child wasting and concurrent stunting in low- and middle-income countries.
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Mertens A, Benjamin-Chung J, Colford JM Jr, Hubbard AE, van der Laan MJ, Coyle J, Sofrygin O, Cai W, Jilek W, Rosete S, Nguyen A, Pokpongkiat NN, Djajadi S, Seth A, Jung E, Chung EO, Malenica I, Hejazi N, Li H, Hafen R, Subramoney V, Häggström J, Norman T, Christian P, Brown KH, and Arnold BF
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- 2023
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18. Author Correction: Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries.
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Benjamin-Chung J, Mertens A, Colford JM Jr, Hubbard AE, van der Laan MJ, Coyle J, Sofrygin O, Cai W, Nguyen A, Pokpongkiat NN, Djajadi S, Seth A, Jilek W, Jung E, Chung EO, Rosete S, Hejazi N, Malenica I, Li H, Hafen R, Subramoney V, Häggström J, Norman T, Brown KH, Christian P, and Arnold BF
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- 2023
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19. Child wasting and concurrent stunting in low- and middle-income countries.
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Mertens A, Benjamin-Chung J, Colford JM Jr, Hubbard AE, van der Laan MJ, Coyle J, Sofrygin O, Cai W, Jilek W, Rosete S, Nguyen A, Pokpongkiat NN, Djajadi S, Seth A, Jung E, Chung EO, Malenica I, Hejazi N, Li H, Hafen R, Subramoney V, Häggström J, Norman T, Christian P, Brown KH, and Arnold BF
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- Child, Preschool, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Cross-Sectional Studies, Incidence, Longitudinal Studies, Rain, Seasons, Cachexia epidemiology, Cachexia mortality, Cachexia prevention & control, Developing Countries, Growth Disorders epidemiology, Growth Disorders mortality, Growth Disorders prevention & control, Malnutrition epidemiology, Malnutrition mortality, Malnutrition prevention & control
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Sustainable Development Goal 2.2-to end malnutrition by 2030-includes the elimination of child wasting, defined as a weight-for-length z-score that is more than two standard deviations below the median of the World Health Organization standards for child growth
1 . Prevailing methods to measure wasting rely on cross-sectional surveys that cannot measure onset, recovery and persistence-key features that inform preventive interventions and estimates of disease burden. Here we analyse 21 longitudinal cohorts and show that wasting is a highly dynamic process of onset and recovery, with incidence peaking between birth and 3 months. Many more children experience an episode of wasting at some point during their first 24 months than prevalent cases at a single point in time suggest. For example, at the age of 24 months, 5.6% of children were wasted, but by the same age (24 months), 29.2% of children had experienced at least one wasting episode and 10.0% had experienced two or more episodes. Children who were wasted before the age of 6 months had a faster recovery and shorter episodes than did children who were wasted at older ages; however, early wasting increased the risk of later growth faltering, including concurrent wasting and stunting (low length-for-age z-score), and thus increased the risk of mortality. In diverse populations with high seasonal rainfall, the population average weight-for-length z-score varied substantially (more than 0.5 z in some cohorts), with the lowest mean z-scores occurring during the rainiest months; this indicates that seasonally targeted interventions could be considered. Our results show the importance of establishing interventions to prevent wasting from birth to the age of 6 months, probably through improved maternal nutrition, to complement current programmes that focus on children aged 6-59 months., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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20. Causes and consequences of child growth faltering in low-resource settings.
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Mertens A, Benjamin-Chung J, Colford JM Jr, Coyle J, van der Laan MJ, Hubbard AE, Rosete S, Malenica I, Hejazi N, Sofrygin O, Cai W, Li H, Nguyen A, Pokpongkiat NN, Djajadi S, Seth A, Jung E, Chung EO, Jilek W, Subramoney V, Hafen R, Häggström J, Norman T, Brown KH, Christian P, and Arnold BF
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- Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Pregnancy, Cohort Studies, Dietary Supplements, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers, Sex Factors, Malnutrition economics, Malnutrition epidemiology, Malnutrition etiology, Malnutrition prevention & control, Anthropometry, Cachexia economics, Cachexia epidemiology, Cachexia etiology, Cachexia prevention & control, Developing Countries economics, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data, Growth Disorders epidemiology, Growth Disorders prevention & control
- Abstract
Growth faltering in children (low length for age or low weight for length) during the first 1,000 days of life (from conception to 2 years of age) influences short-term and long-term health and survival
1,2 . Interventions such as nutritional supplementation during pregnancy and the postnatal period could help prevent growth faltering, but programmatic action has been insufficient to eliminate the high burden of stunting and wasting in low- and middle-income countries. Identification of age windows and population subgroups on which to focus will benefit future preventive efforts. Here we use a population intervention effects analysis of 33 longitudinal cohorts (83,671 children, 662,763 measurements) and 30 separate exposures to show that improving maternal anthropometry and child condition at birth accounted for population increases in length-for-age z-scores of up to 0.40 and weight-for-length z-scores of up to 0.15 by 24 months of age. Boys had consistently higher risk of all forms of growth faltering than girls. Early postnatal growth faltering predisposed children to subsequent and persistent growth faltering. Children with multiple growth deficits exhibited higher mortality rates from birth to 2 years of age than children without growth deficits (hazard ratios 1.9 to 8.7). The importance of prenatal causes and severe consequences for children who experienced early growth faltering support a focus on pre-conception and pregnancy as a key opportunity for new preventive interventions., (© 2023. The Author(s).)- Published
- 2023
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21. Early-childhood linear growth faltering in low- and middle-income countries.
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Benjamin-Chung J, Mertens A, Colford JM Jr, Hubbard AE, van der Laan MJ, Coyle J, Sofrygin O, Cai W, Nguyen A, Pokpongkiat NN, Djajadi S, Seth A, Jilek W, Jung E, Chung EO, Rosete S, Hejazi N, Malenica I, Li H, Hafen R, Subramoney V, Häggström J, Norman T, Brown KH, Christian P, and Arnold BF
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- Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Asia, Southern epidemiology, Cognition, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developmental Disabilities epidemiology, Developmental Disabilities mortality, Developmental Disabilities prevention & control, Longitudinal Studies, Mothers, Developing Countries statistics & numerical data, Growth Disorders epidemiology, Growth Disorders mortality, Growth Disorders prevention & control
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Globally, 149 million children under 5 years of age are estimated to be stunted (length more than 2 standard deviations below international growth standards)
1,2 . Stunting, a form of linear growth faltering, increases the risk of illness, impaired cognitive development and mortality. Global stunting estimates rely on cross-sectional surveys, which cannot provide direct information about the timing of onset or persistence of growth faltering-a key consideration for defining critical windows to deliver preventive interventions. Here we completed a pooled analysis of longitudinal studies in low- and middle-income countries (n = 32 cohorts, 52,640 children, ages 0-24 months), allowing us to identify the typical age of onset of linear growth faltering and to investigate recurrent faltering in early life. The highest incidence of stunting onset occurred from birth to the age of 3 months, with substantially higher stunting at birth in South Asia. From 0 to 15 months, stunting reversal was rare; children who reversed their stunting status frequently relapsed, and relapse rates were substantially higher among children born stunted. Early onset and low reversal rates suggest that improving children's linear growth will require life course interventions for women of childbearing age and a greater emphasis on interventions for children under 6 months of age., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.)- Published
- 2023
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22. Public Protests and the Risk of Novel Coronavirus Disease Hospitalizations: A County-Level Analysis from California.
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Bui LN, Berkowitz RL, Jilek W, Bordner AJ, Azar KMJ, Pressman A, and Romanelli RJ
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- California epidemiology, Hospitalization, Humans, Pandemics, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2
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The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between public protests and county-level, novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) hospitalization rates across California. Publicly available data were included in the analysis from 55 of 58 California state counties (29 March-14 October 2020). Mixed-effects negative binomial regression models were used to examine the relationship between daily county-level COVID-19 hospitalizations and two main exposure variables: any vs. no protests and 1 or >1 protest vs. no protests on a given county-day. COVID-19 hospitalizations were used as a proxy for viral transmission since such rates are less sensitive to temporal changes in testing access/availability. Models included covariates for daily county mobility, county-level characteristics, and time trends. Models also included a county-population offset and a two-week lag for the association between exposure and outcome. No significant associations were observed between protest exposures and COVID-19 hospitalization rates among the 55 counties. We did not find evidence to suggest that public protests were associated with COVID-19 hospitalization within California counties. These findings support the notion that protesting during a pandemic may be safe, ostensibly, so long as evidence-based precautionary measures are taken.
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- 2021
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23. Evaluation of a city-wide school-located influenza vaccination program in Oakland, California, with respect to vaccination coverage, school absences, and laboratory-confirmed influenza: A matched cohort study.
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Benjamin-Chung J, Arnold BF, Kennedy CJ, Mishra K, Pokpongkiat N, Nguyen A, Jilek W, Holbrook K, Pan E, Kirley PD, Libby T, Hubbard AE, Reingold A, and Colford JM Jr
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- Adolescent, California epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Cohort Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Influenza, Human epidemiology, Influenza, Human prevention & control, Male, Schools standards, Students, Vaccination methods, Vaccination Coverage methods, Absenteeism, Influenza Vaccines administration & dosage, School Health Services standards, Urban Population, Vaccination standards, Vaccination Coverage standards
- Abstract
Background: It is estimated that vaccinating 50%-70% of school-aged children for influenza can produce population-wide indirect effects. We evaluated a city-wide school-located influenza vaccination (SLIV) intervention that aimed to increase influenza vaccination coverage. The intervention was implemented in ≥95 preschools and elementary schools in northern California from 2014 to 2018. Using a matched cohort design, we estimated intervention impacts on student influenza vaccination coverage, school absenteeism, and community-wide indirect effects on laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations., Methods and Findings: We used a multivariate matching algorithm to identify a nearby comparison school district with pre-intervention characteristics similar to those of the intervention school district and matched schools in each district. To measure student influenza vaccination, we conducted cross-sectional surveys of student caregivers in 22 school pairs (2017 survey, N = 6,070; 2018 survey, N = 6,507). We estimated the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization from 2011 to 2018 using surveillance data from school district zip codes. We analyzed student absenteeism data from 2011 to 2018 from each district (N = 42,487,816 student-days). To account for pre-intervention differences between districts, we estimated difference-in-differences (DID) in influenza hospitalization incidence and absenteeism rates using generalized linear and log-linear models with a population offset for incidence outcomes. Prior to the SLIV intervention, the median household income was $51,849 in the intervention site and $61,596 in the comparison site. The population in each site was predominately white (41% in the intervention site, 48% in the comparison site) and/or of Hispanic or Latino ethnicity (26% in the intervention site, 33% in the comparison site). The number of students vaccinated by the SLIV intervention ranged from 7,502 to 10,106 (22%-28% of eligible students) each year. During the intervention, influenza vaccination coverage among elementary students was 53%-66% in the comparison district. Coverage was similar between the intervention and comparison districts in influenza seasons 2014-2015 and 2015-2016 and was significantly higher in the intervention site in seasons 2016-2017 (7%; 95% CI 4, 11; p < 0.001) and 2017-2018 (11%; 95% CI 7, 15; p < 0.001). During seasons when vaccination coverage was higher among intervention schools and the vaccine was moderately effective, there was evidence of statistically significant indirect effects: The DID in the incidence of influenza hospitalization per 100,000 in the intervention versus comparison site was -17 (95% CI -30, -4; p = 0.008) in 2016-2017 and -37 (95% CI -54, -19; p < 0.001) in 2017-2018 among non-elementary-school-aged individuals and -73 (95% CI -147, 1; p = 0.054) in 2016-2017 and -160 (95% CI -267, -53; p = 0.004) in 2017-2018 among adults 65 years or older. The DID in illness-related school absences per 100 school days during the influenza season was -0.63 (95% CI -1.14, -0.13; p = 0.014) in 2016-2017 and -0.80 (95% CI -1.28, -0.31; p = 0.001) in 2017-2018. Limitations of this study include the use of an observational design, which may be subject to unmeasured confounding, and caregiver-reported vaccination status, which is subject to poor recall and low response rates., Conclusions: A city-wide SLIV intervention in a large, diverse urban population was associated with a decrease in the incidence of laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalization in all age groups and a decrease in illness-specific school absence rate among students in 2016-2017 and 2017-2018, seasons when the vaccine was moderately effective, suggesting that the intervention produced indirect effects. Our findings suggest that in populations with moderately high background levels of influenza vaccination coverage, SLIV programs are associated with further increases in coverage and reduced influenza across the community., Competing Interests: I have read the journal's policy and the authors of this manuscript have the following competing interests: The following authors report grant support from the Flu Lab to the University of California, Berkeley for the conduct of this research: JBC, BFA, KM, NP, AN, WJ, AEH, AR, JMC. EP reports grant support from the Shoo the Flu organization to the Alameda County Public Health Department. KH reports paid employment from the Shoo the Flu organization. CK reports paid employment from Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Division of Research. PDK and TL report grant support from the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to the California Emerging Infections Program.
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- 2020
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24. Travel-Associated Zika Cases and Threat of Local Transmission during Global Outbreak, California, USA.
- Author
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Porse CC, Messenger S, Vugia DJ, Jilek W, Salas M, Watt J, and Kramer V
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Animals, California epidemiology, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Middle Aged, Pregnancy, Young Adult, Zika Virus Infection transmission, Aedes, Disease Outbreaks prevention & control, Insect Vectors, Travel, Zika Virus isolation & purification, Zika Virus Infection epidemiology
- Abstract
Zika and associated microcephaly among newborns were reported in Brazil during 2015. Zika has since spread across the Americas, and travel-associated cases were reported throughout the United States. We reviewed travel-associated Zika cases in California to assess the potential threat of local Zika virus transmission, given the regional spread of Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes. During November 2015-September 2017, a total of 588 travel-associated Zika cases were reported in California, including 139 infections in pregnant women, 10 congenital infections, and 8 sexually transmitted infections. Most case-patients reported travel to Mexico and Central America, and many returned during a period when they could have been viremic. By September 2017, Ae. aegypti mosquitoes had spread to 124 locations in California, and Ae. albopictus mosquitoes had spread to 53 locations. Continued human and mosquito surveillance and public health education are valuable tools in preventing and detecting Zika virus infections and local transmission in California.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Koro--the psychological disappearance of the penis.
- Author
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Mattelaer JJ and Jilek W
- Subjects
- Africa epidemiology, Asia epidemiology, Attitude to Health ethnology, Body Image, Cultural Characteristics, Humans, Male, Fear, Genital Diseases, Male ethnology, Koro ethnology, Men's Health ethnology
- Abstract
The aim of this article is to present a summarizing overview on ethnomedical aspects of koro (in Chinese called suo-yang), the panic anxiety state in which affected males believe that the penis is shrinking and/or retracting, and perhaps disappearing. While reduction of penile volume occurs physiologically due to vasoconstriction in cold temperature and intense anxiety, it is believed in certain cultures that genital shrinking leads to impotence and sterility, and eventually to death. Traditional Chinese medicine treats suo-yang, the reduction of the male principle yang, as a dangerous disturbance of the life-sustaining yin-yang equilibrium of the organism. Koro has therefore been held to be a Chinese "culture-bound" condition. However , the koro phenomenon is also known among diverse ethnic and religious groups in Asia and Africa, typically in cultures in which reproductive ability is a major determinant of a young person's worth. Koro epidemics of panic anxiety due to widespread fears of losing one's genitals, procreative ability, and even one's life, are triggered by rumors of genital disappearance supposedly caused in China by female fox spirits, in Singapore and Thailand by mass poisoning, and in Africa by sorcery, usually in the context of socioeconomic or political tension. Today, in contemporary Western societies, ideas of genital disappearance are not culturally endorsed. But historically, it should be remembered that in the late Middle Ages in Europe, a man could lose his membrum virile through magical attacks by witches. The conclusion is that the psychological disappearance of the penis is a universal syndrome that was described recently in Asia and Africa and already in Medieval Europe.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Emil Kraepelin and comparative sociocultural psychiatry.
- Author
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Jilek WG
- Subjects
- Cross-Cultural Comparison, History, 20th Century, Humans, Mental Disorders psychology, Mood Disorders psychology, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Culture, Psychiatry history
- Abstract
Emil Kraepelin, well known as the principal designer of modern psychiatric nosology, is less well known for his pioneering work in comparative sociocultural psychiatry. This paper is trying to document Kraepelin's role as the inaugurator of systematic investigations into culture-dependent differences in psychopathology. Despite his many responsibilities as clinician, teacher, hospital administrator and scientific author, Kraepelin considered cross-cultural comparison of such importance that he spent considerable time on the preparation of then very cumbersome overseas expeditions. His first research journey in 1904 to Southeast Asia led to the programmatic formulation of comparative psychiatry as a scientific endeavour designed to contribute to the better understanding of psychopathological processes and to a comprehensive comparative ethnopsychology ("Voelkerpsychologie"). Kraepelin's main cross-cultural research project, planned to extend to seven non-European countries and to involve many foreign colleagues, was prevented by World War I and postwar complications. One year before his unexpected death, Kraepelin conducted comparative studies with American Indian, Afro-American and Latin American patients at psychiatric institutions in the United States, Mexico and Cuba in 1925. In his writings Kraepelin commented on certain differences in the incidence and presentation of psychopathological phenomena that he considered to be due to ethnic-cultural characteristics or social conditions. This paper discusses in detail Kraepelin's observations on the pathoplastic and pathogenic effects of cultural and social factors, and demonstrates the influence of his ideas on the development of modern social and transcultural psychiatry.
- Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Traditional medicine and mental health care.
- Author
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Jilek W and Jilek-Aall L
- Subjects
- Attitude of Health Personnel, Humans, Medicine, Traditional, Mental Disorders therapy
- Published
- 1991
28. The metamorphosis of 'culture-bound' syndromes.
- Author
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Jilek WG and Jilek-Aall L
- Subjects
- Anthropology, Cultural, Asia, China, Ethnicity, Female, Humans, Indonesia, Male, Paranoid Disorders psychology, Psychoanalytic Theory, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological psychology, Stress, Psychological, Syndrome, Thailand, Behavior, Culture, Mental Disorders psychology
- Abstract
Starting from a critical review of the concept of 'culture-bound' disorders and its development in comparative psychiatry, the authors present the changing aspects of two so-called culture-bound syndromes as paradigms of transcultural metamorphosis (koro) and intra-cultural metamorphosis (Salish Indian spirit sickness), respectively. The authors present recent data on epidemics of koro, which is supposedly bound to Chinese culture, in Thailand and India among non-Chinese populations. Neither the model of Oedipal castration anxiety nor the model of culture-specific pathogenicity, commonly adduced in psychiatric and ethnological literature, explain these phenomena. The authors' data on Salish Indian spirit sickness describes the contemporary condition as anomic depression, which is significantly different from its traditional namesake. The traditional concept was redefined by Salish ritual specialists in response to current needs imposed by social changes. The stresses involved in creating the contemporary phenomena of koro and spirit sickness are neither culture-specific nor culture-inherent, as postulated for 'culture-bound' syndromes, rather they are generated by a feeling of powerlessness caused by perceived threats to ethnic survival.
- Published
- 1985
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Initiation in Papua New Guinea: psychohygienic and ethnopsychiatric aspects.
- Author
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Jilek WG and Jilek-Aall L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anomie prevention & control, Ceremonial Behavior, Child, Cicatrix, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Indians, North American, Male, New Guinea, Psychodrama, Religion, Social Change, Culture, Role, Social Behavior, Social Identification
- Abstract
Initiation ceremonials in traditional Papua New Guinea and North American Indian cultures serve important psychohygienic functions in establishing the youth's final identity and thereby warding off the frustration, anxiety, and depression which are associated with anomie and role confusion. Inititations in Papua New Guinea are presented as a process of social learning in which group consciousness and loyalty are established through revelation of ancestral secrets, testing by ordeals, and ego-stregthening rewards. Structually patterned archetypal collective symbols gain direct access to the young person's unconscious when skillfully transmitted in the initiatory psychodrama of death and rebirth. Medical complications occuring during initiation procedures are rare accidents which have to be weighed against the psychological and social benefits for individual and group. Initiation ceremonials help the young to achieve a sense of sexual and socio-cultural identity from which feelings of emotional security and social belonging are derived.
- Published
- 1978
30. Witchdoctors succeed where doctors fail: psychotherapy among Coast Salish Indians.
- Author
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Jilek WG and Todd N
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, British Columbia, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Mental Disorders rehabilitation, Psychiatry, Indians, North American, Medicine, Traditional, Mental Disorders therapy, Psychotherapy
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. [Mass-hysteria with Koro-symptoms in Thailand].
- Author
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Jilek W and Jilek-Aall L
- Subjects
- Body Image, Erectile Dysfunction psychology, Female, Humans, Male, Sexual Dysfunctions, Psychological psychology, Thailand, Anxiety, Castration psychology, Hysteria epidemiology, Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological psychology
- Abstract
Koro, a psychogenic anxiety syndrome interfering with genital body image and sexual functioning, has hitherto been described as occurring mainly in isolated cases of South Chinese males. The present communication reports an epidemic outbreak in November 1976 in Northeastern Thailand where within a few days at least 200 patients, most of them Thai and two-thirds males, were treated at local hospitals. Main presenting symptoms were acute anxiety, in some cases leading to fainting, (subjective) shrinking of the penis and impotency in men, shrinking and/or itching of the external genitals and frigidity in women; further complaints included initial nausea and dizziness, abdominal pains, headaches, facial numbness. All patients recovered after brief symptomatic intervention. Popular opinion and news media echoed the patients' paranoid projection of viewing the epidemic as caused by Vietnamese food and tobacco poisoning in a hideous assault against the sexual vitality and general health of the Thai people, in the context of a specific socio-cultural and politico-historical situation. It appears that an adequate interpretation of Koro and of analogous hysterical symptom formation would have to go beyond the hitherto applied psychoanalytic models by considering the specific sociodynamic factors involved in the pathogenesis of such phenomena.
- Published
- 1977
32. The residual dimension. A study of residual syndromes in veterans with chronic psychiatric illness. I.
- Author
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Jilek WG
- Subjects
- Affect, Attitude to Health, Chronic Disease, Emotions, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Models, Psychological, Motor Activity, Neurotic Disorders diagnosis, Perceptual Disorders diagnosis, Schizophrenic Psychology, Thinking, Verbal Behavior, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Social Adjustment
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. Transient psychoses in Africans.
- Author
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Jilek WG and Jilek-Aall L
- Subjects
- Africa, Black People, Culture, Ethnicity, Humans, Neurocognitive Disorders epidemiology, Psychotic Disorders etiology, Schizophrenia epidemiology, Schizophrenia history, Psychotic Disorders epidemiology
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. The image of the African medicine-man.
- Author
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Jilek WG
- Subjects
- Adult, Africa, Anthropology, Cultural, Black People, Ceremonial Behavior, Family, Female, Folklore, Humans, Magic, Male, Mental Healing, Middle Aged, Phytotherapy, Psychodrama, Psychology, Social, Social Desirability, Superstitions, Medicine, Traditional
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. The problem of epilepsy in a rural Tanzanian tribe.
- Author
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Jilek WG and Jilek-Aall LM
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Black People, Burns etiology, Child, Epilepsy complications, Epilepsy diagnosis, Epilepsy drug therapy, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Psychotic Disorders complications, Rural Population, Socioeconomic Factors, Tanzania, Epilepsy epidemiology
- Published
- 1970
36. Mental health and magic beliefs in changing Africa.
- Author
-
Jilek WG
- Subjects
- Africa, Black People, Civilization, Humans, Magic, Medicine, Traditional, Socioeconomic Factors, Superstitions, Mental Health, Social Change
- Published
- 1967
37. From crazy witch doctor to auxillary psychotherapist--the changing image of the medicine man.
- Author
-
Jilek WG
- Subjects
- Africa, Bible, Culture, Europe, History, 19th Century, History, 20th Century, History, Ancient, Humans, Magic, Medicine, Traditional history, Mental Disorders, Psychotherapy, Superstitions
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Psychiatirc concepts and conditions in the Wapogoro Tribe to Tanganyika.
- Author
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Jilek WG and Jilek LM
- Subjects
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders diagnosis, Depression diagnosis, Epilepsy, Tonic-Clonic diagnosis, Female, Humans, Male, Medicine, Traditional, Mental Disorders therapy, Paranoid Disorders diagnosis, Psychoses, Alcoholic diagnosis, Psychotherapy, Rorschach Test, Schizophrenia diagnosis, Tanzania, Attitude, Black People, Psychiatry
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. [The anti-epileptic and psychotropic properties of carbamazepine (Tegretol)].
- Author
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Rajotte P, Jilek W, Jilek L, Perales A, Giard N, Bordeleau JM, and Tétreault L
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Carbamazepine therapeutic use, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phenytoin therapeutic use, Anticonvulsants therapeutic use, Dibenzazepines therapeutic use, Epilepsy drug therapy
- Published
- 1967
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